1. University of Bremen Collaborative Research Center “Transformations of the State” Project B4 Regulation and Legitimation in the Internet Slide 1 Hybrid Regimes, Power, and Legitimacy in Global Governance Insights from Internet Privacy Regulation Ralf Bendrath University of Bremen Collaborative Research Center “Transformations of the State” ralf.bendrath@sfb597.uni-bremen.de http://bendrath.blogspot.com ralf.bendrath@sfb597.uni-bremen.de http://bendrath.blogspot.com

2. University of Bremen Collaborative Research Center “Transformations of the State” Project B4 Regulation and Legitimation in the Internet Slide 2 data protection regulation over time 1970s –mainframes & nation-states 1980s –international data flows & internationalization 1990s –transnational corporations & supranationalization 2000s –global governance & hybridization

3. University of Bremen Collaborative Research Center “Transformations of the State” Project B4 Regulation and Legitimation in the Internet Slide 3 Data Protection Regulation (a small selection) National law Council of Europe Convention National law OECD Guidelines EU Directive Safe Harbor Agreement TRUSTe Web Seal GBDe recommendations Binding Corporate Rules MSFT Software Guidelines

4. University of Bremen Collaborative Research Center “Transformations of the State” Project B4 Regulation and Legitimation in the Internet Slide 4 Hybrid Data Protection Regulation National law EU Directive Safe Harbor List TRUSTe Web Seal Company FTC EU Commission & DP Commissioners National law US DOT Safe Harbor Agreement Technical Standards Technical Enforcement

5. University of Bremen Collaborative Research Center “Transformations of the State” Project B4 Regulation and Legitimation in the Internet Slide 5 Power and Authority EU as the core –you don‘t have to do trade with EU citizens‘ data Corporations and BCRs –you don‘t have to buy MSFT products Intermediaries –you don‘t have to subscribe to TRUSTe‘s service Or do you?

6. University of Bremen Collaborative Research Center “Transformations of the State” Project B4 Regulation and Legitimation in the Internet Slide 6 Constitutionalization? exit, voice, loyalty (Albert O. Hirschman) the less you can exit, the more you need voice where do the voices join and become a polity? which polity decides about conflicting values? Aristotle –polity as rule by the many in the interests of the whole community –the ideal form of government somewhere between oligarchy and democracy decentralized governance - central decisions?