1. Nutrient Effects on Springs Biota Summary and Synthesis of the Available Literature on the Effects of Nutrients on Spring Organisms and Systems

2. Mark T. Brown & Kelly Chinners Reiss Center for Environmental Policy Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences Matthew Cohen Forest Water Resources Laboratory School of Forest Resources and Conservation K. Ramesh Reddy, Patrick W.Inglett, and Kanika Sharma Inglett Department of Soil and Water Science Thomas K. Frazer, Charles A. Jacoby & Edward J. Phlips Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Robert L. Knight Wetland Solutions, Inc. Wendy D. Graham & Kathleen McKee University of Florida Water Institute Nutrient Effects on Springs Biota

3. Overall Project Objective : Develop a literature review of available literature that integrates and interprets the effects of nutrients on spring organisms and systems … with particular emphasis on effects and alterations of algal and macrophyte communities. …and including trophic dynamics and ecological processes. The review is to include published, peer reviewed documents and gray literature reports.

4. Nutrient Effects on Springs Biota Project Goal: To develop a synthetic literature review that presents what is known about nutrient effects… as guidance for public policy, elucidate information gaps that inject substantial uncertainty, and suggested research to address these gaps.

5. Nutrient Effects on Springs Biota Project Tasks: Collect Available Literature Within Florida and across the USA in karst regions…. Develop a Springs Literature Data Base Bibliographic information and short abstracts…searchable Synthesis Report Addresses the current state of knowledge and provide guidance for public policy strategies Seminar - workshops Input and comment from agency personnel, scientists, and others

6. Nutrient Effects on Springs Biota Literature Review: Transformations and Sinks of nutrients Biogeochemical processes Macrophytes and Algae Macroinvertebrates and Fish Invasive Species and Management Ecosystem Processes Synthesis: Springs management and Research needs

7. Nutrient Effects on Springs Biota Purpose of Workshop: To quote Donald Rumsfeld "…as we know, there are known knowns; there are things we know we know. We also know there are known unknowns; that is to say we know there are some things we do not know. But there are also unknown unknowns -- the ones we don't know we don't know." Our main objective is to elucidate the unknown unknowns

8. Nutrient Effects on Springs Biota Purpose of Workshop… continued : What we want to attain by end of the workshop…. Further insights into the following 4 questions: What are the most important unknowns about nutrient effects on spring biota? What are the most important management issues related to nutrients & springs? How might these management issues be addressed? What are the most important springs research initiatives?

9. Nutrient Effects on Springs Biota Purpose of Workshop… continued : Why are YOU important…. Three things:: You are experts, all interested in spring systems You are the intended users of the report Hopefully new collaborations will be born here.

10. Nutrient Effects on Springs Biota Agenda: 8:40 Coffee & morning snacks (in lobby) 9:00 convene the crowd, welcome, introduce Mark (Kathleen McKee, 3 minutes) 9:05 Introduction (Mark Brown, 15 min) 9:10 Presentations of what will be in chapter + known unknowns (80 min) Matt Cohen - Transformations and Sinks of nutrients (10 min) Patrick Inglett - Biogeochemical processes (10 min) Tom Frazer - Macrophytes and Algae (10 min) Chuck Jacoby – Macroinvertebrates and Fish (10 min) Jason Evans - Invasive Species and Management (10 min) Bob Knight - Ecosystem Processes (20 min) Mark Brown - Synthesis: Springs Management and Research needs (10 min) 10:30 Break (15 min) 10:45 Breakout discussion setup (K. McKee 10 min)

11. Nutrient Effects on Springs Biota Agenda…2: 11:00 Breakout discussion sessions (1.5 hr)  Macrophytes, Algae (and related invasives) – T. Frazer, Room 2025  Vertebrates, Invertebrates (and related invasives) – C. Jacoby, Room 2025  Nutrient Transformations, Biogeochemistry – M. Cohen, Room 2165 Questions: What are the most important unknowns? What are the most important management issues related to nutrients & springs? How might these management issues be addressed? What are the most important springs research initiatives? (Rank them)

12. Nutrient Effects on Springs Biota Agenda…3: 12:30 Lunch at Reitz Union (45 min) 1:15 Breakout reports (45 min) 2:00 Whole group discussion: Synthesis, Ecosystem Processes and Management (45 min) 2:45 Break (15 min) 3:00 Whole group discussion - continued (1 hr) - this could become a half-hour breakout session with half-hour report session on Question: What are the next steps when considering ecosystem level processes and management? 4:00 Wrap up, Next Steps (Mark Brown, 15 min) 4:15 End

13. Nutrient Effects on Springs Biota Next…Presentations by the Co-PIs: Matt Cohen - Transformations and Sinks of nutrients (10 min) Patrick Inglett - Biogeochemical processes (10 min) Tom Frazer - Macrophytes and Algae (10 min) Chuck Jacoby – Macroinvertebrates and Fish (10 min) Jason Evans - Invasive Species and Management (10 min) Bob Knight - Ecosystem Processes (20 min) Mark Brown - Synthesis: Springs Management and Research needs (10 min)