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Engine Systems and Components
Ag Powers
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Objectives Identify the categories of internal combustion engine systems in class notes. Identify the components of the primary or compression systems. Describe the components of an engine’s operating system.
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Categories of internal combustion engine systems
Primary system Operating systems Accessory systems
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Primary System Creates the engine compression and converts the energy of combustion to mechanical energy. Also referred to as the compression system.
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Operating Systems Perform other engine functions.
Engine will not operate without operating systems. Also referred to as auxiliary systems. Examples: electrical system, cooling systems, etc.
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Accessory Systems Not necessary for engine operation.
When they fail, the engine is still operable. Example: power steering system
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Components of Primary System
Piston piston rings Cylinder Head gaskets Cylinder head Valves Intake and exhaust Valve springs Spring retainers Valve guides Camshaft
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Components of Operating System
Air intake system- functions to provide a source of clean air necessary for the combustion of the air-fuel mixture. Air cleaner- filtering device located on the outside of the engine. Carburetor- provides fuel and air to the engine in correct proportions and volume.
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Components of Operating Systems
Fuel System- Delivers clean and adequate amounts of fuel to the cylinder. Fuel tank Fuel filter- acts as a cleaner for the fuel that passes through it. Fuel pump- ensures that an adequate amount of fuel under the correct pressure is distributed throughout the rest of the system. Fuel injection systems- inject fuel into the combustion chamber Mechanical fuel injection systems- use mechanical type pumps Electronic fuel injection systems- use electrically operated injectors
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Components of Operating Systems
Exhaust system- Removes the exhaust gases and particles from the combustion chamber. Manages engine noise and heat transfer. Exhaust manifold Exhaust pipe Muffler
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Components of Operating Systems
Engine cooling system- Manages the heat produced by the combustion of the air-fuel mixture. Allows the engine to reach its optimum operating temperature and to maintain that temperature under varying conditions. 2 basic types: Liquid cooling system Air-cooled system
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Engine Cooling Systems
Liquid cooling system- Uses a liquid to transfer heat from engine components to the surrounding air. Radiator- heat transfer device that acts as a cooling and storage area for the liquid combination of water and antifreeze. Water pump- mechanical device that forces the coolant to flow through the system. Thermostat- flow control valve that regulates temperature inside an engine by opening and closing. Additional components of a liquid cooling system: radiator cap, water jacket, fan, fan belt, temperature gauge
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Engine Cooling Systems
Air-cooled system- transfers the heat of the engine components directly to the surrounding air. Common on small gas engines. Fins- used to increase the surface area in contact with the air so that engine heat can be transferred more efficiently. Shroud- engine cover that directs cooling air across the engine fins. Fan- force air through the engine cooling system.
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Components of Operating Systems
Ignition system- Starts the combustion of air-fuel mixture. Compression ignition system- No unique parts; part of the compression system Spark ignition system- Uses a high voltage electrical spark to ignite the compressed air and fuel mixture in the combustion chamber. 2 types: Magneto-type ignition systems Battery-type ignition systems
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Spark Ignition Systems
Magneto- type ignition systems- use magnets and coils to generate electrical pressure to arc the spark plug. Flywheel magnet creates a magnetic field which cuts across the armature and coil assembly as the flywheel rotates, inducing voltage into the primary circuit.
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Spark Ignition Systems
Battery-type ignition system- Uses the energy from a battery and/or alternator to create the ignition spark.
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Components of Operating Systems
Lubrication system- Keeps internal engine parts coated with oil to: Reduce friction Enhance cooling Seal internal engine components Clean internal parts Basic components Oil filter Pressure regulator Oil pans Oil pump
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Components of Operating Systems
Starting system- Used to turn the engine crankshaft until the engine starts. Manual starting systems- Common on small gas engines Manually turning the crankshaft. Rope starter Electrical starting systems- Solenoid-type switch controls the correct amount of voltage going to the starter. Flywheel-
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