1. THE STALIN REVOLUTION (CON’T) THE GREAT TERROR

2. THE STALIN REVOLUTION (CON’T) THE GREAT TERROR Origins and Consequences  Purge of Party members  Targets: Sergei Kirov, killed Dec. 1934 Lev Kamenev, executed 1936 Grigorii Zinoviev, executed 1936 Stalin accuses at a “show trial”

3. THE STALIN REVOLUTION (CON’T) THE GREAT TERROR Origins and Consequences  Army (especially officers)  Targets: Marshal Mikhail Tukhashevky, executed 1937

4. THE STALIN REVOLUTION (CON’T) THE GREAT TERROR Origins and Consequences  Intellectuals, artists, writers, religious figures  Targets: Poet Osip Mandelstam, executed 1938

5. THE STALIN REVOLUTION (CON’T) THE GREAT TERROR Origins and Consequences  Those who expressed opposition  Targets: Arrival at the GULAG

6. THE STALIN REVOLUTION (CON’T) THE GREAT TERROR Origins and Consequences  NKVD  Targets: Lavrenti Beria Nikolai Ezhov, head of the NKVD, executed 1939 “Ezhovshchina”

7. THE STALIN REVOLUTION (CON’T) THE GREAT TERROR  Numbers of victims  Myths & Controversies:

8. THE STALIN REVOLUTION (CON’T) THE GREAT TERROR  Reduced country to stunned silence  Myths & Controversies: “Black Ravens”  Victims innocent of any opposition to Stalin Workers vote for death penalty

9. THE STALIN REVOLUTION (CON’T) THE GREAT TERROR  Terror entirely directed from center (i.e. by Stalin)  Myths & Controversies: Stalin signing death warrant Purge committee

10. THE STALIN REVOLUTION (CON’T) THE GREAT TERROR  Creation of new consciousness  Myths & Controversies:

11. THE STALIN REVOLUTION (CON’T) THE GREAT TERROR  Myths & Controversies:  Break with international communism  Break with Marxism-Leninism