1. America’s History Sixth Edition
Henretta • Brody • Dumenil
America’s History Sixth Edition
CHAPTER 6
Making War and Republican Governments,
Copyright © 2009 by Bedford/St. Martin’s and Matthew Ellington, Ruben S. Ayala High School

2. 1. The Trials of War,
War in the North
Armies and Strategies
Victory at Saratoga
Social and Financial Perils
2. The Path to Victory,
The French Alliance
War in the South
The Patriot Advantage
Diplomatic Triumph
3. Creating Republican Institutions,
The State Constitutions: How Much Democracy?
Women Seek Public Voice
The Loyalist Exodus
The Articles of Confederation
Shay’s Rebellion
4. The Constitution of 1787
The Rise of a Nationalist Faction
The Philadelphia Convention
The People Debate Ratification

3. 1A: War in the North The British held most of the military advantages
Patriot victories at Trenton and Princeton bolstered colonial morale after a difficult 1776

4. 1B: Armies and Strategies
Britain’s best chance to win was to defeat Washington in 1776
Most continental soldiers were usually poor, landless and enlisted for the bonus

5. 1C: Victory at Saratoga British attempt to cut off New England failed
Results: 5,000 troops captured & France joins war

6. 1D: Social and Financial Perils
British blockade greatly hurt colonial economy
Revolution financed thru bonds and paper money
Valley Forge (winter 1777) shaped Continental army

7. 2A: The French Alliance French involvement created another global war
Many in England lost hope after Saratoga defeat

8. 2B: War in the South
British strategy shifted to fighting for the South
Benedict Arnold’s defection hurt colonial morale
Cornwallis’ surrender at Yorktown sealed colonial victory

9. 2C: Patriot Advantage: Public Support
Washington’s tactics and British military blunders helped the colonial war effort
Colonial militias, refusal to support British/Loyalists, willingness to endure inflation showed public support
“The World Turned Upside Down”
Yorktown

10. 2D: Diplomatic Triumph
American negotiators exploited European rivalries
US gained land to Mississippi River and recognition

11. 3A: The State Constitutions: How Much Democracy?
States wrote new, more democratic constitutions
Revolution brought middle class into government
Middling men enter the halls of government,

12. 3B: Women Seek a Public Voice
Abigail Adams fought for women—“Remember the ladies”
Women gained access to public education but few political rights or freedoms at home
Republican Motherhood became role for women

13. 3C: The Loyalist Exodus
100,000 loyalists left during the Revolutionary War
Traditional elite was replaced with entrepreneurs and patriots
Black loyalist pass, 1783

14. 3D: The Articles of Confederation
Articles were a loose federation of states
Northwest territory set up with clear boundaries, no slavery, public schools, and a process for statehood

15. 3E: Shay’s Rebellion
Destruction from war, the British Navigation Acts, and low priced imports hurt colonial economy
Shay’s Rebellion (1787) in MA over taxes showed weakness of federal government

16. 4A: The Rise of a Nationalist Faction
Debate over debts, taxes, power, and if a republic could work in a country as large as the US
National political leaders, some southern planters, and creditors all favored a stronger government
Men fighting during Shay’s Rebellion

17. 4B: The Philadelphia Convention
Delegates who met in Philadelphia were mostly wealthy, many radicals were absent
James Madison was “Father of the Constitution”
Compromises made Constitution possible:
Great Compromise: bicameral legislature
3/5 Compromise: representation and slavery
20 year ban on restricting slave importation

18. 4C: The People Debate Ratification
States debated Constitution (9 needed to pass)
Federalist Papers, promise of a bill of rights, and property requirements for voting helped Federalists win