1. SRC willow and Miscanthus Two contrasting regions (SW England and E-Midlands) Existing data & generated new data to fill knowledge gaps 1. GIS-based suitability mapping and landscape visualisations 2. Public surveys(n=490), stakeholder and focus groups 3. Biodiversity assessments (24 fields each crop, over two years) 4. Water use assessments (over two years in both crops) 5. Economic assessment from farm to wider scale 6.Integrative tools to help decision-makers http://www.relu-biomass.org.uk/ RELU-Biomass Social, economic and environmental implications of increasing rural land use under energy crops

2. Roots grow no deeper than deeper rooting annual crops. SRC willow water use is similar to a cereal crop, higher than permanent grass and lower than mature woodlands Miscanthus water-use approaches woodlands. Water-use

3. Biodiversity Certain important species may be negatively affected Plantation design and management are important More butterflies in the field margins SRC has positive effect on farmland and woodland birds. Miscanthus not as clear More weed biomass and invertebrates in SRC than Miscanthus

4. Yield map for all soils except organic (~ 11 M ha) Yield map for 9 (primary) constraints (<8 M ha) Yield map 11 (secondary) constraints (<5 M ha) Yield map for all constraints plus ALC 3 & 4 (~ 3 M ha) Impacts on alternative land-use Lovett et al. 2009 Bioenergy Research 2, 17-28 Miscanthus

5. Generated sustainability objectives (for SW and EM) Framework with indicators and targets for each Region Checked against Regional Spatial Strategies Completed Framework was agreed Framework is being used to test scenarios Total land use End-use Field distribution pattern Headland management Sustainability appraisal Haughton et al. 2009. J. Appl Ecol. 46, 323-333 Involved all partners

6.  Assessed potential impacts (social, environmental, economic) of converting large areas to biomass crops.  Results have shown that many positive benefits from growing energy crops could accrue (e.g. biodiversity)  GIS-based yield and suitability mapping identified land use implications at national, regional and finer spatial scales  Sustainability appraisal was used in land planning as a tool to appraise impacts of different planting scenarios More information: 1.Policy and Practice Note; Web site, Relu-Biomass flyer 2.2 scientific publications out; 3 in submission process; more in preparation http://www.relu-biomass.org.uk/ RELU-Biomass Social, economic and environmental implications of increasing rural land use under energy crops