1. Transitioning From NTSC to SDI Digital Video Copyright ITS 2013 Sheet 1 19360 Business Center Drive Northridge, CA 91324 www.ITSamerica.com October 24,2013 Transitioning from NTSC (analog) to HD Digital Video Volume 2

2. Transitioning From NTSC to SDI Digital Video Copyright ITS 2013 Sheet 2 A Review October 24,2013

3. Transitioning From NTSC to SDI Digital Video Copyright ITS 2013 Sheet 3 Translating between Analog NTSC & SD/HD-SDI At the SDI source At the end of a 100 meter cable Composite Analog Video 1.5  3.0 GB/Sec Bit Stream 6 MHz Bandwidth

4. Transitioning From NTSC to SDI Digital Video Copyright ITS 2013 Sheet 4 Translating between Analog & SD/HD-SDI 4 Attribute Analog Video SDI Digital Video Raw Video Complex AM, FM and phase modulated signal requiring 6 MHz bandwidth Serial encoded bit stream at bit rates from 270 Mbits/s to 3000 Mbits/sec Sync Pedestal and color burst sync areas scaled generally below the black level A reserved bit patterns (SAV & EAV) defined by SMPTE in the SDI stream Blanking A predetermined voltage level in the video signal ANC space between EAV & SAV is Horizontal “blanking” data space, ANC space between SAV and EAV from first line to line 40 (1080) or 25 (720) is Vertical “blanking” data space. Active Video An AM signal with overlaid phase modulated color information 480 scan lines/frame A stream of image samples between SAV & EAV from 640 (SD) to 1920 (1080) and scan lines from 480(SD) to 1080 (1080) Frame/Field Rate RS 170 60Hz /30 Hz Field/Frame RS170A (NTSC) 59.94 (60/1.001) CCIR 50Hz /25Hz field/frame Progressive and Interlaced Many from 24.975 to 60 Hz and beyond Progressive and Interlaced

5. Transitioning From NTSC to SDI Digital Video Copyright ITS 2013 Sheet 5 Digital Video Resolution October 24,2013 2 bits = 4 colors 4 bits = 16 colors 8 bits = 256 colors 24 bits = 16 million colors Pictures from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_depth Resolution is 3-Dimensional Horizontal Lines per Frame Pixels per Line Bits per Pixel (pixel depth) Resolution is 3-Dimensional Horizontal Lines per Frame Pixels per Line Bits per Pixel (pixel depth)

6. Transitioning From NTSC to SDI Digital Video Copyright ITS 2013 Sheet 6 HD Video Issues Raw Video = high bit rates 720p/60, 1080i/30, 1080p/30 = 1.485 gigabits /sec 1080p/60 = 2.97 gigabits/secTransport Raw video high bit rates limits transport distances Via Coax < 200 meters Via Fiber < 30Km Raw Video = lots of data One 1080 frame = 2,475,000 pixels One pixel = 20 bits (4:2:2 subsampling) or 24 bits RGB One 1080 frame = 6,187,500 to 7,425,000 bytes of data 1080p/60 = 371,250,000 to 445,500,000 bytes/second Subsampling reduces bytes/frame 4:2:2 subsampling saves ≈ 16% Similar in concept to analog October 24,2013

7. Transitioning From NTSC to SDI Digital Video Copyright ITS 2013 Sheet 7 Raw HD Video = High Bit Rates Compression Reduces Bit Rate MPEG 2 20:1 to 30:1 (1080p > 18,562,500 to 12,375,000 bytes/sec) H.264 30:1 to 100:1 (1080p > 12,375,000 to 3,712,500 bytes/sec) JPEG 2000 10:1 to 30:1 (1080p > 37,125,000 to 18,562,500 bytes/sec) Extends transport distances H.264 enables broadcast of HD-SDI over GigE networks. Compromises image quality Loss of background detail frame drops freeze frames pixelization Introduces Latency 70 ms > several seconds Splits data space from video October 24,2013

8. Transitioning From NTSC to SDI Digital Video Copyright ITS 2013 Sheet 8 HD Video Data Spaces October 24,2013 Volume 2 Focus

9. Transitioning From NTSC to SDI Digital Video Copyright ITS 2013 Sheet 9 Analog Video Data Spaces October 24,2013 Edge Encoding (non-broadcast) Steals a bit of each video scan line Supports 1 bits/line 60 bytes per frame Vertical Blanking Space A few lines above the visible image Contains VITC Closed Captioning Teletext Billing data Copy protection & V-chip data ≈240 bytes per frame

10. Transitioning From NTSC to SDI Digital Video Copyright ITS 2013 Sheet 10 HD-SDI Frame (720p) & Metadata Space 720p Video VANC Space 25 Lines * 1280 samples Cinema & broadcast generally only use lines 14-15 for scene switch & closed captioning HANC Space 370 Samples x 750 >3000 data items Example Packets 16 channel audio snippets Film Codes Payload data Workflow data Copyright data V-chip data Billing data Logging Info Buffer Space Lines 746-750 EAV SAV Line Count CRC HANC EAV 1280 luma samples 1650 luma samples October 24,2013

11. Transitioning From NTSC to SDI Digital Video Copyright ITS 2013 Sheet 11 HD-SDI Frame (1080i/p) & Metadata Space 1080i/1080p VANC Space 40 Lines * 1920 samples Cinema & broadcast generally only use lines 14-15 for scene switch & closed captioning HANC)Space 280 samp * 1125 >3000 data items Example Packets 16 channel audio snippets 16 channel audio snippets Film Codes Film Codes Payload data Payload data Workflow data Workflow data Copyright data Copyright data V-chip data V-chip data Billing data Billing data Logging Info Logging Info Buffer Space Lines 1121-1125 EAV SAV Line Count CRC HANC EAV 1920 luma samples 2200 luma samples October 24,2013

12. Transitioning From NTSC to SDI Digital Video Copyright ITS 2013 Sheet 12 Metadata Packets Many Types Defined by SMPTE Dictionary Keys Data content Format Metadata Elements Dictionary  RP210 Version 13 of this registry contains more than 3200 data types. SMPTE KLV Pack= Defined Structure Ancillary Packet K=key (16 byte word) L=length (1 byte) V=(1-235 bytes of data); any data HANC KLV Pack; Type 01 VANC KLV Pack; Type 02 October 24,2013

13. Transitioning From NTSC to SDI Digital Video Copyright ITS 2013 Sheet 13 HD-SDI KLV Type 02 VANC Packets VANC -KLV Pack is a SMPTE Structure SMPTE Standard 291M Wrappers (ADF signature bytes) KLV Type identifiers (DID and SSID)  VANC = Type 02 Length (DC) SMPTE RP210 defines >3000 keys MISB uses the Type 02 KLV Ancillary Data Packet More than 900 keys Most derived from UAV needs Groups of variables  Pointing angles, gimbal angles, velocities may be all one chain of data Dictionary is MISB Standard 0807.10 See http://www.gwg.nga.mil/misb/stdpubs.html Microsecond Timestamp is one particular MISB Dictionary Item October 24,2013

14. Transitioning From NTSC to SDI Digital Video Copyright ITS 2013 Sheet 14 KLV = Game Change KLV Value = Memory Space Binary Data ASCII Characters Integers, signed and unsigned Single Precision Double precision Any other meaning of binary data HD Data Rate 1000x Analog offered < 2,000 bytes/sec HD offers up to data rate = 1,776,600 bytes/sec @ 60 FPS * 235 bytes = 14,100 bytes/second data rate capacity per KLV packet One line can hold 3-7 packets 1080p has ≈ 18 lines free Data rate = 18*7*14100 = 1,776,600 bytes/sec October 24,2013

15. Transitioning From NTSC to SDI Digital Video Copyright ITS 2013 Sheet 15 KLV = Game Change KLV as transport @ 14Kb/sec each pack can move data point to point along with video Could be video related Could be unrelated information Could be cipher (secure) Can have multiple unrelated data streams (one in each KLV pack) KLV Bound to Video Video related data Pointing angles Camera/Lens settings Situational Awareness Frame-to-Frame correspondence is exact & permanent Record Clean Video Embed data traditionally on overlay in KLV, once per frame Display what is needed, when needed, where on the frame and in a useful color October 24,2013

16. Transitioning From NTSC to SDI Digital Video Copyright ITS 2013 Sheet 16 KLV = Game Change How many KLV packs are needed? Example: ITS Proposed “Instrumentation Pack” 41 data items  Pointing Angles up to 24 bit resolution  Ranges as SP values of ±9.999999E±16  64 bit time stamps  Five 10 ASCII character fields 170 Bytes TOTAL! single All of this data fits in a single KLV pack ITS has developed Multi-KLV Pack Engine 2 KLV packs available as memory space 470 bytes to hold information User can invoke 1, 2 or none dynamically User can extract “V” on command User can monitor during write User can display at destination October 24,2013

17. Transitioning From NTSC to SDI Digital Video Copyright ITS 2013 Sheet 17 Line 9 V2.0 ITS HD-SDI Insertion Engine SAV Pack 0 Microsecond Timestamp Pack 0 Microsecond Timestamp Can turn off Fixed MISB Format Always first pack Can turn off Fixed MISB Format Always first pack Option Pack 1 Data block Option Pack 1 Data block Can turn on or off Can be any data from 1-235 bytes Basic decoder ; ASCII, Integer, decimal Can turn on or off Can be any data from 1-235 bytes Basic decoder ; ASCII, Integer, decimal Option Pack 2 Data block Option Pack 2 Data block Can turn on or off Can be any data from 1-235 bytes Basic decoder ; ASCII, Integer, decimal Can turn on or off Can be any data from 1-235 bytes Basic decoder ; ASCII, Integer, decimal October 24,2013

18. Transitioning From NTSC to SDI Digital Video Copyright ITS 2013 Sheet 18 ITS KLV Tool Kit Use a MISB key or Create with the ITS KeyTemplate© Excel worksheet Export design to ‘CSV’ Distribute design to all stakeholders October 24,2013 Build a 16 byte key Create Fields & Assign Data Types Choose how fields would be displayed Plan what fields would be displayed

19. Transitioning From NTSC to SDI Digital Video Copyright ITS 2013 Sheet 19 Insert GUI imports ‘CSV’ Prepares List of Fields  User selects what fields to display  Selects row/column locations GUI forms complete commands to Load “decoder ring” Set display locations Input your data via Ethernet port Transport data via SDI video stream ITS KLV Tool Kit October 24,2013 Your Data CSV of KLV design SDI Video w/KLV Data

20. Transitioning From NTSC to SDI Digital Video Copyright ITS 2013 Sheet 20 Display GUI imports ‘CSV’ Prepares List of Fields  User selects what fields to display  Selects row/column locations GUI forms complete commands to Load “decoder ring” Set display locations Select Fields to Display and Where May monitor at write time, display at destination ITS KLV Tool Kit October 24,2013 Your Data CSV of KLV design SDI Video w/KLV Data

21. Transitioning From NTSC to SDI Digital Video Copyright ITS 2013 Sheet 21 Test Your Design Test GUI imports ‘CSV’ Prepares an input form Input test data Set repetition rate Start test View decoded data in overlay ITS KLV Tool Kit October 24,2013 CSV of KLV design

22. Transitioning From NTSC to SDI Digital Video Copyright ITS 2013 Sheet 22 Check List KLV packs in SDI are a game changer KLV Packs can Transport data Move cipher blocks Enable recording of clean video Maintain alignment of imagery and data Video Encoders/Decoders Must Preserve VANC end-to-end SDI Recorders must Preserve VANC at record time Restore VANC at playback time Video Archiving must preserve VANC ITS toolkit Create KLV Insert your data Monitor your data Display your data Test your KLV design October 24,2013