1. Increasing expression one word at a time Increasing expression one word at a time

2.   humiliation, disappointment, irritation  Synonyms : shame, distress, embarrassment, mortification (mort uh fuh KAY shun) chagrin (shuh GRIN)

3.   French origin: rough leather or sharkskin  This rough material was used as an abrasive, which causes distress on an object chagrin

4.   insincere talk; special language of a social class, trade, or profession  Synonyms : insincerity, phoniness, empty talk, slang, technical language, jargon (JAR gun) cant (KANT)

5.   Latin: cantus (song): this acquired a negative connotation because some believed that the clergy who chanted were insincere  Andrew Cant: Scottish preacher, known for viciously persecuting religious opponents while praying for their souls helped propel this negative association cant

6.   short-lived, fleeting, lasting a very short time  Synonyms : momentary, brief, temporary, fading, transitory, (TRAN suh tor ee) ephemeral ( ih FEM uh rul )

7.   Greek: epi – upon + hemera – day ephemeral

8.   skillful, clever  Synonyms : skilled, nimble, efficient, able, adroit (uh DROIT)  Dexterous and sinister have linked etymologies dexterous (DEK stuh rus, DEK strus)

9.   threatening, wicked, evil  Synonyms: menacing, frightening, unfavorable, villainous, treacherous, malevolent (muh LEV uh lunt) sinister (SIN uh stur)

10.   Shows how the world favors right handed people over left handed people:  Latin dexter means right, right-handed  Surgeons and pianists have manual dexterity (a praise) While… dexterous

11.   Latin: sinister – left, left-handed  Clumsy dancers are said to have two left feet. sinister

12.  Root Words  Helio –sun  heliocentric  Phil – love  Philosophy; philanthropy  Retro – backward  Retrospective; retroactive  Ambul – to walk  Ambulatory; ambulance  Val- to be strong  Valiant; valor