1. AMOLED TECHNOLOGY MEEN 3344 By Mark Benavides

2. What is AMOLED? AMOLED is an acronym that stands for Active Matrix Organic Light Emitting Diode. It is lighter and thinner than LCD and LED, and uses less voltage. AMOLED is a derivative of OLED technology, which itself is a derivative of Light Emitting Diode Technology. Light Emitting Diodes, or LEDs, are semiconducting material that emit light using “electro- luminescence.” This happens when electric current passes through the material. OLED technology builds on this concept by using carbon based material as the semiconductor. Electroluminescence is achieved by passing a current through a layer of organic material to produce light against a transparent panel. 12

3. How does AMOLED work? AMOLED works by employing an active matrix to control a system of OLED nodes, each being assigned an individual pixel in the display. The matrix is applied to a back panel, called a Thin Film Transistor, which regulates to flow of electrons to each individual pixel. The back panel is made of polycrystalline silicon and amorphous silicon. Two back panel layers will typically be employed; one acting as a voltage source and the other as a capacitor. The flow from layer to layer can be individually regulated, so for instance, a given pixel can shut itself off to render black AMOLED does not a backlight. 3 4

4. Advantages and Disadvantages of AMOLED Advantages  Higher image resolution. Richer and more vibrant colors  AMOLED uses less voltage, and devices employing AMOLED technology have better battery life. AMOLED also manages to save battery by turning off pixels to display black pixels in an image.  The displays are thinner and lighter than LCD or LED Disadvantages  The current market for AMOLED devices is almost exclusively in handheld electronics due to the manufacturing difficulties associated with creating larger displays  For instance, making AMOLD available for larger flat screen televisions would require and overhaul in the manufacturing process of the back panels.  Back panel manufacturing requires the use of an excismer laser, which is used for microelectronics, and poses problems for creating large area displays

5. AMOLED Applications AMOLED displays are used almost exclusively in displays in handheld electronics o AMOLED can be seen in many of the current generation smartphones such as the Samsung Galaxy S series o Tablets o Monitors o Handheld media devices and GPS o AMOLED televisions may also be on their way 5 6 7

6. References o Stewart, Roger Green, and Alfred Charles Ipri. "Active matrix organic light emitting diode (amoled) display pixel structure and data load/illuminate circuit therefor." U.S. Patent No. 5,952,789. 14 Sep. 1999. o http://www.electroiq.com/articles/sst/2012/07/amoled- manufacturing-improvements-to-enable-tv-market-share- grab.html http://www.electroiq.com/articles/sst/2012/07/amoled- manufacturing-improvements-to-enable-tv-market-share- grab.html o http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amoled o 4) http://ounae.com/img/ounae/2009/02/pantalla-amoled.jpghttp://ounae.com/img/ounae/2009/02/pantalla-amoled.jpg

7. Photo References  1) http://www.chemistry.wustl.edu/~edudev/LabTutorials/PeriodicProperties/ MetalBonding/images/led.jpg http://www.chemistry.wustl.edu/~edudev/LabTutorials/PeriodicProperties/ MetalBonding/images/led.jpg  2) http://static.ddmcdn.com/gif/oled-transparent.gifhttp://static.ddmcdn.com/gif/oled-transparent.gif  3) http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Nexus_one_ screen_microscope.jpg/220px-Nexus_one_screen_microscope.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Nexus_one_ screen_microscope.jpg/220px-Nexus_one_screen_microscope.jpg  4) http://tinypic.com/view.php?pic=14jszs5&s=5http://tinypic.com/view.php?pic=14jszs5&s=5  5) http://1.androidauthority.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Toshiba- Excite-7.7.jpghttp://1.androidauthority.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Toshiba- Excite-7.7.jpg  6) http://www.newlaunches.com/entry_images/0809/28/samsung_haptic_amo led-thumb-450x306.jpg http://www.newlaunches.com/entry_images/0809/28/samsung_haptic_amo led-thumb-450x306.jpg