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Futures Markets Update
Julie Winkler March 25, 2009
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Outline Background on CME Group and Product Development Process
Current Market Landscape Developments in Commodity Markets New Developing Markets - Emissions markets Career Opportunities
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CME Group Overview #1 derivatives exchange in the U.S. and globally by 2008 volume Founded in 1898 2008 Pro Forma(1) Revenue of $3.1bn Strong record of growth, both organically and through acquisitions CBOT Holdings (2007) NYMEX Holdings (2008) Deep liquidity in futures and options Execution and clearing services for interest rates, equities, energy, commodities, FX, metals Worldwide distribution through CME Globex Proven CME Clearing Listed futures and options OTC products via CME ClearPort In this presentation, pro forma results for CME Group assume the acquisitions of CBOT and NYMEX were completed as of the beginning of the period presented. See the CME Group Inc. Reconciliation of GAAP to Pro Forma Non-GAAP Measures available on our Web site under the Investor Relations section for detail related to the adjustments made to reach the pro forma results. 3 3
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Diverse Customers Managing Risk
Diverse Product Portfolio and Customer Base Diverse Products Diverse Customers Managing Risk Customers, utilizing a wide range of trading goals and strategies for both hedging and speculating, include: Q Pro Forma Revenue Mix Foreign Exchange 4% Commodities & Other 7% Proprietary trading firms, primarily algorithmic Equities 28% 34% Proprietary trading of banks and investment banks Energy 21% 16% Notes and Bonds 10% 8% Top 25 Hedge Funds Other - includes smaller member firms and individual traders 22% Metals 3% Eurodollars 9% Quote Fees 13% Non-members, including: Pension funds Index funds Long-only mutual funds Insurance companies Corporates Active individual traders Other Revenue 5% 20% All five segments had a reduction in trading activity from Q308 to Q408, but the proportion of the segments remained relatively stable Of the five segments, the non-member segment dropped the least and the hedge funds dropped the most from Q308 to Q408 Note: Customer segmentation percentages are Q408 estimates and reflect legacy CME and CBOT products only 4
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Overview of CME Group Research & Product Development (RPD)
Historically CME Group’s primary product development efforts were for exchange listed products on CME Globex and floor Changing marketplace has sparked need for innovation in clearing only offerings for the OTC market like Cleared Interest Rate Swaps and Credit Default Swaps RPD Team has responsibility for global product development for all CME Group asset classes: Commodities, Energy, Metals, Interest Rates and Credit, Equity Indexes, FX, Alternative Products, and Environmental Products for Green Exchange There are 30 RPD resources currently located in Chicago, New York, London, and Singapore to facilitate new product development, maintenance of our existing product suite, and general research and educational needs for our customers and employees
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Overview of Product Development Process for Exchange Traded Offerings
New Product Idea Comes from study of security, commodity and OTC market trends Input received from members, customers, independent innovators, index providers, partners, other staff, anywhere Stage 1: Product Assessment completed by RPD If “Go”, then RPD completes Stage 2: Feasibility Study If “Go”, then proceed with internal and external approval process (CFTC or other regulator, if required) RPD and Sales business owners proceed with marketing launch and internal technical setup process for New Product Launch of New Product Post-launch marketing and product support/modification
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Key Questions When Developing New Products
Product Design Develop a design which addresses market characteristics, delivery and trading issues Generally prefer deliverable contract to keep it “honest,” but do often resort to cash settlement Identify clear industry standards already in use and mirror futures contract after these standards; this will help foster acceptance of product Market Description Ideally looking for a large, competitive cash market Market size, in outstanding value or turnover, is obvious criteria albeit without hard standards Positive trends in size and turnover of interest (growing market size with increasing turnover of interest) Market structure broadly categorized as competitive, oligopolistic, monopolistic Presence of many prospective natural buyers and sellers is ideal Volatility produces speculative opportunity and need to hedge Ideal market incorporates long-term trends and significant intra-day ranges
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Key Questions (cont.) Product Alternatives Customer Evaluation
Identify related products that with high correlations that can be used as a cross-hedge Basis risks, liquidity of alternate hedge vehicles Customer Evaluation Survey and assess customer demand by conducting trade calls with different types of potential customers (ideally 5-10 calls) Standardize survey questions so everyone is making the inquiries in the same way Document the research efforts so you can identify what participants have the most interest and are likely to be earlier adopters Identify willing market makers to provide two-sided quotes Strategic Positioning Consider experience of other exchanges, OTC competition, etc. and how that impacts this product introduction Evaluate if this new product supports an exchange strategic initiative
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Current Market Landscape
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Uncertain Macroeconomic Environment in 2009
ADV trending up so far in Q1 2009 CME Group Pro Forma ADV by Month (round turns in millions) Opportunities Significant Treasury debt issuance Stabilization in credit, mortgage and corporate debt markets Redeployment of capital High, but moderating volatility levels Customer recognition of the value of CME Group services 10.8 To Date Average daily volume across all product lines up from January 2009 to February 2009 to date Interest Rates up 15% E-mini Equities up 14% Equity Standard up 14% FX up 10% Commodities/Alt. Inv. Up 21% Energy/Metals up 10%
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“ We were right then and we are right now.”
Current Perceptions “ All markets need more transparency.” “ Markets would be safer if they were all on a regulated exchange.” “ OTC markets are opaque and risky.” “ In 1994 we sounded a number of clear warnings …to assure this rapidly growing [OTC] market did not result in systemic problems for our economy.” “ OTC markets have had dire consequences… in contrast our markets have been a net positive for the economy.” “superiority” “ OTC markets can be fixed with several key changes.” There are many perceptions of us as nothing close to a true partner of our customers, particularly in the investment banking community. Some of that perception is just that – perception But some of it has been caused by our efforts to promote our markets above all else Statements we’ve said or that have been attributed to us have created confusion at the very best and done significant harm at the very worst, particularly because these are the very people we’re trying to attract to our OTC initiatives today “ We were right then and we are right now.” “ Banks key to CDS delay”
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Plain Vanilla Credit Default Swap (CDS)
Protection Buyer (PB) agrees to make quarterly payments to the Protection Seller (PS). In exchange for this quarterly “swap” payment, the PB establishes the right to sell the reference obligation (e.g., a bond or note) issued by a reference entity (e.g., a corporation or a sovereign entity) to the PS at the agreed upon notional value frequently established at par, if a credit event should occur. PB is reducing or hedging the credit risk component of the reference bond by transferring the credit risk to the PS. The PB’s asset remains subject to non-credit related elements of market risk.
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CDS Market is Contracting from $57T in mid-2008
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Key Constituents in the Financial Markets
Many players which are part of the global financial eco-sphere, which are key to the trade facilitation process and functioning of our financial markets. Prime Brokers Brokers/ IDBs Bank, Dealer & Broker Execs Trade Facilitators Banks/ Dealers Customers/ Hedgers Execution Venues Regulators and Central Banks Traders FCMs/ Clearing Firms Service Bureaus Back Office
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Market Demand for Clearing Services has Changed
Operational maturity and market dynamics developed considerably from There wasn’t a core demand for central counterparty CME used a platform approach to OTC (execution and clearing) Central execution (CLOB) is not always the best place to quote markets The nature and value of central counterparty has changed Nationalization effects the risk taking and compensation for trading of the major Dealers – major deleveraging has taken place Due to credit line reductions, mutualization of risk must occur in order to restore markets Funds now concerned about their exposure to the banks and prime brokers Opportunity to partner with sell-side to rebuild confidence in the markets, but still not easy
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OTC Competitive Landscape
ICE LCH Euronext/ Liffe Eurex LME CCX ICDG AgoraX NASDAQ OMX Credit FX IR Environ. Energy Metals Ags Equities
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OTC Clearing is Part of a 3-Pronged Offering
Primary venue is either liquid Central Limit Order Book on an electronic platform or open outcry Blocks and EFPs facilitate alternative/OTC executions S&P 500 Options Eurodollar Futures Corn futures Standard Product Products in cash terms, with futures market protections Clearing of custom versions of core products Longer and flexible dates Flexible delivery points User-Defined Swaps EFP/EFS/EFR and SUB trade types Flexible execution platform Build on deep liquidity of base markets Hybrid OTC / Futures Swap Futures with “adjustable” coupon Flexible Treasury Options Energy on ClearPort Messaging to PB/Dealers: Some pure OTC markets are too exotic or bespoke and we do NOT plan on entering Execution venue agnostic Products in quoted & captured in cash terms Clearing of bespoke products, broadly flexible Flexible execution platform Unique delivery/settlement mechanisms Pure OTC Credit Default Swaps Gold Forwards
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Creating OTC Customer Value
CME Group’s open clearing service provides the operational and risk management efficiencies of a central counterparty, offering a market driven solution for OTC customers which: Virtually eliminate counterparty risk CME Group acts as the central counterparty to all transactions Market Expansion – Expands access to more OTC market participants, opening credit lines and creating potential trading opportunities Decrease cost and increase operational efficiencies Balance Sheet Efficiencies – Exchange-style daily marking of positions dramatically reduces the need to allocate balance sheet to cover bi-lateral counterparty limits Cross Margin Efficiencies – Offset cleared OTC positions with Futures and Options positions Reduction of Documentation – Eliminates costly and cumbersome ISDA documentation Access a full range of cleared OTC products
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Vital OTC Systems to Integrate to Clearing House
Target Entity IRS FX Credit Energy / Metals Ags Equities Bank Trading Desks (Dealers) Asset-specific Proprietary Prime Brokers IDBs ICAP TFS-ICAP, ICAP, etc 40+ Key Brokers Key Brokers Execution Platforms / Affirmation & STP MarkitWire Reuters, EBS DTCC Deriv/SERV ConfirmHub Pivot Customers / Hedgers Buy-Side / Corporates Buy-Side / Props Buy-Side Commercial / Props Commercial / Merchants / Props Buy-Side / HFs / Props Clearing Firms No Support Yet Options Support Needed Limited Support Today Futures Service Bureaus R&N, SunGard Day 1 support today Options & true notional support needed Wag The Dog, No Support Yet
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Regulatory and Central Banks Efforts
Many products require similar application with CFTC or other governing bodies Approval Required Review Desired IRS CFTC SEC, FSA, FOA Credit CFTC, Fed, SEC FSA, FOA FX FSA, NY Fed, Bank of England, HKMA, Bank of Japan, BIS, many other foreign monetary bodies Energy / Metals Commodities Equities
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Commodity Markets
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Fundamental Changes in Commodity Markets
Basic supply and demand principles in commodity markets are resulting in higher prices and greater price volatility: Weather and disease limiting supply Growing demand from developing countries Falling U.S. dollar Higher input costs related to increasing energy prices Agricultural markets are undergoing tremendous change, development, and adjustment. Traditional risk management tools have been forward-looking 1-3 crop years. Higher risk resulted in market participants looking toward additional price risk management tools and longer-term protection. Hedging needs have also become more individualistic and are not as easily satisfied by standardized futures contracts where contract terms are standardized and liquidity is concentrated within the first couple of crop years. Instead, some market participants have looked to specialized swap dealers in the over-the-counter (OTC) market. Biofuel production increases Limited additional farmland in the short run Restrictive export policies from some major exporters
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Agricultural Commodity Stocks Are Extremely Low
Current ratio versus the 10-year average ratio: Corn at 13% vs. 21% Wheat at 19% vs. 27% Soybean at 21% vs. 21% World Stocks-to-Use Ratio Soybean Wheat Corn 21% 19% 13% Source:
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Events Impacting Corn Prices Since June 2006
Global supply concerns increase, as consumption rises faster than production. World stocks-to-use ratio at historical low in 2007 at 14.2% and projected to decline further to 12.6% in 2008. Prices stabilize due to largest planted crop since Over 93 million acres planted. Battle for acreage due to increase in renewable fuels mandates. Overall macro economic weakness has adversely affected commodity prices during the last half of 2008
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Annual Volume Turnover for Exchange Traded Commodity Derivatives
Over Regulating US Commodity Markets Will Encourage Flow to the Already Active OTC Markets and Overseas Exchanges 112% growth in OTC commodities in two years while overseas exchange traded commodity market is now 57% of global annual volume OTC commodity market is estimated at 5 times the size of the exchange traded commodity market Amounts Outstanding of OTC “Other” Commodity Forwards, Swaps, and Options (including energy) Annual Volume Turnover for Exchange Traded Commodity Derivatives *Through September 2008 Source: BIS
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Benefits of Ag OTC Products
Commodity forwards, swaps, and options are being transacted in the OTC space on a variety of enumerated commodities including corn, soybeans, wheat, dairy, and meat. Since OTC swaps are not guaranteed by centralized clearing, these market participants can be at risk for default. One potential solution to this problem is to have centralized clearing for these OTC swaps. Market participants are turning to CME Group and asking for central counterparty clearing for these types of OTC instruments in the agricultural sector. Currently CFTC Rules prohibit exchanges from clearing agricultural OTC swaps. If the CFTC grants exemptions to exchanges to clear agricultural OTC swaps, these tools can be available to more market participants without the risk of counterparty default. Introduction of cleared ag OTC products will provide market participants with new products to help them manage increasingly volatile basis risk, price exposure, and counterparty risk.
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Definition of a Swap A swap is an agreement between counterparties to exchange cash flows over some period of time. The oldest and most popular swaps are exchanges of interest rates. A commodity swap is similar to an interest rate swap, but the parties are exchanging a fixed price for a commodity with a floating or variable price for the commodity. Ethanol producer agrees to pay the farmer a fixed price of $5 per bushel for corn. In return, farmer agrees to pay ethanol producer a variable price for corn. For example, the price of CBOT Corn futures on the day the swap expires. Assuming the swap expires on April 30, on that day the ethanol producer will pay the farmer $5 per bushel for corn and the farmer will pay the ethanol producer the settlement price on May CBOT Corn futures on April 30. Commodity swaps are usually settled financially and there is no physical delivery.
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Emissions Markets
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Overview of the Emissions Markets
Term Definition Example Emissions Trading A market-based approach to control & reduce pollution. The EPA NOx Trading Program requires electric power emitters to achieve a reduction on 10 million tons per year below 1980 emissions. Cap- and-Trade The central mechanism for emissions trading programs. Cap-and-trade programs set a pollution cap based on a prior year. Since 1992, the EPA SO2Trading Program was the first Federal cap-and-trade emissions trading program. Compliance and Voluntary Emissions trading programs are either compliance or voluntary. Compliance programs account for the majority of emissions trading volume. The world voluntary carbon market consists of the Chicago Climate Exchange (CCX) and the OTC market.
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Current State of the Emissions Market
Largest multi-national, carbon trading program is the European Union Emission Trading Scheme (ETS), which began in 1995 under Kyoto. The second trading period began in Jan 2008 and will last until Dec 2012. The ETS covers over 10,000 EU energy and industrial installations. These covered facilities account for an estimated 50% of CO2 and greenhouse gas EU emissions. Covered emitters are allocated allowances by EU member states without charge. The total allowances provided to the states equal the allocated member state cap for the emitter. In addition, the emitter may purchase ETS allowances from others. Excess allowances can be sold to physical or financial market participants without restriction. In the first nine months of 2008, over 2 billion ETS allowances transacted with a notional value of $69 billion. Carbon-based futures/options, as well as OTC products, allow project developers to finance their efforts and hedge against price declines of the credits that will flow over multiple years. These products also aid emitters under compliance programs to manage their exposure to rising allowance and credit prices.
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Global Emissions Market Performance
Currently, the global emissions trading is focused on carbon allowances, EUAs, with 72% of the market. Certified Emission Reductions (CER’s) make up the remaining 19%. In 2009 as compared to 2008, there have been nearly 60% increases in Futures OTC (OTC cleared by Exchange) and in Futures Screen transactions (electronically traded & cleared by Exchange). Options activity has decreased over 40% YOY. 2008 Global Emissions Market Cleared Futures Volumes by Product Source: CME Group. Note this data aggregates ECX, CCFE, BlueNext, Nord Pool and Green Exchange.
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Competitive Landscape
Competitor Overview February 2009 Volume Climate Exchange, PLC (CLE) includes: Chicago Climate Exchange (CCX), Chicago Climate Futures Exchange (CCFE), and European Climate Exchange (ECX). CCX operates a voluntary cap and trade system. CCFE is a CFTC regulated futures exchange focusing on U.S. based environmental contracts. ECX operates the preeminent global emissions exchange focused on compliance certificates for the EU ETS and related markets. CCX traded 74,079 CFI contracts*, up 124% over Jan. CCFE traded 56,429 futures and options contracts, up 13% over Jan volume was up71% over 2007. ECX traded 447,135 EUA and CER contracts, up 55% over Jan. Feb ADV was 22,357contracts. BlueNext: An exchange created by NYSE Euronext and Caisse des Dépôt . Primarily an European exchange, but plans to extend its business to Asia and North American in the near future. Trades EUA and CER Spot and Futures BN traded 228,637 EUA and CER contracts, up 74% over Jan. The historical volume of BN is predominantly spot transactions. Nord Pool: Owned by NASDAQ OMX Commodities. Power exchange and clearing house which provides trading, clearing and delivery of EUA and CER contracts. NP traded 5,800 CER and EUA contracts, up 222% over Jan. . European Energy Exchange (EEX): Formed from merger of the Leipzig Power Exchange & European Energy Exchange in 2002. Offers spot and derivatives trading on power, gas, emission allowances and coal. Settlement ensured by an independent clearing house – ECC AG, an EEX subsidiary, and Eurex . Specific volumes not available * Note: All EUA and CER contracts are 1,000 metric tons of CO2, except for the CCX CFI contract is 100 metric tons of CO2.
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Green Exchange Value Proposition and Objectives
Create an environmental product revenue stream by providing a compelling mix of industry-leading execution platforms and CME Group clearing in partnership with unparalleled liquidity providers and product experts Strategic Objectives Position CME Group to gain significant share of the rapidly growing environmental derivatives markets Partner with a small group of leading institutions to drive liquidity and quality product design Offer a compelling mix of platform, product and liquidity ready for the advent of U.S. compliance markets Focus on European markets in 2008 to 2010 Initiate long-term U.S. market development activities Informed industry observers believe the US carbon market could grow to 2-3 times the European market.
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Green Exchange Overview (cont.)
Current Activity for 17 Products Listed 42,600 in total volume (3/17/08 – 3/3/09) 2,233 YTD volume for 2009 ADV for 2008 = 189; ADV for 2009 = 77 Green Exchange Key Offerings Committed liquidity and order flow from core partners Superior product design driven by industry feedback Cross-margining with other CMEG energy products Superior technology, distribution and clearing Next Steps Finalize documentation with 13 GX partners Close partnership agreement with TBD European commercial participant Executive Committee to work with management to finalize definitive agreements Green Exchange will be a separate entity with a CFTC regulatory designation (DCM)
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U.S. Legislative Strategy Overview
Objective Ensure the near term enactment of a U.S. cap and trade bill that supports a healthy carbon derivatives market. Challenge Politics, public policy goals and the complexity of the issues associated with cap and trade are factors in the outcome of the legislative process. Strategy Work closely with Congress, the Administration, and influential NGOs and trade associations to ensure that features essential to the Green Exchange business model are incorporated. We must operate as if a federal cap and trade bill will be enacted in 2009
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View of Optimal Cap & Trade Design Based on U. S
View of Optimal Cap & Trade Design Based on U.S. recent legislative proposals Carbon Market Fundamentals Broad Scope of Coverage International Linkage of Trading Schemes Adequate Banking of Allowances Fair and Efficient Allowance Allocation High Quality Offsets Market-Friendly Cost Containment Provisions Short Compliance Periods / Long-term Program Timetable Third-Party Verification of Emissions Data Effective Oversight by EPA & CFTC
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Current U.S. Legislative Landscape
SENATE Feinstein FERC Oversight Limited allowance of OTC trading McCain-Lieberman Strategic reserve to address price concerns Large scale/upstream focus Environment & Public Works (Boxer) Large scale Will “punt” on regulator Agriculture Role for farmers/USDA Could push for separate Ag standards or carve outs HOUSE Energy & Commerce (Waxman) Asserts that committee will have bill by Memorial day Will give oversight to FERC Agriculture (Peterson) Current derivatives bill gives CFTC authority for carbon allowances and offsets and effectively requires that they trade on exchange ADMINISTRATION EPA Threatens to use CAA authorities to regulate carbon Administrator calling for economy-wide cap & trade White House Call for market-based cap 2010 Budget assumes 100% auction revenue USDA Eco-Services Role in Ag & forestry offsets
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Career Opportunities in Financial Services
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Various Opportunities in Financial Services based on Current Trends
Trading and Technology Industry continues to be driven by technology Chicago is a key to these developments given its rich history of risk takers resulting in a vibrant algorithmic trading community Technology is over 50% of the Exchange staff at CME Group Clearing, Risk Management, Audits, Investigations Increased focused on regulation, market oversight, and integrity so many opportunities for positions which support these risk management functions within the financial services industry Good background to learn about the industry without direct industry experience Regulators – CFTC, SEC, NFA, FNRA More funding expected for these regulatory agencies will lead to openings
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