2. CAUSES OF FILIPINO REVOLTS
Desire to regain the lost freedom of their ancestors (Political)
Religious intolerance of Spanish authorities (Religious)
Abuses of the Spaniards (Personal)
The hated tribute and oppressive forced labor
Loss of ancestral lands

3. Early Revolts in Philippine History
Identify the causes of the revolts
Create a profile page for a certain revolt and
Discuss the outcome/result of the revolt

4. LAKANDULA and sulayman
Causes of revolt:
Maltreatment of his people by Spanish masters
Broken promises of Spanish officials particularly exemption of his relatives and descendants from tribute and forced labor.
Results:
Armed clash averted by amicable settlement. Fr. Geronimo Martin and Capt. Juan de Salcedo pacified Lakandula and persuaded him to lay down his arms.
He even helped to defeat the piratical attack of Limahong.

5. Magat Salamat (1587-1588) son of Lakandula Together with him:
Agustin de Legazpi – Lakandula’s nephew
Martin Pangan – Chief of Tondo
Juan Bassi – Chief of Taguig
Pedro Balinguit – Chief of Pandacan

6. The Plan:
To bring Japanese warriors and weapons to drive the Spaniards out.
Dionisio Fernandez – a Japanese Christian, who acted as an interpreter
Juan Gayo – a Japanese captain whom they negotiated for alliance and military aid
Result:
Pedro Sarmiento – discovered the plot through Magat Salamat’s friend Antonio Surabao and immediately warned the Spanish authorities.
The leaders were executed.

7. Magalat (1596)
He and his brother urged the people of Cagayan to overthrow Spanish rule during the term of Gov. Gen. Francisco Tello.
His revolt could not be crushed by arms
The Spaniards resorted to assassination which ended his revolt
He was murdered in his own house
First assassination in Philippine History.

8. Igorot Revolt (1601)
The Igorots revolted in defense of their pagan gods.
They killed Fr. Esteban Marin, Spanish missionary.
Capt. Mateo de Aranda – suppressed the revolt

9. Gaddang Revolt (1621) Due to the abuses of the Spanish authorities
Cagayan Valley
Leaders: Felipe Cutabay and Gabriel Dayag
Result: Fr. Pedro de Santo Tomas – persuaded the Gaddangs to lay down their arms.

10. Tamblot (1621-1622) A Babaylan led this religious revolt.
He incited Boholanos to return to their pagan religion.
He was joined by 2,000 Boholanos
Suppressed by government troops led by Alcalde Mayor Juan de Alcarazo with 50 Spaniards and more than 1,000 Cebuanos..

11. GROUP ACTIVITY
Each group is given a revolt to work on. Make a profile page for the leader (similar to your fb page).
Your work must include the following:
Profile picture of the leader
His information
A status of his revolution
Comment of the Spaniards against the uprising

12. Bankaw’s Revolt (1622) Leyte
An old chief of Limasawa became a Christian because he received a royal gift from Spain in recognition of his grandfather’s hospitality to Magellan.
In his old age, with the influence of his son and Pagali, a native priest, he discarded his faith.
He led a religious revolt to restore paganism.
Suppressed by Juan de Alcarazo, one who suppressed the revolt.
His head was placed on a plate and was displayed in public

13. PEDRO LADIA’S REVOLT (1643)
Was a Bornean who claimed descent from Raja Matanda.
Urged the people of Malolos to fight against the Spanish oppressors and enthrone him as King of the Tagalogs.
Fr, Cristobal Enriquez – a parish priest from Malolos, reported Ladia’s plans to the authorities even before the rebel could take the first step.
He was captured and executed in Manila.

14. Juan Ponce (Francisco) Sumuroy (1649-1650)
Cause: harsh order of Gov. Gen. Diego Fajardo compelling men in the village to render forced labor in the shipyard of Cavite.
The Spanish authorities persuaded the natives to lead them to Sumuroy’s hideout in the mountains.
Result: ended in failure, he was taken alive and put to death.

15. Francisco Maniago (1660-1661) Causes:
Natural love of the Pampangans love for freedom
Hardship of forced labor in forests and shipyards.
Rice taken from the people by government agents without payment
Result:
The cause weakened because Juan Makapagal, powerful chief, remained loyal to Spain.
Accepted the peace offer of Gov. Gen. Marique de Lara upon the advice of a kind friar, Fr. Andres de Salazar

16. Andres Malong ( )
A military leader who was inspired by Maniago
Led the revolt in Pangasinan
Proclaimed himself as the “King of Pangasinan”
Sent troops to as far as Vigan
Was hanged

17. Pedro Almazan (1661)
In response to Malong’s revolt, he called the Ilocanos to revolt against the Spaniards
King of the Ilocanos
Burned churches
Was executed in the town plaza

18. Tapar (1663) He was a babaylan who was a new convert to Catholicism.
He founded a new syncretic religion which was a modified form of Christianity. He proclaimed himself "God Almighty" and went around garbed in a woman's dress.

19. Killed Father Francisco de Mesa, friar curate of Oton.
Mercilessly impaled on a bamboo stake and placed strategically at the mouth of the Laglag (now Dueñas) River to be eaten also by crocodiles.

20. Tumalang (Zambal) Revolt (1681-1683)
After Malong’s revolt, the Spaniards wanted to make sure that the roots of his rebellion be exterminated.
Governor General Juan de Vargas Hurtado – sent a combine Filipino and Spanish troops to punish the Zambals who helped Malong.
Tumalang fought bitterly but unfortunately he was captured and converted to Christianity.

21. Francisco Dagohoy (1744-1829) Longest revolt which lasted for 85 years
Cause: refusal of Spanish curate, Fr. Gaspar de Morales, to give Christian burial to Dagohoy’s brother Sagarino who died because of a duel.
He killed Fr. Morales and urged the Boholanos to rise against the Spaniards.
End of the Revolt:
He died due to old age in the mountain. His followers continued the fight
It took 20 successive governor-generals before the oppression was suppressed
Gov. Gen. Mariano Ricafort – seriously undertook measures to end the revolt.

22. Diego Silang (1762-1763) Proclaimed the independence of Ilocos.
Demanded the abolition of forced labor and tribute
Took advantage of the chaos of the times owing to the British occupation of Manila. He was befriended by the British.

23. Causes: End of Rebellion: To regain the lost freedom of the Ilokanos.
Spanish abuses and oppression
End of Rebellion:
Silang’s assassination on May 28, 1763 by Miguel Vicos for a sum of Spanish gold and in the name of Catholicism and loyalty to Spain.

24. Gabriela Silang Joan of Arc of the Ilocandia Maria Josefa Gabriela
Wife of Diego
Was believed to be the first woman to revolt in Philippine History.
Continued the rebellion with the help of Nicolas Carino, Diego’s uncle.
Was defeated by the Spanish forces and later executed
Joan of Arc of the Ilocandia

25. Juan dela Cruz Palaris (1762-1764)
Pantaleon Perez – real name
Revolted because of the abuses of the Spanish government in Pangasinan.
Created a kingdom wherein the capital was Binalatongan (now known as San Carlos City)
Was caught because his sister was forced to tell where to find him.
Was executed

26. Ibanag Revolt (1763) Isabela and Cagayan Dabo and Juan Marayag
Inspired by the revolts of Silang and Palaris
Natives declared their independence and refused to pay tributes
It did not last long after Lt. Governor Manuel de Arza ordered is Filipino mercenaries to suppress it.

27. Basi Revolt (1807) Also known as Ambaristo Revolt
Headed by Pedro Ambaristo
Cause: the government monopolizes the production of wine.

28. Bayot Revolt (1822)
The revolt was headed by the Bayot brothers – Joaquin, Manuel and Jose. They were sons of Colonel Francisco Bayot of the Spanish Army based in Manila.
They revolted because the Insulares were not treated as if they are not Spanish at all.
Planned to overthrow the Spanish government and declare their father as King.
Sentenced to life imprisonment

29. Apolinario de la Cruz (Hermano Pule) (1840-1841)
He wanted to become a priest but was not accepted because he was a native.
He worked instead at the Hospital of San Juan de Dios and acquired his religious education by reading the bible and listening to the sermons of the church.
Founded the Confradia de San Jose which was banned by Spanish authorities.

30. The Spaniards were denied admission to the Confradia.
Governor General Marcelino de Oraa Lecumberri – banned the organization because according to them it is a form of heresy.
Recruited 4,000 men and armed them with bolos and amulets and encamped a the foot of Mt. Banahaw.
Appointed Octavio Ignacio de San Jorge (Purgatorio) as the leader of his army.
Was executed and his head was cut off and displayed on the road.

31. Failure of the Revolts Absence of national consciousness
Lack of leaders to unite the whole archipelago
Regional hostility
Archipelagic nature of the Philippines prevented a steady communication in the provinces.
Superiority of the Spanish arms
The betrayals and assassinations of rebel leaders.