1. www.spice-rtn.org 3rd SPICE Research and Training Workshop, Kinsale, Ireland 2006 S eismic wave P ropagation and I maging in C omplex media: a E uropean network Welcome to Kinsale! Big thanks to: Aoife, Erika, Chris,... Big thanks to: Aoife, Erika, Chris,...

2. www.spice-rtn.org 3rd SPICE Research and Training Workshop, Kinsale, Ireland 2006 Seismic wave Propagation and Imaging in Complex media: a European network -SPICE: the project -Task Groups and Highlights -The Theme: Wavefield Inversion -Outlook -SPICE: the project -Task Groups and Highlights -The Theme: Wavefield Inversion -Outlook The SPICE Team

3. www.spice-rtn.org 3rd SPICE Research and Training Workshop, Kinsale, Ireland 2006 SPICE - the facts 2004 –2007, 6th Framework Program, Marie Curie Research Training Network 14 Partner institutions in 10 countries 14 PhD (3-yrs) and 14 postdoc (2-yrs) positions Annual research and training workshops 2004 Numerical Methods, Venice 2005 Large scale applications, Smolenice 2006 Inverse Problems, Kinsale 2007 Multidisciplinary Projects, Cargese 5 task groups Budget 5.5 Million Euro 2004 –2007, 6th Framework Program, Marie Curie Research Training Network 14 Partner institutions in 10 countries 14 PhD (3-yrs) and 14 postdoc (2-yrs) positions Annual research and training workshops 2004 Numerical Methods, Venice 2005 Large scale applications, Smolenice 2006 Inverse Problems, Kinsale 2007 Multidisciplinary Projects, Cargese 5 task groups Budget 5.5 Million Euro

4. www.spice-rtn.org 3rd SPICE Research and Training Workshop, Kinsale, Ireland 2006 Task Groups TG TG Small Scale Reservoir seismics, ocean bottom wave propagation, volcano seismology TG Local Scale Dynamic rupture, kinematic source inversion, shaking hazard TG Continental and Planetary Scale Global wave propagation, tomography, imaging benchmarks TG Numerical Methods Novel simulation tools, code verification TG Digital Library Code library, Training material TG Small Scale Reservoir seismics, ocean bottom wave propagation, volcano seismology TG Local Scale Dynamic rupture, kinematic source inversion, shaking hazard TG Continental and Planetary Scale Global wave propagation, tomography, imaging benchmarks TG Numerical Methods Novel simulation tools, code verification TG Digital Library Code library, Training material

5. www.spice-rtn.org 3rd SPICE Research and Training Workshop, Kinsale, Ireland 2006 TG Small Scale Scope VOLCANOES Wave propagation in volcanic aeras Modeling of volcano seismic sources Improvement of eruption diagnostic tools MUSHY SEAFLOOR Modeling of wave propagation in sea- floor mushy layers Improving interpretation of seismic observations in marine environments

6. www.spice-rtn.org 3rd SPICE Research and Training Workshop, Kinsale, Ireland 2006 TG Small Scale Partners: Hamburg, Naples, Zurich, Trieste, Dublin Scientific Progress: Development of inversion method for LP events (PS method with topography) Inversion of mushy layer seismograms

7. www.spice-rtn.org 3rd SPICE Research and Training Workshop, Kinsale, Ireland 2006 TG Local Scale Scope Dynamic Rupture Non-planar faults Generation of high frequencies Inversion for source parameters Strong Ground Motion Earthquake scenarios Visco-plastic rheology Soil-structure interactions Highly complex structures

8. www.spice-rtn.org 3rd SPICE Research and Training Workshop, Kinsale, Ireland 2006 TG Local Scale Rupture on non-planar faults - Plasticity Partners: Paris, Munich, Bologna, Bratislava, Zurich, Naples, Prague Scientific Progress: Kinematic source inversion: blind test Kinked faults Viscoplastic behavior on faults

9. www.spice-rtn.org 3rd SPICE Research and Training Workshop, Kinsale, Ireland 2006 TG Local Scale Earthquake scenarios – nonlinear rheologies Partners: Paris, Munich, Bratislava, Prague, Trieste + Milano and Trento Scientific Progress: Viscoplastic rheologies Verification and applications Domain reduction method Combined modeling of wave propagation and structural vibrations Grenoble benchmark

10. www.spice-rtn.org 3rd SPICE Research and Training Workshop, Kinsale, Ireland 2006 TG Planetary Scale Scope Global wave propagation Forward modeling of global wave propagation Reliability of global imaging Imaging benchmark New Mantle Model European Reference Model Organization of workshops Data base selection Full wave imaging

11. www.spice-rtn.org 3rd SPICE Research and Training Workshop, Kinsale, Ireland 2006 TG Planetary Scale Global waves propagation Imaging Benchmark Partners: Paris, Bologna, Oxford, Oslo, Munich, Utrecht, Zurich + CalTech, Tokyo, Scientific Progress: Synthetic dataset for inversion T min =32 s, 29 events

12. www.spice-rtn.org 3rd SPICE Research and Training Workshop, Kinsale, Ireland 2006 TG Numerical Methods Scope Novel approaches Tetrahedral meshes Discontinuous Galerkin Method Multidomain Chebyshev Particle methods Non-standard Rheologies Viscoplasticity Benchmarks Wave propagation Dynamic rupture Kinematic rupture

13. www.spice-rtn.org 3rd SPICE Research and Training Workshop, Kinsale, Ireland 2006 TG Numerical Methods Novel approaches to wave elastic propagation Partners: Paris, Munich, Trieste, Bratislava, Zurich, Trento, Tokyo, Potsdam Scientific Progress: viscoelastic ADER – DG and SEM on triangular grids muiltidomain Chebyshev in spherical geometry Hybrid FE-FD

14. www.spice-rtn.org 3rd SPICE Research and Training Workshop, Kinsale, Ireland 2006 TG Digital Library - Scope WWW Portal Training material Code library Interactive verification Mailing lists Newsletters Intranet Simulation data Formats Visualization Benchmarks

15. www.spice-rtn.org 3rd SPICE Research and Training Workshop, Kinsale, Ireland 2006 TG Digital Library The Code Library and Benchmarks Recent Progress: Analytical solutions (e.g., bimaterial interface) www-interface for interactive waveform benchmarking Click here... Click here...

16. www.spice-rtn.org 3rd SPICE Research and Training Workshop, Kinsale, Ireland 2006 Connection to other Projects CIG (US, www.geodynamics.org) Computational Infrastructure for Geodynamics (CIG) is a membership-governed organization that supports and promotes Earth science by developing and maintaining software for computational geophysics and related fields. NERIES (FP6 - Infrastructure) Network of Research Infrastructures for European Seismology: The intention of this project is to co-ordinate and improve European data exchange initiatives European GRID/HPC initiatives Identifying standard seismological applications that can be run on supercomputer/GRID infrastructure -> Involvement in preparation of FP7 (supercomputing) CIG (US, www.geodynamics.org) Computational Infrastructure for Geodynamics (CIG) is a membership-governed organization that supports and promotes Earth science by developing and maintaining software for computational geophysics and related fields. NERIES (FP6 - Infrastructure) Network of Research Infrastructures for European Seismology: The intention of this project is to co-ordinate and improve European data exchange initiatives European GRID/HPC initiatives Identifying standard seismological applications that can be run on supercomputer/GRID infrastructure -> Involvement in preparation of FP7 (supercomputing)

17. www.spice-rtn.org 3rd SPICE Research and Training Workshop, Kinsale, Ireland 2006 Dissemination SPICE Publications – via www pages 1st SPICE Book (Moczo et al.) -> Finite Differences 2nd SPICE Book (Brokesova) -> Ray Theory (now available) SPICE Publications – via www pages 1st SPICE Book (Moczo et al.) -> Finite Differences 2nd SPICE Book (Brokesova) -> Ray Theory (now available)

18. www.spice-rtn.org 3rd SPICE Research and Training Workshop, Kinsale, Ireland 2006 The Theme: Seismic Inversion... attempting a definition... Seismic Inversion is the process of extracting information on a physical system by fitting theoretical predictions of seismic observables to observations.processinformationphysical system theoretical predictions seismic observables observations Seismic Inversion is the process of extracting information on a physical system by fitting theoretical predictions of seismic observables to observations.processinformationphysical system theoretical predictions seismic observables observations

19. www.spice-rtn.org 3rd SPICE Research and Training Workshop, Kinsale, Ireland 2006 Seismic Inverse Problems Hypocenter location and origin time of earthquakes 1-3D velocity models from travel times Reflectivity from amplitudes (waveforms) Source mechanism from P (S) polarities Moment tensors from polarizations and amplitudes 1-3D velocity models from surface wave phase velocities Slip histories from waveforms 1-3D structure from waveform X-correlations (microseismicity) 1D structure from ambient noise measurements (Dynamic) Fault models from seismicity Dynamic rupture properties from waveforms 1-3D structure from eigenmodes Scattering properties from codas (envelopes) Q from amplitudes (waveforms) Particle motion or travel times for anisotropy 1-3D structure and source from waveforms and, and, and... Hypocenter location and origin time of earthquakes 1-3D velocity models from travel times Reflectivity from amplitudes (waveforms) Source mechanism from P (S) polarities Moment tensors from polarizations and amplitudes 1-3D velocity models from surface wave phase velocities Slip histories from waveforms 1-3D structure from waveform X-correlations (microseismicity) 1D structure from ambient noise measurements (Dynamic) Fault models from seismicity Dynamic rupture properties from waveforms 1-3D structure from eigenmodes Scattering properties from codas (envelopes) Q from amplitudes (waveforms) Particle motion or travel times for anisotropy 1-3D structure and source from waveforms and, and, and...

20. www.spice-rtn.org 3rd SPICE Research and Training Workshop, Kinsale, Ireland 2006 Milestones... Woodhouse, J.H. and A.M. Dziewonski, Mapping the upper mantle: three dimensional modelling of Earth structure by inversion of seismic waveforms, J. Geophys. Res., 89: 5953- 5986, 1984. Montagner, J.-P., Seismic anisotropy of the Pacific Ocean inferred from long-period surface waves dispersion, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, vol.38, no.1, pp.28-50, 1985. Tarantola, A., Theoretical background for the inversion of seismic waveforms, including elasticity and attenuation Pure and Applied Geophysics, vol.128, no.1-2, pp.365-399, 1988 Peyrat, S., K.B. Olsen, and R. Madariaga (2004). Which Dynamic Rupture Parameters Can Be Estimated from Strong Ground Motion and Geodetic Data? PAGEOPH 161, 2155-2169. Tromp, J., C. Tape, and Q. Liu, Seismic Tomography, Adjoint Methods, Time Reversal, and Banana-Donut Kernels,, Geophysical Journal International, volume 160, Issue 1, P195-216 (2005) Woodhouse, J.H. and A.M. Dziewonski, Mapping the upper mantle: three dimensional modelling of Earth structure by inversion of seismic waveforms, J. Geophys. Res., 89: 5953- 5986, 1984. Montagner, J.-P., Seismic anisotropy of the Pacific Ocean inferred from long-period surface waves dispersion, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, vol.38, no.1, pp.28-50, 1985. Tarantola, A., Theoretical background for the inversion of seismic waveforms, including elasticity and attenuation Pure and Applied Geophysics, vol.128, no.1-2, pp.365-399, 1988 Peyrat, S., K.B. Olsen, and R. Madariaga (2004). Which Dynamic Rupture Parameters Can Be Estimated from Strong Ground Motion and Geodetic Data? PAGEOPH 161, 2155-2169. Tromp, J., C. Tape, and Q. Liu, Seismic Tomography, Adjoint Methods, Time Reversal, and Banana-Donut Kernels,, Geophysical Journal International, volume 160, Issue 1, P195-216 (2005).

21. www.spice-rtn.org 3rd SPICE Research and Training Workshop, Kinsale, Ireland 2006 Milestones... cont‘d Sambridge M and G. Drijkoningen. Genetic algorithms in seismic waveform inversion. Geophysical Journal Inernational, 109:323-- 342, 1992 Geller R.J. and T. Hara: "Two efficient algorithms for iterative linearized inversion of seismic waveform data," Geophys. J. Int., 115 (1993) 699-710. Shapiro, N.M, M. Campillo, L. Stehly, and M.H. Ritzwoller, High- Resolution surface wave tomography from ambient seismic noise, Science, 307, 1615-1618, 2005. Snieder, R., The theory of coda wave interferometry, Pure and Appl. Geophysics, 163,455-473, 2006... and studies by Boschi, Beucler, Deuss, and many others... Sambridge M and G. Drijkoningen. Genetic algorithms in seismic waveform inversion. Geophysical Journal Inernational, 109:323-- 342, 1992 Geller R.J. and T. Hara: "Two efficient algorithms for iterative linearized inversion of seismic waveform data," Geophys. J. Int., 115 (1993) 699-710. Shapiro, N.M, M. Campillo, L. Stehly, and M.H. Ritzwoller, High- Resolution surface wave tomography from ambient seismic noise, Science, 307, 1615-1618, 2005. Snieder, R., The theory of coda wave interferometry, Pure and Appl. Geophysics, 163,455-473, 2006... and studies by Boschi, Beucler, Deuss, and many others....

22. www.spice-rtn.org 3rd SPICE Research and Training Workshop, Kinsale, Ireland 2006 Scientific programme Sunday – Monday Oral presentations of all SPICE researchers Monday – Tuesday Course on Inverse Problems Wednesday – Thursday Invited Talks, SPICE scientists, and others, oral presentations and poster session Sunday – Monday Oral presentations of all SPICE researchers Monday – Tuesday Course on Inverse Problems Wednesday – Thursday Invited Talks, SPICE scientists, and others, oral presentations and poster session.

23. www.spice-rtn.org 3rd SPICE Research and Training Workshop, Kinsale, Ireland 2006 Fringe programme Tuesday 11am SPICE administrative meeting All week TG Meetings Tuesday 11am SPICE administrative meeting All week TG Meetings.

24. www.spice-rtn.org 3rd SPICE Research and Training Workshop, Kinsale, Ireland 2006 Outlook Improving the SPICE Digital Library in quality and quantity Cooperation with CIG, NERIES 4th SPICE workshop in Cargese, Corsica, May 2007 EOS Publication on SPICE code library Special Issue on SPICE Research (e.g., PAGEOPH, PEPI, Journal of Seismology) Coordination of SPICE Follow-up Project(s) Improving the SPICE Digital Library in quality and quantity Cooperation with CIG, NERIES 4th SPICE workshop in Cargese, Corsica, May 2007 EOS Publication on SPICE code library Special Issue on SPICE Research (e.g., PAGEOPH, PEPI, Journal of Seismology) Coordination of SPICE Follow-up Project(s) ENJOY THE WORKSHOP!

25. www.spice-rtn.org 3rd SPICE Research and Training Workshop, Kinsale, Ireland 2006 Observations...... contain systematic and random errors...... need to be corrected for instrument response...... may have limited coverage of the target area... Back...... contain systematic and random errors...... need to be corrected for instrument response...... may have limited coverage of the target area... Back...

26. www.spice-rtn.org 3rd SPICE Research and Training Workshop, Kinsale, Ireland 2006 Seismic Observables...... absolute travel times...... differential traveltimes...... polarities...... polarizations and particle motions...... surface wave phase and group velocities...... amplitudes...... frequencies (spectra)...... envelopes (coda)...... static displacements...... rotations...... waveforms...... noise...... and, and, and... Back...... absolute travel times...... differential traveltimes...... polarities...... polarizations and particle motions...... surface wave phase and group velocities...... amplitudes...... frequencies (spectra)...... envelopes (coda)...... static displacements...... rotations...... waveforms...... noise...... and, and, and... Back...

27. www.spice-rtn.org 3rd SPICE Research and Training Workshop, Kinsale, Ireland 2006 Theoretical predictions...... ray theory...... 1 (or 2)-D approximations (e.g., reflectivity, normal modes)... simplified rheologies (acoustic, isotropic elastic, viscoelastic, anisotropic...)... scattering approximations (Born, etc. )... complete (numerical) solutions in 2D or 3D with limitations in frequency range... Back...... ray theory...... 1 (or 2)-D approximations (e.g., reflectivity, normal modes)... simplified rheologies (acoustic, isotropic elastic, viscoelastic, anisotropic...)... scattering approximations (Born, etc. )... complete (numerical) solutions in 2D or 3D with limitations in frequency range... Back...

28. www.spice-rtn.org 3rd SPICE Research and Training Workshop, Kinsale, Ireland 2006 Physical system... SOURCE... point source...... finite source...... kinematic vs. dynamic description...... plane vs. irregular... STRUCTURE... Cartesian, spherical, arbitrary... Topography...... Rheologies (acoustic, isotropic elastic, viscoelastic, anisotropic...)... Parameterization (cells, coefficients) RECEIVER... Transfer function Back... SOURCE... point source...... finite source...... kinematic vs. dynamic description...... plane vs. irregular... STRUCTURE... Cartesian, spherical, arbitrary... Topography...... Rheologies (acoustic, isotropic elastic, viscoelastic, anisotropic...)... Parameterization (cells, coefficients) RECEIVER... Transfer function Back...

29. www.spice-rtn.org 3rd SPICE Research and Training Workshop, Kinsale, Ireland 2006 Information... What is the result of the „inversion“... a final model ?... resolution, uncertainties...... a probability density on the model and data space! Back... What is the result of the „inversion“... a final model ?... resolution, uncertainties...... a probability density on the model and data space! Back...

30. www.spice-rtn.org 3rd SPICE Research and Training Workshop, Kinsale, Ireland 2006 Process...... Trial and error...... automatic search schemes...... global or local search methods... Monte Carlo Methods (Simulated annealing, Genetic algorithms, etc.)... gradient methods (-> adjoints)... How many forward models do you need to calculate? Back...... Trial and error...... automatic search schemes...... global or local search methods... Monte Carlo Methods (Simulated annealing, Genetic algorithms, etc.)... gradient methods (-> adjoints)... How many forward models do you need to calculate? Back...