1. Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College1

2. Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College2 Chapter 4 Solar System Overview

3. Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College3 Outline Logistics Read debris, formation (4.2, 4.3). Turn in Kepler today. Turn in Sunset 2 (or 1!). Solar System Size Planet survey Debris

4. Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College4 If you built a tower in Durango that was 1000 km high (much higher than the Space Station orbital altitude) and tried to weigh yourself on top of it, you would find: A) You are in space, and therefore weightless B) You weigh the same as you would on the ground in Durango C) You weigh a little less than on the ground in Durango. D) You weigh about one sixth of what you weigh on the ground in Durango.

5. Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College5 If you built a tower in Durango that was 1000 km high (much higher than the Space Station orbital altitude) and tried to weigh yourself on top of it, you would find: A) You are in space, and therefore weightless B) You weigh the same as you would on the ground in Durango C) You weigh a little less than on the ground in Durango. D) You weigh about one sixth of what you weigh on the ground in Durango.

6. Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College6 Gravity Objects near the Earth’s surface all appear to have the same acceleration due to gravity. More massive objects and the Earth are attracted to each other with a greater force. Gravitational force is proportional to the object’s mass. Acceleration due to any force is inversely proportional to the mass.

7. Newton Modification to Kepler’s 3 rd Law That “math” law - updated P 2 (years) = a 3 (astronomical units) M total (solar units) For planets around the Sun, this makes very little difference except for (even for) Jupiter (0.1% M sun )

8. Which mass pair has the greatest gravitational force between them? 1: A 5M solar mass and a 4M solar mass separated by 4 AU. 2: A 4M solar mass and a 3M solar mass separated by 3 AU. 3: A 3M solar mass and a 2M solar mass separated by 2 AU. 4: A 2M solar mass and a 1M solar mass separated by 1 AU.

9. Which mass pair has the greatest gravitational force between them? 1: A 5M solar mass and a 4M solar mass separated by 4 AU. 2: A 4M solar mass and a 3M solar mass separated by 3 AU. 3: A 3M solar mass and a 2M solar mass separated by 2 AU. 4: A 2M solar mass and a 1M solar mass separated by 1 AU.

10. Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College10 Chapter 4 Solar System Survey

11. Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College11 Figure 4.3 Planetary Alignment

12. Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College12 Solar System Viewing the Solar System from another star, what can you observe?

13. Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College13 Solar System Viewing the Solar System from another star, what can you observe? 99.9% of the mass of the solar system is in the sun. Most of the rest is in Jupiter As you approach the solar system, what can you observe?

14. Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College14 Solar System Viewing the Solar System from another star, what can you observe? 99.9% of the mass of the solar system is in the sun. Most of the rest is in Jupiter As you approach the solar system, what can you observe? Almost everything is in a plane Some small rocky (Terrestrial) planets Some big gaseous (Jovian) planets Some other stuff (debris)

15. Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College15 Figure 4.1 Solar System

16. Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College16 Figure 4.2 Sun and Planets

17. Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College17 Solar System Model Earth - Moon system Planet Sizes Planet distances Stellar distances

18. Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College18 What is the correct order, going from closest to farthest from the Sun? A) Venus, Jupiter, Asteroids, Neptune B) Jupiter, Neptune, Oort cloud, Pluto C) Venus, Asteroids, Saturn, Neptune D) Neptune, Uranus, Asteroids, Kuiper Belt E) Saturn, Mercury, Jupiter, Venus

19. Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College19 Solar System Let’s look at some of these system planets

20. Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College20 What solar system object are you looking at here? A) Moon B) Earth C) Mercury D) Mars E) Titan

21. Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College21 What solar system object are you looking at here? A) Moon B) Earth C) Mercury D) Mars E) Titan

22. Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College22 Figure 6.9 Mercury, Up Close - and Messenger Flyby Photos on-line

23. Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College23 Figure 6.2 Mercury - the view from Earth

24. Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College24 What solar system object are you looking at here? A) Venus B) Earth C) Neptune D) Mars E) Uranus

25. Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College25 What solar system object are you looking at here? A) Venus B) Earth C) Neptune D) Mars E) Uranus

26. Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College26 Figure 6.5 Venus - Earth’s sister planet

27. Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College27 What solar system object are you looking at here? A) Moon B) Earth C) Mercury D) Mars E) Titan

28. Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College28 Figure 6.6 Mars A) Moon B) Earth C) Mercury D) Mars E) Titan

29. Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College29 Solar System Debris What about the rest of the stuff?

30. Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College30 Review Questions

31. Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College31 When is the Sun directly overhead in Durango, Colorado? A) Every day at noon B) Only on the equinox days, at noon C) Only on the northern summer solstice, at noon D) Never

32. Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College32 When is the Sun directly overhead in Durango, Colorado? A) Every day at noon B) Only on the equinox days, at noon C) Only on the northern summer solstice, at noon D) Never

33. Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College33 The practical limit in magnification for a 10 inch refractor is… A) There is no limit because you can always change eyepieces B) 300x, limited by the atmosphere C) 200x, limited by the diameter D) 100x, limited by the magnitude

34. Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College34 The practical limit in magnification for a 10 inch refractor is… A) There is no limit because you can always change eyepieces B) 300x, limited by the atmosphere C) 200x, limited by the diameter D) 100x, limited by the magnitude

35. Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College35 If there is a new moon on Dec 21, where along the horizon will it rise in Sydney, Australia? A) North of east B) Due east C) South of east D) Can’t tell with information given

36. Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College36 If there is a new moon on Dec 21, where along the horizon will it rise in Sydney, Australia? A) North of east B) Due east C) South of east D) Can’t tell with information given

37. Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College37 More Physics Fun Suppose that you support a meter stick such that more of it sticks off to the left as shown. Now suppose you moves your fingers slowly together until they touch. What will happen to the meter stick?

38. Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College38 Meter stick A)It will fall off the right side. B)It will fall off the left side. C)Neither; it will end up balanced on your fingers.

39. Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College39 A scientist in the video traveled to the arctic to study A)The aurora borealis B)Polar bears C)Melting polar ice D)Earth’s magnetic pole location E)Nutritional value of M&Ms

40. Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College40 Video Notes Asteroid Density Pictures show density way to high Mars Atmosphere Much simpler explanation Water on Moon New discovery

41. Charles Hakes Fort Lewis College41 Three Minute Paper Write 1-3 sentences. What was the most important thing you learned today? What questions do you still have about today’s topics?