1. Chapter 6 The Loyalists (1776-1815)

2. We will look at… Details on how areas that were to become Canada and the United States began to distinguish themselves as separate countries How a representative government was established in British North America

3. Americans defeated British 1783 American Revolution ended New nation emerged: U.S.A When the war began, Thirteen Colonies were divided into two groups: Patriots & Loyalists

4. Who were the Loyalists? Political refugees who moved to Quebec & Nova Scotia for safety They were loyal to the British Empire Did not want to separate from Britain. Most farmers, others merchants, doctors, & lawyers AKA “Tories”

5. Who were the Patriots? Loyal to the Thirteen Colonies They wanted to separate from Britain to form the United States of America During the American Revolution, the Patriots destroyed many Loyalists homes and businesses. Treaty of Paris 1783: compensation promises; not kept

6. “The Bloody Massacre", 1770, by Paul Revere and Henry Pelham

7. Tarred and Feathered “ Now, are you a Torie or are you a Patriot? ”

8. Many thrown in prison Denied civil rights Property confiscated

9. The coming of the Loyalists Many Loyalists found themselves in a hostile country, forced to flee. Resulted in two new colonies: New Brunswick formed from a part of Nova Scotia Quebec was split into Lower Canada (now Quebec) and Upper Canada (now Ontario)

10. Tory Refugees

11. Many kinds of Loyalists Neutral: tormented, chose to side w/ Britain Various nationalities: protect special customs & traditions Loyal to British monarchy: feared children would be forced to accept democratic ideas; left to protect way of life Slaves: went w/ owners. Others, Britain offered their freedom if they sided with them. Became Loyalists to gain their freedom.

12. Many kinds of Loyalists cont’d Iroquois: fought along side the British; feared Americans taken over their lands more so than the British. Various religions: feared the lose of their religion; wanted Britain’s protection Recruiters: deals offered to settlers Temporary: not leaving country forever Side with the probable winners: either voice your support for Loyalists or you are seen as a Patriot. British government workers & regiments: no choice but to flee

14. Where the Loyalists Went Quebec: travelled by land (1776-1785) Nova Scotia: travelled by sea By 1785, nearly 100,000 Loyalists left the United States 40,000- 45000 British NA 34,000 Nova Scotia 7000 QE Others to Britain and West Indies

16. Quebec Treaty of Paris: to stop Seven Year’s War QE British owned; BUT majority French-speaking population. Loyalists moved to QE because they knew the British government would protect them After all, they risked their lives & lost their homes fighting for Britain Loyalists were given land and supplies by government to start a new life Relocated to a place where political beliefs were accepted

17. African American Population Britain offered land and freedom to African Americans Given smaller and poorer quality portions of land Located in separate communities and on edges of towns Not always welcomed and often faced discrimination Many did not stay