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Unit 2-5 Africa and the Americas 500 B.C.E C.E.

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Presentation on theme: "Unit 2-5 Africa and the Americas 500 B.C.E C.E."— Presentation transcript:

1 Unit 2-5 Africa and the Americas 500 B.C.E.- 1200 C.E.

2 The Kingdom of Meroe 800 B.C.E. – 350 C.E.
Nubia is located in the Nile Valley between tropical Africa and the Mediterranean world. Natural Resources: gold, precious stones, and copper

3 In the 4th century B.C.E. the kingdom moved its capital to Meroe. Why?
For a time the Nubians ruled Egypt as the 25th dynasty ( B.C.E.). In the 4th century B.C.E. the kingdom moved its capital to Meroe. Why? Egyptian culture faded during the Meroe period Matrilineal family system, queens often were influential Dominated trade routes Technology: reservoirs and iron smelting Better for trade and agriculture;

4 Aksum By 50 C.E. a substantial state emerged based on Red Sea and Indian Ocean trade. Animal products Taxes were a major source of revenue Christianity Linked to Christians in Egypt (Coptic Church) Decline: deforestation, soil exhaustion and rise of Islam.

5 Bantu Africa Self-conscious migration not a conquest
Farmers replaced foragers in Classical Era Advantages of farmers Numbers Disease Iron Changes: languages, trade networks Agriculture: yams, bananas, coconut, sugarcane (Indonesian sailors) Domestication: sheep and cattle

6 Est. political authority Religion: less emphasis on distant God figure, more on ancestor, rituals, charms, witchcraft, and sacrifice

7 Classical Era Culture and Society in Mesoamerica 200-900

8 The Maya , in modern day Guatemala, Honduras, Belize, and south Mexico. However: Agricultural productivity Elevated fields, terrace fields Forest resources Irrigation systems Guatemala, Honduras, Belize, and southern Mexico. They never unified and fought each other for regional dominance.

9 Large city states Religion Military Women Impressive monuments
Simple technology Religion Three layers: rulers/elites served as priests Military Captives, not territory. Why? Women Elite Non-Elite Levers and stone tools; heavens, human, and underworld; sacrifice, bloodletting, fasting, hallucunating rituals, elite women-bloodletting rituals- 2 ruling women, non elite- agricultural or textile production- all women played a signifigant role in house and religious roles

10 Technology The most important developments were the calendar, math, and _______. Collapse Reasons: disruption of trade, overpopulation, and disease Calandar, math, writing system; disruption of mesoamerican trade, upon the fall of the Teotihuacan, overpopulation, and disease. Calander long time- important in mesoamerican society

11 Teotihuacan Large Mesoamerican city from 450 C.E.-600 C.E.. It population was 125,000 to 200,000. Dominated by religious structures, including pyramids and human sacrifice. 125k, 200k

12 Agricultural innovation
Farming families Irrigation Chinampas Lodging Apartment-like buildings Commoners: Residential compounds Elites: Forced to move to city, floating gardens; commoners made pottery, obsidian tools and weapons; controlled state bureaucracy, tax collection, and commerce

13 Government Collapse in 650: Family v. Kings Goals of military:
Families ruled the nation; they ruled weak kings that were figureheads. No single ruler!!To protect long distance trade and ensure farmers paid taxes or tribute to elite; mismanagement of resources, conflict with elite, and invasion

14 Early South American Civilization: Chavin 900 B.C.E.-250 B.C.E.
Chavin were the first major urban civilization in South America Combination of military and appeal of religious system explains its influence over its territory Possessed all the essential characteristics of later Andean civilizations, including a clan based system of labor. Evidence suggest that increased warfare led to the fall of Chavin around 200 B.C.E.

15 Moche Peru 200 C.E. , had mit’a labor
system to produce a range of crops. Maize, beans, quinoa Stratified and theocratic Power in the elite priests and military leaders Artisans were skilled in textiles, portrait vases, and metallurgy. Gold, silver, copper alloy Fall: Social hierarchy and priests and military controled wealth; earthquakes, flooding, droughts and war


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