2. Raza Demographics Based on US Census 2000

3. Demographics Demographics is the study of populations Determining population trends is important to address public policy issues Statistics are developed through privately and government funded studies The largest compilation of statistics is through the US Census

4. U.S. Census Required in U.S. Constitution Article 1, §2: …[E]numeration shall be made…within every subsequent Term of ten Years… Redistricting is one of the basic reason for the census Every ten years political boundaries are redefined Complications Identity & nomenclature Undercount Political wrangle over sampling

5. Identity issues The Latino population is very diverse. 16 sending countries Variety of immigration issues Impact on Political Participation Is there a Latino vote? Diversity in terms of social & political issues

6. Umbrella terms These are the terms used to group generally Most in this category fall under a “mixed race” category or mestizaje Hispanic Latino La Raza

7. Hispanic Hispanic is the term used on the U.S. Census By most accounts, the term was introduced by the Nixon administration To identify Spanish-Speaking population in U.S. Problem is that many “Hispanics” don’t speak Spanish Not a racial category, but more of an ethnic one Based on linguistic heritage as opposed to language Term encompasses a large and diverse group of people 16 countries and a range of immigration patterns Therefore, “Hispanic” does not indicate unified set of cultural characteristics Many reject the term because it refers to only one part of their heritage -- European

8. Latino An umbrella term identifying people with a heritage related to Latin American countries Also refers to linguistic heritage of Romance Languages Many people use this term to identify themselves to each other Also Eurocentric, but generally more acceptable More self-defined Latin@ is the non-gender specific term, used in the last five years

9. La Raza “ Raza” literally means “race” or colloquially, “the people” Figuratively refers to the Spanish conquest of the indigenous Indians of Mexico and the resulting mestizaje the mixed racial and ethnic identity of indigenous, European and African heritage unique to the Americas. The term Raza was popularized by Mexican educator, Jose Vasconcellos who wrote about La Raza Cosmica to inclusively refer to a new "race" of people born out of the neo-columbian New World. The Raza Studies Department was originally named La Raza Studies to establish an inclusive identity for the uniquely San Francisco mix of Chicanos, Puerto Ricans, Mexicanos, Central and South Americans living primarily in San Francisco's Mission District. See, http://www.sfsu.edu/~raza {FAQ’s}http://www.sfsu.edu/~raza

10. Mexican-American (Chicano) Refers to Americans of Mexican heritage: Mexican, Mexican American, Mexicano/a, Chicano, etc. Chicano Political connotation, refers to acknowledgement of exploitation in U.S. as well as unique cultural attributes Chican@ and Xican@ are other variations People of Mexican origin comprise approximately 66% of the U.S. Hispanic Population Current Population Survey, March 2000 U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division, Ethnic & Hispanic Statistics Branch

11. “Mexican heritage” covers diverse group Identifies Americans of Mexican heritage as well as Mexican Nationals residing in the US Covers everyone from recent immigrants to conquered families in the Southwest after 1848 Note the Birth Certificate image The COLOR category is “Mexican” Substantial Diversity among Mexican heritage sub-group Language Citizenship Health outcomes

12. Mexican-American (Chicano) continued Low socio-economic indicators Largest of all Hispanic groups with longest history in U.S. Immigration motivated by economic reasons

13. Puerto Ricans Puerto Rico is a US territory 9% of Hispanic population in mainland U.S. is Puertoriqueño Highest population density is in: New York, New Jersey, Chicago & Florida Already citizens Migrate for economic reasons Nuyorican, Boricua

14. Central Americans Refers to people from separate distinct countries in Central America Highest numbers from El Salvador, Nicaragua & Guatemala Civil wars countries of origin created conditions for immigration wave in the 80’s Immigration based on both economic and political reasons 15% of Hispanics in the US are Central or South American Highest population density is in San Francisco, Los Angeles, Chicago, Houston, Washington, D.C. and New York Socio-economic status: mixed because of immigration reasons Census lumps Central Americans with South Americans

15. Cubans 4% of Hispanics in the US are Cuban. Several waves of immigration Pre-Revoution: immigraton for economic reasons Post-Revolution: Immigraton for political reasons 1st wave: Elites 2nd wave: Professional class 3rd wave: Marielistas Highest rate of HS graduation and income

16. Emerging & past immigration trends Carribbean Dominican Republic South Americans Peru Colombia Ecuador Chile (70’s)

17. Top Ten Latino States Estimated 4/1/90 |-----7/1/99-----| Hispanic Population|--4/1/90 to 7/1/99--| Rank of Population, Estimates Numeric Percent Percent Percent Rank STATE 7/1/99 Base Change Change Hispanic Hispanic 1 CALIFORNIA 10,459,616 7,704,348 2,755,268 35.8 31.6 2 2 TEXAS 6,045,430 4,339,874 1,705,556 39.3 30.2 3 3 NEW YORK 2,660,685 2,213,943 446,742 20.2 14.6 8 4 FLORIDA 2,334,403 1,574,148 760,255 48.3 15.4 6 5 ILLINOIS 1,276,193 904,449 371,744 41.1 10.5 10 6 ARIZONA 1,084,250 688,355 395,895 57.5 22.7 4 7 NEW JERSEY 1,027,277 747,737 279,540 37.4 12.6 9 8 NEW MEXICO 708,407 579,227 129,180 22.3 40.7 1 9 COLORADO 603,582 424,309 179,273 42.3 14.9 7 10 MASSACHUSETTS 390,947 287,561 103,386 36.0 6.3 19

18. Latino Origin by State

19. Latino Population by State

20. Hispanic Increase by State The numeric and percentage increase in the nation's Hispanic population between the 1990 and 2000 censuses was respectively, 13.0 million & 58%. Hispanics accounted for 40 % of the increase in the nation's total population during this period.

21. Chavalitos by State The median age of the Hispanic population in 2000 is 25.9, meaning one-half were above this midpoint and one-half, below. Among Hispanic groups, median age ranged from 24.2 years for Mexicans to 40.7 years for Cubans. The median age for the entire U.S. population was 35.3 years.

22. Featured Public Policy issue: Education 12 million of the Hispanic population were under 18 Educational attainment lags behind non-hispanic whites Among Hispanics,Mexicans, 25 year and older had the lowest proportion of HS diplomas Cubans, 25 year and older had the highest proportion of Hispanics with a bachelor’s degree

23. Take the Quiz The US Census has prepared a quiz to test your knowledge,check it out: Try the pop quiz by clicking here

24. Bibliography U.S, Census: Sternad, Hispanic, Latino, Mexican-American and Chicano Labeling