1. Putting the Brakes on the Driving While Black Dilemma

5. Literature Review  Higgins et. Al- The article focuses on ways to better understand racial profiling. The authors studied more than 40,000 traffic stops and determined “race” is a common factor that was used as a determinant. The authors used a “random search” method which yielded no disparities between whites and blacks.  Higgins et al.- Public opinion is the central aim of this article. Blacks and Hispanics tend to believe that racial profiling is widespread and cannot be justified. However, the researchers have determined that there are several other factors that come into play. (age, gender, education level, etc) Warren et. al- This article was written in response to policy in the government. Many different agencies have received scrutiny because of racial profiling. Because of this, it has became an important topic for policy-makers. The study concluded that media coverage and scrutiny of agencies has drastically reduced racial profiling. Pitt- This article focuses on Muslims and Blacks. It determined that The Patriot Act has increased racial profiling. Since an increase in counter terrorism occurred, it has lead to more disparities of races in traffic stops.

6. Logical Approach Works Cited Higgins, G. E., & Gabbidon, S. L. (2012). Exploring Untested Measures on Public Opinion on the Use of Racial Profiling During Traffic Stops to Identify Criminals. Journal Of Ethnicity In Criminal Justice, 10(1), 71-85. doi:10.1080/15377938.2012.642732 Higgins, G. E., Vito, G. F., Grossi, E. L., & Vito, A. G. (2012). Searches and Traffic Stops: Racial Profiling and Capriciousness. Journal Of Ethnicity In Criminal Justice, 10(3), 163-179. doi:10.1080/15377938.2012.700622 Pitt, C. (2011). U.S. PATRIOT ACT AND RACIAL PROFILING: ARE THERE CONSEQUENCES OF DISCRIMINATION?. Michigan Sociological Review, 2553-69. Warren, P. Y., & Tomaskovic-Devey, D. (2009). Racial profiling and searches: Did the politics of racial profiling change police behavior?. Criminology & Public Policy, 8(2), 343-369. doi:10.1111/j.1745- 9133.2009.00556.x

7. T-TEST

8. REGRESSION

9. Data Analysis Conclusion This program did not work because it was not significant at the.05 or the.1 level. Even when testing for gender, in program or not, and high school graduation, it does not matter. They would have an equal chance.