1. Background of PTS Assessments in Hungary Fekete Tamás - Tatár Levente MTA KFKI AEKI 1 st Hungarian-Ukrainian Joint Conference on Safety-Reliability and Risk of Engineering Plants and Compnents Miskolc-Tapolca, 11-12 April 2006

2. reaktorfedél M140 X 6 csavar (60 db) Leszorító gyűrű NA 500 csonk 2/3 varrat 1/2 varrat 3/5 varrat 5/6 varrat 6/8 varrat 8/9 varrat Hengeres öv Elliptikus fenék Csonkzó na Aktív zóna VVER 440-213 installed Reactor Pressure Vessel at Paks NPP

3. PTS Methodology Development PTS Methodology Development: Ageing of structural materials influences applicability of equipments to a great extent. Longer lifetime is advantageous. Several factors cause material damage. Role of material models in PTS calculations. AEKI works on physical models of materials and structures.

4. Methodology of PTS Calculations The Hungarian Reg. Guide No. 3.17 Status of PTS calculations: Fluence Calculations (material ageing) TH Calculations (thermal boundary conditions) Integrity Calculations Material Data Flow curves Fracture mechanics data

5. Status of PTS Calculations I. 1. Fluence Calculations: Realistic 3D fluence calculations for re-evaluation of surveillance data and for lifetime calculations

6. Fluence Calculations: characteristic results

7. 2. System Thermal-Hydraulics: System Codes: Relap5 /Mod3.3 Athlet Stratification/ local mixing calculations: REMIX 3. Structural Integrity Calculations: Computer Code: MSC.MARC2005r2 Status of PTS Calculations II.

8. System Nodalisation for TH Calculations 6 loop model of the Primary Circuit has been applied

9. RPV Nodalisation for TH Calculations 6 loop TH model

10. Selected TH transients for Calculations I. A total number of ≈40 cases (including subcases) Shut-down cases: Steam line break(SYSTEM) Inadvertent opening of pressuriser safety valve(SYSTEM+local mixing) Power level:100% and 108% nominal power Steam line break(SYSTEM) Inadvertent operation of HPIS (SYSTEM) Inadvertent opening of pressuriser safety valve (SYSTEM+local mixing) Steam generator collector cover opening(SYSTEM)

11. Selected TH transients for Calculations II. Loss of coolant accidents: Ø73 mm make-up line(SYSTEM+local mixing) Ø90 mm Pressuriser spray line(SYSTEM+local mixing) Ø111 mm HPIS line(SYSTEM+local mixing) Ø233 mm LPIS line(SYSTEM+local mixing) Ø492 mm cold leg single ended break(SYSTEM) Ø492 mm cold leg double ended break(SYSTEM) Ø492 mm hot leg double ended break(SYSTEM)

12. Cold leg model for structural integrity calculations Variations of Temperature and HTC in cold leg are considered Interactions between cold legs are considered

13. Temperature and pressure variation in the downcomer during a Ø233 mm LPIS line break event

14. Temperature and pressure variation in the downcomer during a LBLOCA event

15. Temperature and pressure variation in the downcomer during a Steam Line Break event

16. Two-level methodology of PTS calculations 1.Simplified models and calculations (conservative) 2.Realistic models and calculations Thermal computation ‘3 D’ computation ? ? Results of thermohydraulical analysis Thermal boundary conditions from thermohydraulic data RPV geometry Thermo-physical properties of RPV materials Thermal field determination in RPV wall Elasto-plastic properties of RPV materials Mechanical boundary conditions Stress field determination in RPV wall Displacement, deformation and stress field determination in RPV wall ? Fracture mechanics properties of RPV materials General data characterising RPV material ageing Distribution of fracture mechanical material properties in RPV wall Geometry of postulated cracks Determination of loading on postulated cracks Crack stability analysis, crack propagation RPV integrity criteria RPV integrity assessment Deformation and stress field computation Fracture mechanics computation ‘ Simplified’ computation ? ? ? = Result of computation

17. 1. Simplified models and calculations Conservative calculations on simplified models – Cylindrical part of the RPV is modelled – Linear-elastic stress-deformation calculations (small deformation-small displacement) – Cladding is taken into account – Residual stresses in welds are considered – Defect locations: welds, core middle – Spectrum of postulated, semielliptical cracks (a/c = 1/3, a = 1 [mm] – 0,25s, through clad) – Simplified LEFM calculations (analytical formulas) – WPS effect is taken into account (tangent, 90%) – Crack arrest calculations for some transients Main goal of the calculations: selection of most severe transients

18. 2. Realistic models and calculations Realistic calculations on the whole RPV body – The whole RPV is modelled – Elastic-plastic stress-deformation calculations (large deformation – large displacement) – Cladding is taken into account – Residual stresses in welds are considered – Defect locations: welds, core middle, nozzle etc. – 1 postulated crack /location (a/c = 1/3, underclad) – EPFM calculations on defects in FE mesh – K I from J integral – WPS effect is taken into account (tangent, 90%) – Crack arrest calculations for some transients Goal: Assessment of life-time

19. Computer Codes used for calculations For structural integrity calculations te MSC.MARC2005r2 code is used Nonlinear capabilities of MSC.Marc – large deformations – material nonlinearities Global-local option can be used to make calculations on subcomponents easily Coupled termal-mechanical problems can be calculated Auxiliary codes are used to generate boundary conditions from TH data to structural integrity calculations

20. Geometrical Models of the RPV 1.) 3D model of Beltline Region 2.) 3D model of Beltline Region with elliptic bottom 3.) 3D model of Ø492 nozzles 4.) 3D model of Ø260 nozzles 5.) Global 3D Model of a VVER 440-V213 RPV 6.) 3D Flaw Model 7.) 3D Model of the Upper Part All Models are Modular, Parametric and Material Independent

21. 3D Model of the Beltline Region

22. 3D Model of Beltline Region with the Elliptic Bottom

23. Temperature and stress fields in the RPV wall

24. 3D Model of the Nozzle Ø492

25. Temperature and stress fields in the nozzle wall

26. 3D Model of the Nozzle Ø260

27. Temperature and stress fields in the nozzle wall

28. Global 3D Finite Element Model of a VVER 440 RPV

29. Flaw Model in Beltline Region of the RPV

30. 3D Model of the Upper Part with Finite Element Mesh

31. Influence of cladding on stress calculations (conservative  realistic material behaviour) Embrittlement of cladding can have very strong influence on results of integrity calculations. That effect is proportional with the age of a RPV. Parametric study, various aged state of the cladding: – not irradiated – irradiated (  EOL/4) – irradiated (  EOL) Transient: LBLOCA

32. Temperature distribution in pressure vessel wall at 100 th [s].

33.  t, K I distribution in pressure vessel wall at 100 th [s]. Unirradiated state of cladding

34.  t, K I distribution in pressure vessel wall at 100 th [s]. Irradiated cladding (  EOL/4)

35.  t, K I distribution in pressure vessel wall at 100 th [s]. Irradiated cladding (  EOL)