1. DOE and NSF High Energy Physics University Grant Program Subpanel (UGPS) January 8, 2007 SLAC U.S. ATLAS Upgrade Detector R&D (as an example of university relevance) Howard Gordon U.S. ATLAS Construction Project Manager U.S. ATLAS Research Program Deputy Manager (to Mike Tuts) BNL

2. DOE and NSF High Energy Physics University Grant Program Subpanel (UGPS) January 8, 2007 SLAC 2 Points to be covered  High Energy Physics – Excitement NOW  ATLAS Upgrade R&D Program  Based on an increase by a factor of 10 in luminosity to extend the physic reach  How the U.S. participates  Our view of the priority of this work  How universities fit in  There is a large spectrum of abilities in different universities – probably that is good  What sets the scale for the participation  How infrastructure is critical for success

3. DOE and NSF High Energy Physics University Grant Program Subpanel (UGPS) January 8, 2007 SLAC 3 My Personal View  High Energy Physics in my career has never been as exciting as now  There are big discoveries on the horizon  Electroweak symmetry breaking: Higgs? SUSY?  Tevatron?  If not: hopefully at the LHC if not with  ILC needed to make the detailed measurements  Dark Matter?  Dark Energy???  CP Violation in the neutrino sector?  Extra Dimensions?  However, the funding for our field is close to flat-flat and everyone is struggling – New York Times: Jan. 8, 2007

4. DOE and NSF High Energy Physics University Grant Program Subpanel (UGPS) January 8, 2007 SLAC 4  Although we expect to make discoveries and a lot of measurements at the LHC, plans have started for upgrading LHC  Higher energy difficult without major R&D development  Higher luminosity (10 35 cm -2 s -1 ) seems feasible  Some studies have been done to evaluate increased physics potential:  Very prelim. studies also suggest it is possible with 3000 fb -1 per experiment to make the first measurement of the Higgs self-coupling via HH production  Detector R&D is getting underway, to be ready for ~ 2010-2014 Construction Period  For ATLAS the entire Inner Detector would be replaced as well as the Liquid Argon on-detector electronics Future Upgrade: “Super LHC” PROCESS LHC SLHC 14 TeV 14 TeV 28 TeV 100 fb -1 1000 fb -1 100 fb -1 Squarks 2.5 3 4 Z’ 5 6 8 Extra-dim (  =2) 9 12 15 q* 6.5 7.5 9.5  compositeness 30 40 40 TGC (  ) 0.0014 0.0006 0.0008

5. DOE and NSF High Energy Physics University Grant Program Subpanel (UGPS) January 8, 2007 SLAC 5 LHC Upgrade Parameters are NOT Set  The 12.5 ns scenario seems to have left the scene (for how long?)  The 75 ns scenario pushed backwards  Two new scenarios appears in the front  50 ns long bunch 340 events/bunch crossing (at start of fill) - likely  25 ns high ß 223-296 evt/bc Keep doors open and remember that we do not know (yet)  tot at LHC. (some theoreticians say anywhere between 100 and 150 mbarn!)

6. DOE and NSF High Energy Physics University Grant Program Subpanel (UGPS) January 8, 2007 SLAC 6 Important Milestones - ID  Ready for beam: 1/1/2016  Beam off – start decommissioning7/1/2014 (18 month for installation)  Straw man Layout -12/31/2006  (Modification/changes to be made in term of performance /Risk/Cost etc.)  TDR -Feb/2010  Cooling PRRApril/2010  Mechanical Support Design complete Oct/2010  Sensor PRRJuly/2010  FE-electronics Sept/2010  Surface Assembly March/2012  Ready for InstallationAugust/2014  Barrel InstallationFeb/2015  B-layer/beam pipeAugust/2015 Conceptual Design R&D Prototypes Production Assembly& Installation Pre-series TDR: Technical Design Report; PRR: Production Readiness Review

7. DOE and NSF High Energy Physics University Grant Program Subpanel (UGPS) January 8, 2007 SLAC 7 4+3+2 (Pixel, SS, LS) Strawman

8. DOE and NSF High Energy Physics University Grant Program Subpanel (UGPS) January 8, 2007 SLAC 8 Main Efforts now are: Establish working groups to coordinate the R&D ATLAS Upgrade Organization Executive Board Technical Coordination Upgrade Steering Group Upgrade Project Office

9. DOE and NSF High Energy Physics University Grant Program Subpanel (UGPS) January 8, 2007 SLAC 9 ATLAS Wide Upgrade Steering Group ID Giovanni Darbo, Abe Seiden  LAr Francesco Lanni  TilesDominique Pallin MuonsSandro Palestini, Tatsuo Kawamoto TDAQStefan Tapprogge ECPhillipe Farthouat Shielding/RadiationVincent Hedberg TCn David Lissauer  Machine LinkPer Grafstrom PhysicsGiacomo Polesello Nigel Hessey (Chair of Steering Group) ATLAS management, ex-officio Francesco Lanni has taken the lead in defining and developing cost estimates for the U.S. LAr Upgrade program  U.S. people

10. DOE and NSF High Energy Physics University Grant Program Subpanel (UGPS) January 8, 2007 SLAC 10 Upgrade Project Office Composition  ATLAS Management (Ex-officio) S. Stapnes, F. Gianotti, P Jenni  ATLAS Management and TC: M. Nessi  Steering Group Chair: N. Hessey  POL: : D. Lissauer  PO Deputy/Reviews : M. Tyndel  Electronics Coordinator: P. Farthouat ( 2-3 Electronics and DAQ)  Radiation and Shielding: V. Hedberg (Acting)  Machine Interface : P. Grafstrom  Cooling : G. Viehhauser  Sensors : N. Unno  Integration/Installation : H. Pernegger (Starting early next year)  Module Integration : P. Allport  Mechanical Structures : (Under discussions)  LAr : F. Lanni (Acting)  Trigger: S. Tapprogge  B-Layer Upgrade: G. Darbo Additional persons invited for special discussions. Some permanent members still missing. (Tile, Muons, Trigger)

11. DOE and NSF High Energy Physics University Grant Program Subpanel (UGPS) January 8, 2007 SLAC 11 The ATLAS Process for Upgrade R&D  There are proposals submitted to the whole collaboration with the aim of eliminating duplication and including every institution which wants to join. An example:

12. DOE and NSF High Energy Physics University Grant Program Subpanel (UGPS) January 8, 2007 SLAC 12 There are often International Collaborations

13. DOE and NSF High Energy Physics University Grant Program Subpanel (UGPS) January 8, 2007 SLAC 13 WBS 4.1.1.1 Innermost Pixel Detector

14. DOE and NSF High Energy Physics University Grant Program Subpanel (UGPS) January 8, 2007 SLAC 14 WBS 4.1.1.1 Detectors – 3D is Rad Hard!

15. DOE and NSF High Energy Physics University Grant Program Subpanel (UGPS) January 8, 2007 SLAC 15 WBS 4.1.1.2 Strip Detectors Beginning to develop a detailed understanding of the behavior of n-on-p detectors. Curve is a summary of some measurements, symbols are predictions from paper by Bruzzi, Sadrozinski, and Seiden. Unlike p-on-n detectors, charge collection does not require very large voltages at large fluences. Region of good charge collection matches well our plan to keep the strip detectors at radii larger than 25 cm.

16. DOE and NSF High Energy Physics University Grant Program Subpanel (UGPS) January 8, 2007 SLAC 16 Sample of Interesting Results  Development of 1m and 2m long staves has started. This includes detailed engineering studies as well knowledge gained from the measurements of noise for ATLAS style modules mounted on the CDF stave. Solid model rendering of a stave constructed using an 8mm diameter aluminum tube that has been reformed to enhance thermal transport area. View of overall stave depicting strip detectors, hybrids and chips. The assembly comprises 15 strip detectors with a length of 993.5mm.

17. DOE and NSF High Energy Physics University Grant Program Subpanel (UGPS) January 8, 2007 SLAC 17 WBS 4.3 Liquid Argon R&D Current LAr calorimeter architecture structure Proposed baseline architecture for the LAr calorimeter readout upgrade

18. DOE and NSF High Energy Physics University Grant Program Subpanel (UGPS) January 8, 2007 SLAC 18 WBS 4.3.2.3 Work so far in FY07

19. DOE and NSF High Energy Physics University Grant Program Subpanel (UGPS) January 8, 2007 SLAC 19 WBS 4.3.2.4 Link-on-Chip  Improve performance  No off-chip high speed lines  Flip-chip bonding reduces capacitance and inductance  Reduce power consumption  No 50-Ohm transmission lines between chips  Designed and Implemented in Silicon-on-Sapphire technology  Targeting speed:>2.5Gbps Optical data Laser Driver serializer encoder Flip-chip bonding TX Parallel Data REFclock transmitter Module Photonic PIN Receiver Module TIA/LA De- serializer Decoder Parallel Data Clock/Data recovery Flip-chip bonding REFclock PLL and clock generator

20. DOE and NSF High Energy Physics University Grant Program Subpanel (UGPS) January 8, 2007 SLAC 20 Dec. 4 th ATLAS LAr Calorimeter Upgrade Workshop at CERN  Express of Interest (EOI) of ROD R&D finalized  Participating Institutions  U.S.A.  Brookhaven National Laboratory –Hucheng Chen, Joe Mead, Francesco Lanni  University of Arizona –Ken Jones, Joel Steinberg  Stony Brook University –Dean Schamberger  France  LAPP, Annecy –Jacques Colas, Guy Perrot  Italy  INFN, Milan –Mauro Citterio

21. DOE and NSF High Energy Physics University Grant Program Subpanel (UGPS) January 8, 2007 SLAC 21 U.S. ATLAS has put Priority on Upgrade R&D  We still need to complete the construction, commissioning, and pre- operations of ATLAS  We have several items on the critical path and need to focus resources to accomplish our goals  However, we believe that the U.S. can make seminal intellectual contributions to the Upgrade R&D and need to do work in order to establish this  Key technical personnel may be finished with their work on construction, commissioning and pre-operations and the Upgrade R&D provides a way to engage them so they do not drift on to other projects  We hope this support will continue through the Upgrade Construction.  This work is a partnership between the U.S. National Laboratories and the universities.  Each provides crucial contributions  The Labs typically have more of a critical mass of technical people to address issues in a more system-wide manner  Example of the Low Voltage Liquid Argon Power Supplies  Universities, besides providing intellectual input, also have students and postdocs who can carry out a focused part of the R&D

22. DOE and NSF High Energy Physics University Grant Program Subpanel (UGPS) January 8, 2007 SLAC 22 Funding Targets  Original targets based on bottoms up estimates, out years evaluated yearly  AY M$ (AY M$)FY07FY08FY09FY10FY11 Software & Computing15.116.517.419.017.9 M&O17.710.1 10.310.5 Upgrade R&D3.13.2 Management Reserve2.13.8 4.05.9 DOE guidance22.624.625.527.528.5 NSF guidance9.0 Carryover/unobligated6.4 Total38.033.634.536.537.5 NSF Guidance Note: The NSF funding numbers above are shown on a fiscal year monthly spending plan. NSF funding breakdown: 8/1/04 = 3.5M; 5/1/05 = 5.25M; 2/1/06 = 6.75M; 11/1/06 = 9M; 11/1/07 = 9M

23. DOE and NSF High Energy Physics University Grant Program Subpanel (UGPS) January 8, 2007 SLAC 23 U.S. ATLAS Upgrade R&D FY07 Budget Average of the 12 university budgets ~$125k

24. DOE and NSF High Energy Physics University Grant Program Subpanel (UGPS) January 8, 2007 SLAC 24 U.S. ATLAS Upgrade R&D Personnel (FY07) Currently 12 university groups are working on the Upgrade R&D. We expect several more to join in the next year and most of the 37 university groups to contribute to Upgrade Construction.

25. DOE and NSF High Energy Physics University Grant Program Subpanel (UGPS) January 8, 2007 SLAC 25 Location of U.S. ATLAS Personnel (FTEs in FY07) ScientificNon-Scientific M&OAt CERN68.5524.4 Not at CERN19.0327.8 Total87.5852.2 Upgrade R&DAt CERN1.31.7 Not at CERN7.0519.1 Total8.3520.8 Note these are universities plus labs – but % is probably similar in both. The Core Research Program is CRUCIAL for M&O and Upgrade R&D

26. DOE and NSF High Energy Physics University Grant Program Subpanel (UGPS) January 8, 2007 SLAC 26 Upgrade Construction Planning in ATLAS  The entire tracker must be replaced  Technologies which now work at inner radii will work at outer radii – but new technologies must be developed for the inner radii  For example, 3-D pixels  Cost estimates for a new pixel layer are expected to be ~34 MCHF  New silicon strip layers ~105 MCHF (130 m 2 )  Calorimetry ~15-32 MCHF  Muon System and Trigger/DAQ 20-30 MCHF  An Upgrade Project Office has been established to insure that R&D work is coherent and services are considered from the beginning.

27. DOE and NSF High Energy Physics University Grant Program Subpanel (UGPS) January 8, 2007 SLAC 27 Upgrade Construction Given to P5 in March 2006  ATLAS has made an estimate for the cost of the upgraded detectors  We have calculated the U.S. share based on the current $/CHF ratio, the experience with CERN cost estimates and U.S. accounting, plus some escalation  There are larger error bars on these numbers but they were presented to P5 and (hopefully will be included) in agency planning

28. DOE and NSF High Energy Physics University Grant Program Subpanel (UGPS) January 8, 2007 SLAC 28 ILC Detector R&D  I chaired the DOE/NSF Panel for ILC Detector R&D for a couple of years.  It was a great learning experience for the committee  However, I believe the amount of money available was not enough to carry out serious detector R&D  Even though the committee had discretion to recommend what it wanted and although the committee chose the most relevant and time critical topics, generally there was a request and a recommendation for some M&S, a grad student and perhaps a post doc  In contrast, with about $3M/year, the U.S. ATLAS choice of funding Upgrade R&D at that level has already produced some good results  As far as the synergy of ILC and LHC R&D, some groups will try to find the synergy but it does not have to follow logically

29. DOE and NSF High Energy Physics University Grant Program Subpanel (UGPS) January 8, 2007 SLAC 29 Conclusions  We have not dealt with the real issues which need to be addressed in the future:  How many university groups need to be supported in HEP  How much support should they get to be effective  What is the role of the university group and the national labs – (we hope a partnership)  Rather we have described a collaborative system built on needs and capabilities – market driven by the needs of the ATLAS upgrade and the capabilities of the group  The ATLAS upgrade is moving ahead with Upgrade R&D  U.S. university groups are contributing to this by participating and often leading R&D proposals where they can make a unique contribution  Based on their contribution, the U.S. ATLAS Research Program offers some support of infrastructure  Even in the Physics Analysis, it is difficult for a single university group to have a mastery of all the software and data bases needed for analysis.  Still there is a WIDE variation in the capabilities of various university groups  In the past, a lot of infrastructure support was in the Core Research Program  Most groups are asked to choose between technical infrastructure and a post doc or student and we know how they choose  Some have sufficient resources to tackle state of the art problems  Univ. X has a state of the art silicon production facility; univ. Y has good electrical engineers  Others are in the model of a professor with a good idea and students

30. DOE and NSF High Energy Physics University Grant Program Subpanel (UGPS) January 8, 2007 SLAC 30 Critical Issues from Mike Tuts at your September 2006 meeting (still critical!)  What are the critical issues threatening the achievements of the project goals?  Funding  Currently ~flat in the out years – some relief in profile starting in 2008 promised in Oct. 2006!  P5 quote “The level of support for this program should not be allowed to erode through inflation”  Travel/COLA costs are higher for CERN  Fall 2005 US ATLAS survey indicates ~x2 over domestic program  ~ $2M/yr problem for Core program  Upgrade funding (not just R&D) needs to be in US planning efforts  Has been presented to P5, so may be in there now  Infrastructure  How do we preserve the technical infrastructure for the upgrade?  Upgrade R&D RP can help, but year-to-year funding makes it difficult to plan  Is it enough?  Collaborative tools  Not yet taken seriously at CERN  Even good audio is a problem  Have a plan (see RTAG 12 report for example), but no funding  Experiments are trying to help  We have a couple of well outfitted rooms, but need more  Office space  Rapidly becoming an issue  Not a threat, but we need to gain experience with our physics analysis support model – good so far!