1. Landscape as concept and tool to integrate nature and culture values in spatial planning Per Angelstam et al.

2. “Sustainable Development” and “Sustainability” Different dimensions –Economic –Social –Ecological variables –Cultural variables Act of balance –Performance targets in ecology (constraints) –Multi-level adaptive governance arrangement Top-down for territorial overview Bottom-up to secure participation and collaboration

3. Nature values

4. Culture values Silva Saltus Ager Hortus Domus

5. Policies about natural and cultural values at multiple levels LevelPolicy GlobalWSSD – World Summit on Sustainable Development (2002) IPCC - International Panel on Climate Change (2007) Millennium Declaration (2000) WHO - World Health Organization (2000) UNESCO World Heritage Convention (1992) Ramsar Convention on Wetlands (1971) Europe and EUNatura 2000 (1979; 1992) EIA directives 1985; 1997 Lisbon convention (1997) Landscape convention ELC (2000) Strategic environmental impact assessment (1992) EU Water Framework Directive (2000) NationalThe Environmental Code (1998) The Roads Act (1971) The Swedish Environmental Quality Objectives (1997) Public Health Objectives (2003) Heritage Act (1988) Plan and Building Act (1987)

6. Policy Management in actual landscape Governance (multi-level) Evaluation (variables and targets) Policy implementation process

7. Communication Indicators + Targets Assessment Complex Simple Actor Narra- tive

8. Landscapes are social-ecological systems

9. Landscape and disciplines

10. Three landscape concepts

11. Defining indicators Themes –Composition –Structure –Function Spatial scales –Macro –Meso –Micro MicroMesoMacro Composition Structure Function

12. Defining indicators Themes –Composition –Structure –Function Spatial scales –Macro –Meso –Micro MicroMesoMacro CompositionPlantsBirdsMammals StructureRoad culvertRoad corridorRoad density FunctionMortalityDisturbanceBarrier effect

13. Assessment

14. Governance

15. INCLUDE’s four questions 1.What characterizes a sustainable landscape, and how can it be evaluated? 2.What are the critical impacts of infrastructure and traffic on environmental qualities, and are there critical limits in this impact? 3.How can this impact be assessed and communicated to users? 4.What are the remedies, and how can the planning process be improved

16. Land use Biotic Abiotic Governance Culture Attitude Framework: landscapes as social-ecological systems

17. Thresholds and restoration

19. Communicative learning

20. Spatial scale Informal planning process Formal planning process StrategicTacticalOpera- tional National Regional Local Governance arrangement Lobbying Education Social learning Think-tank Spatial planning GIS models EIA SEA

21. Conclusions