1. Ferdinand and Isabella 1400’s Spain Use of inquisition Drove out of Granadans Converted Jews and Muslims to Christianity Sponsored Christopher Columbus Promoted Catholicism and got gold

2. Charles V

3. Phillip II 1500’s Spain His empire provided him with incredable wealth. Had supplied Spain with estimated 339,000 pounds of gold. Roughly 16,000 tons of silver bullion were unloaded. Defeated Ottoman fleet into fierce battle near Leponto.

4. Louis XIV France 1600 Increases taxes to build palace of Versailles Rich, selfish a lot of control over people Expand France by war Conquered the Netherlands Protected the wealthy and hurt the peasants

5. Ivan the Terrible (608) Russia 1533 Came to the throne when he was only 3 years old When he was 16 he seized power and had himself crowned “Czar” Kills thousands of people because of the death of his wife. Secret police force Killed his own son

6. Peter the Great (609) 1600-1700 Controlled Russia He grew potatoes Built warm water ports Pays French to train his soldiers Russia gets stronger because of him

7. Fredrick the Great (606) 1712-1786 Prussia He was not military enough to rule. In 1730 he and his friend ran away but was caught and punished. Witnessed his friends beheading. Followed his fathers military policies when he came to power. He softened some of his fathers laws.

8. Henry VIII (492-493) 1509 England Wrote a stinging attack on Luther’s ideas Became “Defender of the Faith” Was not able to have a son Ended Pope’s power in England and became official head of England’s church Beheaded second wife