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Indoor Environmental Quality is becoming increasingly important in all kinds of buildings – (build photos) hospitals, schools, laboratories, sports arenas, commercial buildings – virtually any public facility that shelters people and uses energy. Ingenuity IEQ is all about ingenious solutions for indoor environmental quality (build type: Ingenuity IEQ, then Ingenious Solutions for Indoor Environmental Quality)
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Update Review of Laboratory Airflow Control System
The Phoenix Controls SYSTEM Innovations in critical environmental control Energy savings applications Saving Energy at The Ohio State University A working laboratory?
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Laboratory Ventilation
But before we begin our discussion, let’s review the objectives of laboratory control. There are four primary objectives of any laboratory control system. Generally, the first one that comes to mind when we think about labs is fume hood capture and containment. This is definitely the most glamorous of issues in labs as evidenced by the many articles and videos that exist on the topic. Room pressurization is another critical control objective. Typically, labs are intended to be negative to their surroundings and we want them to stay that way without interruption. Minimum ventilation is a safety issue that is not as glamorous as fume hood control, but it is equally important for laboratory user health. Temperature control is important for the maintenance of a productive working environment, but may also be needed for experiment integrity. We want to keep these issues in mind as we discuss any laboratory control system and be sure that any controls we use meet these requirements.
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Laboratory Ventilation Key Issues
Safety ! Fume hood containment Room pressurization Speed of response to changes in airflow demand or static pressure Air Change Rates Temperature Control Energy Conservation But before we begin our discussion, let’s review the objectives of laboratory control. There are four primary objectives of any laboratory control system. Generally, the first one that comes to mind when we think about labs is fume hood capture and containment. This is definitely the most glamorous of issues in labs as evidenced by the many articles and videos that exist on the topic. Room pressurization is another critical control objective. Typically, labs are intended to be negative to their surroundings and we want them to stay that way without interruption. Minimum ventilation is a safety issue that is not as glamorous as fume hood control, but it is equally important for laboratory user health. Temperature control is important for the maintenance of a productive working environment, but may also be needed for experiment integrity. We want to keep these issues in mind as we discuss any laboratory control system and be sure that any controls we use meet these requirements.
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Accel® II Venturi Valve
Integrates over 30 years of development and experience and with over 200 improvements Specially-designed conical diffuser Inlet/Outlet insensitivity Reduced low frequency noise Wide turndown range (up to 20:1) Precise repeatable positioning No routine maintenance Made in the USA Pneumatic and electric actuators available High speed for critical applications “Normal” speed for health care and flow tracking applications Major valve body geometry change (first since it’s invention) that improves air transition path. Specially designed conical diffuser that helps minimize turbulence and allows for smoother transitions What does it do? An 8 to 15 dB typical noise reduction over the previous generation valve. Significantly quieter than any VAV damper on the market. Need for expensive, bulky silencers is eliminated! Other improvements: Increase turndown range - Now up to 20:1 No maintenance means nothing is required at the valve level, it does not eliminate the responsibility to recertify the hoods periodically.
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The Phoenix Controls Legacy “We Don’t Measure Flow”
Flow Metering vs. Flow Measuring Flow measuring has a limited range of operation. Flow measuring requires long, straight duct runs (not available in most applications). Flow measuring is prone to inaccuracies due to the caustic nature of laboratory exhaust air Flow measuring has inherent time lags due to airflow dynamics Flow measuring requires periodic maintenance
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Factory Calibration Drastically Reduces Commissioning Time
Can be pre-commissioned before supply and exhaust air is connected No sensors to set up or flows to adjust No routine maintenance requirements
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Factory Calibration
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Pressure Independence
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What Sets Us Apart Speed of Response SPEED NO
No Straight Ductwork Requirements Pressure Independence Ability to Accurately Control at Low Flows No Regular Maintenance Requirements
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Speed of Response
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No Straight Duct Runs
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Intersystem Stability
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What Sets Us Apart No Routine Maintenance Requirements
System continues safe operation System continues to save energy Drastically reduces maintenance cost Saves Money Energy Costs Maintenance Costs
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Traditional Applications
Laboratories One second speed of response Accuracy and turndown Dynamic fume hood face velocity control Accurate room pressurization No routine maintenance requirements Interface to building management system Vivariums
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Valve Enhancements Shutoff Valve
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Shut‐off Valve Low‐ or high‐speed electric Single and dual valves
Available in all classes: A, B and C Target market is vivarium spaces with low speed tracking pairs.. In the interest of time to market we developed this on: low speed electric actuation platform 10 inch single and dual valves. We think this This will satisfy the min requirements 99% of these spaces. We designed for coated valves to give us application flexibility- it was not required for Hydrogen Peroxide but we think there may be other opportunities which we’ll cover later. Celeris is the future of this company and we have invested this product in it. However, for the analog aficionados there’s no reason why this cannot operate as a stand alone network on an analog job.
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Applications Developed for VHP gaseous decontamination
Other opportunities HVAC isolation Canopies Biosafety cabinet shut‐down while unoccupied Teaching hoods Primarily for gaseous decontamination
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Low‐leakage Shut‐off Valve
Offered with the standard control features expected from Phoenix Controls Zone balance, active pressure, emergency, etc. Maintains quality and precision expected in a Phoenix Controls valve Self‐balancing, pressure‐independent operation ±5% accuracy across full range
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Applications for Low-Leakage Shut-Off Valve
Biocontainment Biocontainment spaces BSL‐3 and ABSL‐3 labs Higher‐demand vivariums Life Science Support vivarium BSC spaces
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Shut‐off Leakage (L) < 0.005 CFM—10‐inch valve!
Static Pressure (Pascal) < CFM—10‐inch valve! Static Pressure (in WC)
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Cone Assembly Pressed‐fit to cone assembly Gasket material
Class A: Neoprene Class B and C: Viton
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Benefits of Low-Leakage Shut-Off Valve
Lower‐cost alternative to an isolation or bubble‐tight blade damper Provides a "peace of mind" alternative Supports the future decontamination or isolation needs
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More Valve Enhancements
14‐inch Valve
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Applications Meets industry need for higher airflow
Open space life science labs Physical and engineering science labs Operation rooms and surgical suites Large chemistry labs Base platform for our low‑pressure offering 200 – 2500 cfm Single, dual, quad available
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Active Pressure Monitor
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Active Pressure Monitor
True differential pressure sensor Multiple pressure ranges available Accurate to " Audible alarm and mute button Adjustable alarm delay 0‐30 seconds Reversible pressure alarms (vivariums) Air valve flow switch alarm indication Form C (SPDT) alarm relay Analog output 4‐20 mA or 0‐10 volts
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Traccel/Theris System
System Enhancements Traccel/Theris System
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Airflow Why traditional VAV controls don’t work:
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Overview One valve controller with surplus I/O
Standard actuator for VAV temperature control Flow tracking with volumetric offset Superior room pressurization and directional airflow control We completely eliminated the controller on the exhaust valve. The Traccel Room Controller gets a feedback signal from a potentiometer on each valve (in contrast, two VAV tracking boxes—there is no pneumatic tubing to run between the valves, only wiring, so this reduces the installed cost). As the room temperature rises, the supply valve opens and the controller maintains a volumetric offset between the two valves by controlling their actuators. The reason why we can do this is because we don’t measure flow in the field in the traditional sense (next slide)…
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Traccel/Theris Room Controller‐TP
We think this is a better solution. You are getting Phoenix performance at VAV terminal pricing: The valves are our standard valve solution with plus or minus 5% accuracy. We have a single valve controller mounted on the supply valve and we are doing VAV temperature control with the flow tracking function taking place at the supply valve. Let’s take a closer look at that and how we streamlined the architecture.
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Traccel Tiers Traccel‐TP Traccel‐SO Traccel‐TX Tracking pair
Open space lab Support alcoves Support FH alcoves Lab office Conference room Support alcoves Tracking pair Temp control Room pressure control Isolation mode Shut‐off optional Optional Add 2 UI Humidity control Pressure monitoring Supply‐only Ducted exhaust No ability to track exhaust Traccel‐TX HVAC isolation Decontamination BSC isolation
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Solution: Pressure‐Independent Venturi
Zero maintenance Typical $50/hr for HVAC technicians Flow sensors one hour per box Opportunity costs! Potential energy savings Use high turndowns to optimize ventilation rates Example: Decrease airflow by 25 CFM/terminal unit, 8 hours/day 25 CFM x $7.50 x 8/24 hrs X = $62/box/year Cost of incorrect pressurization Annual cost to health care industry ~$5 billion Research integrity
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Traccel‐TP Multiple Temp Zones
Client Benefits Tracking pair VAV ensures directional airflow Occupancy control Room temperature control HVAC emergency modes Additional TRIAC for floating‐point reheat Flexible I/O—14 per I/O Humidity control (UI4) Shut‐off capability Traccel controllers working together to maintain accurate pressure control
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Traccel‐TX BSC Alcove Benefits
Tracking pair VAV ensures directional airflow Occupancy control Room temperature control HVAC emergency modes Additional TRIAC for floating‐point reheat Flexible I/O–14 per I/O Humidity control (UI4) Shut‐off capability Flexibility to accommodate decontamination in the future or shut‐down when not in use
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Traccel/Theris LonMark® Certified – BACnet Interface
No flow sensors to maintain True pressure‐independence High turndown ratios save energy Factory characterized valves reduces commissioning time Flexibility to more easily handle space reconfigurations
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Energy Saving Products and Applications
What does One (1) CFM of “Single Pass” Air cost to heat and cool at The Ohio State University? Patterns over the past 5 years. Trends in the costs of energy. Customer visits over the past 2 years have all had one common thread. Engineers, end-users and reps have all been looking for ways to save and/or reduce energy consumption in new buildings as well as existing.
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U.S. Short-term Energy Outlook
U.S. Energy Nominal Prices for Industrial Sectors Electricity (end use prices) 4.7 cents per/KW/Hr (1994) 4.9 cents per/kW/Hr (2002) 6.5 cents per/kW/Hr (2008) EIA data -
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U.S. Short-term Energy Outlook
U.S. Energy Nominal Prices for Industrial Sectors Natural gas (end use prices) $3.75 per/MCF (1994) $4.02 per/MCF (2002) $8.65 per/MCF (2008) MCF = Thousand Cubic Feet EIA data–
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Laboratory Operating Costs
Utility rates = cost of CFM Lawrence Berkley National Laboratory’s "Laboratory Fume Hood Energy Model" Phoenix Controls LabPro™ software Calculate $/CFM Annual cost per CFM to condition and move 100% exhaust air LBNL data–
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What Can Be Done? 6 energy saving trends in Laboratory Airflow Controls Usage Based Controls® Fume hood decommissioning Energy waste alert Unoccupied settings IAQ control ventilation
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Proven Energy Saving Concepts
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Usage Based Controls® We are going to talk about a laboratory control method that allows us to maintain safety while providing the lowest first system costs and minimizing the continuing operating costs for the lab. This control method is known as Usage Based Controls, or UBC.
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Lab Usage Patterns Usage Based Controls 24‐hour operation
100% outside air (no recirculation) Hood occupancy in short segments Total hood usage typically one hour per day and independent Sash management varies widely
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Usage Based Controls Zone Presence Sensor®
Available since the mid‐1990’s One ZPS® per 8' hood Can be used in series for wider hoods Field programmable via a USB port Detection zone Setback times and values Lighting adjustments Motion sensitivity
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Usage Based Controls
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Building Energy Costs Sample
UBC Control Method CFM Energy Costs Savings CV 100,000 $750,000 $0 VAV 59,000 $442,500 $307,500 UBC 42,600 $319,500 $430,500 If all sashes are left open: 67,200 $504,000 $246,000 Annual cost per CFM = $7.50
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Sample Building Energy Costs
UBC
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Fume Hood Decommissioning
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Concept Fume Hood Decommissioning
Ability to reduce or turn off fume hood exhaust when not in use Potential for huge energy savings Teaching labs or hoods rarely used Buildings not occupied Understaffed research facilities Valve options Valve minimum (i.e., 90 CFM) Shut‐off Valves (i.e., 0‐5 CFM)
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Function and Operation
Fume Hood Decommissioning Can be initiated by: Fume Hood Monitor Button sequence External key switch BMS command Ensures safety Sash must be fully closed to initiate mode Mode is automatically exited if sash is opened
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Additional Product Info
FHD Features Annunciated at FHM with "OFF" displayed Reportable point to BMS Allowed under current guidelines/standards NFPA 45 ANSI/AIHA Z9.5 Patent pending
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Energy Waste Alert
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Concept and Operation Energy Waste Alert
Notification when sash is left open and lab lights are off Features Light sensor incorporated in monitor Provides audible alarm Displays "EnrG" on monitor Reminder to close the sashes at night
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Unoccupied Settings
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Unoccupied Settings Celeris®, Theris™ and Traccel® digital platforms
Lower ACH Relaxed temperature control Triggered locally or via BMS schedule Retrofit existing analog systems
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GEX Shut‐off
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Function and Operation
GEX Shut-Off Required exhaust flow must be sufficient to maintain room level offset Must be maintained for at least 1 minute Comes out of shut‐off when exhaust demand increases
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IAQ Control
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Two Ventilation Concepts
IAQ Control Air change rates Reduce minimum ACH when air is "clean" Drive to higher ACH when contamination is detected
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Lab Application: Next Generation VAV Control
Lab Multi-parameter DCV: Dynamic control of min. ACH Now all three factors affecting lab airflow can be varied Significantly cuts energy & first cost, while enhancing safety Constant 6-12 ACH ACH* Significant energy waste VAV VAV VAV Ventilation rate (cfm) Hoods 2- 4 ACH 6-8 ACH* *vivariums Thermal Load ACH / Dilution Requirement
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Function and Operation
IAQ Control Input from OptiNet® system to Laboratory Airflow Control System. Applications in laboratories, vivariums, classroom buildings throughout campus Significant Retrofit Opportunities
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A New Approach: OptiNet Multiplexed Facility Monitoring
OptiNet routes multiplexed air samples to central sensors Integrated into BMS for monitoring & control Web Based User Interface Room 101 Room 102 AHU 2 -1 Sensor Suite BMS
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OptiNet: A Facility Wide Sensing Infrastructure
Customer Analysis 3rd Party Analysis BMS Monitoring Space Airflow Controller High Quality Sensors
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Sensed Parameters Air Cleanliness Comfort &Ventilation
Total Volatile Organic Compounds Includes ammonia Particles – laser based particle counter Carbon Monoxide (CO) Comfort &Ventilation Temperature Humidity or Dewpoint Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
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Lab Monitoring Also Helps Ensure Lab Safety
Validates the safe operation of a lab Detect improper bench use of chemicals Detect poorly containing fume hoods Spills & rogue reactions rapidly sensed Check lab pressurization, T & RH Validates safe IEQ room conditions for animals Allows for safer lab airflow control Increased hood capture from reduced drafts Drops room flows when dilution not needed Greater dilution provided for spills, leaks, etc. 12 to 15 ACH’s can be provided automatically Sources of leaks & emissions can be found With fact based data, source controls can be used
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OptiNet Structured Cable
OptiNet Architecture OptiNet Structured Cable Air Data Router Room Sensor Carbon Dioxide Chemicals/Odors Particulates Humidity/Dewpoint Carbon Monoxide Temperature (Local) True Differential Sensing Sensor Suite Outdoor Air Probe Air Packets are Routed then Sensed Server Vacuum Pump Connectivity Web Based User Interface
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OptiNet Structured Cable
OptiNet Architecture Extensive Graphing & Trending OptiNet Structured Cable Air Data Router Room Sensor Carbon Dioxide Chemicals/Odors Particulates Humidity/Dewpoint Carbon Monoxide Temperature (Local) True Differential Sensing Sensor Suite Outdoor Air Probe Air Packets are Routed then Sensed Server Vacuum Pump Connectivity Web Based User Interface
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OptiNet Structured Cable
OptiNet Architecture Aircuity Advisor™ Reports OptiNet Structured Cable Air Data Router Room Sensor Carbon Dioxide Chemicals/Odors Particulates Humidity/Dewpoint Carbon Monoxide Temperature (Local) True Differential Sensing Sensor Suite Outdoor Air Probe Air Packets are Routed then Sensed Server Vacuum Pump Connectivity Web Based User Interface
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OptiNet Structured Cable
OptiNet Architecture The OptiNet Advantage Lower Installed Costs Lower Operating Costs Assured Energy Savings Healthier Environment OptiNet Structured Cable Air Data Router Room Sensor Carbon Dioxide Chemicals/Odors Particulates Humidity/Dewpoint Carbon Monoxide Temperature (Local) True Differential Sensing Sensor Suite Outdoor Air Probe Air Packets are Routed then Sensed Server Vacuum Pump Connectivity Web Based User Interface
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Cost Effective LEED NC Points
Energy & Atmosphere: up to 4 pts. EA - 1: Optimize energy: up to ~ 4+ pts. IEQ potential: 3 pts. EQ - 1 : Permanent CO2 / O.A. Monitoring EQ - 3.2: Construction IAQ Mgmt Plan EQ - 7.2: Permanent Comfort Monitoring Innovation in Design potential: 2 pts. IEQ monitoring point: Exceeds EQ 1- CO2 Monitoring Real time commissioning point: Exceeds EA 3 – Additional Commissioning Potential of up to 9 LEED NC points
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Arizona State University, Biodesign-B Aircuity Pilot Project
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ASU Biodesign-B Energy Savings w/ Aircuity
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ASU Biodesign-B Energy Savings w/ Aircuity
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What it all means… Like most life-sciences labs, the airflows in Biodesign-B are primarily ventilation driven. Most labs in Biodesign-B are over-ventilated Average ventilation flows can be safely reduced by >50% when monitoring air cleanliness and responding to spills, etc. There are HUGE energy savings with FAST payback! Several other soft benefits too! Safer hood operation Quieter labs Documented performance
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BACnet Integration Via Macro or MicroServer Open Space Lab BSC Alcove
Office Equip Alcove BSC Alcove Microscopy Freezer Alcove Open Space Lab
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OSU Energy Initiative? 20% Energy Savings?
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Constant Volume Design What Can Be Done?
Nothing Constant Volume Fume Hood Tracking Exhaust/Supply Occupied/Unoccupied Reset on Air Quality Two Position fume Hood Control Sash Switch Usage Based Controls Variable Volume Fume Hood Control Constant Volume Fume Hood Supply Valve CVV Tracking Exhaust Valve T
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New “Smart Fan” Control
Assures safe dilution and plume height Reduces exhaust system horsepower Significant Energy Savings
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Integration Options
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Aircuity Biodesign-B Pilot Original Financials
ASU avg. annual $/CFM: $ 5.14 Supply CFM reduction: Occ CFM UnOcc CFM Current 16,000 16,000 Proposed 5,200 5,200 Saved CFM ,800 (67%) ,800 (67%) Year 1 energy savings: $55,300 Project price: $49,000 Payback period: < 11 months
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A “Working” Laboratory
How Do you Define a “Working Lab?” 82
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A “Working” Laboratory
What checkpoints are in place to assure that labs are working? Are specifications being met? What are the consequences? What documentation of performance is required? Who suffers if the specification is not met?
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Laboratory Recommissioning
Documents laboratory performance Fume hood face velocities Lab pressurization Energy Usage Identifies Energy Savings Opportunities Airflow reduction Static pressure reduction Other opportunities
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Our Commitment Superior system performance
Local, factory certified technicians starting up each project Full commissioning of each system Airflow checked for each laboratory condition We strive to make system “fail” instead of the easy route to pass. Contractor Support Three year warranty on all equipment Project budget is maintained
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Advantages of Working Directly
Ductwork can be laid out to minimize excess straight runs and reduce sound. Full direct accountability to the owner and engineer A “second set of eyes” on the project Energy goals will be met No excuses or costly change orders System will perform as designed and work flawlessly
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Vivarium Applications
FSR 87
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Vivarium Applications
FSR Air change rates determined quality of air TVOCs including ammonia Particulates Significant savings Capital Costs Energy Savings Space Flexibility Many benefits to vivarium staff
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Concept and Operation FSR
Phoenix to release an optional kit to be installed on a valve, then monitor the static drop across a valve continually Value passed to BMS BMS to monitor all readings to "low select" BMS can reset fan static set point
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Additional Product Info
FSR Selection of best valves from plans is key Phoenix to release as option Either installed on valve Sold as separate kit Remember—a reduction in CFM will save far more energy than a reduction in static (Refer to white paper, "What is the true cost of static pressure?"
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Our Next Step? Thank You
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