1. INCLUSIVE DEVELOPMENT FOR ALL: ADDRESSING LAND RIGHTS ISSUES IN THE NACALA CORRIDOR, NORTHERN MOZAMBIQUE March 24-27, 2014 Masahiro TAWA, Shinjiro AMAMEISHI, Takuma NOGUCHI Rural Development Department, Japan International Cooperation Agency, Japan Tawa.Masahiro@jica.go.jp Disclaimer: This Paper and Presentation is the result of analysis of authors. However, the paper and the presentation does not purport to represent the views of the official understanding of JICA, Ministry of Agriculture in Mozambique, Brazilian Agency of Cooperation and other related organizations.

2. 1. Introduction ProSAVANA: The Triangular Cooperation Program between Mozambique, Brazil and Japan Promotion of inclusive and sustainable agricultural and regional development in Nacala Corridor Attention of the International Community Some civil society organizations’ concern on impacts of ProSAVANA ⇒ How will ProSAVANA program be promoted through the triangular cooperation between Mozambique, Brazil and Japan?

3. 2.1. Target Area of ProSAVANA 3 Provinces and 19 Districts Population :4,285,000. Area: 107,002 km 2 - 60% of all the small-scale farmers with less than 1.0 ha of land - GNI per capital 470 USD - Significant population increase 430 million (2012) → 760 million (2030)

4. 2.2. Present Situation in the Nacala Corridor The Nacala Corridor Development providing various changes/impacts to people in rural area High agricultural development potential Attracting large-scale Agricultural Investment Conflict or trouble between farmers and private investors (land, contracts, etc.) Significant Population increase ⇒ Subdivision of farmland into tiny lots (future) ⇒ Food insecurity affecting the livelihood of the inhabitants (future) The Nacala Corridor Development providing various changes/impacts to people in rural area High agricultural development potential Attracting large-scale Agricultural Investment Conflict or trouble between farmers and private investors (land, contracts, etc.) Significant Population increase ⇒ Subdivision of farmland into tiny lots (future) ⇒ Food insecurity affecting the livelihood of the inhabitants (future)

5. Vision: Improve the livelihood of the inhabitants of Nacala Corridor through inclusive and sustainable agricultural and regional development Mission: Improve and modernize agriculture to increase productivity and production and to diversify agricultural production Create employment through the agricultural investment and establishment of a supply chain Objectives: Create new agricultural development models, taking into account the emvironmental and socio-economic aspects, and seeking the agricultural, rural, and regional development, market-oriented with a competitive edge 2.3. Outline of ProSAVANA

6. 2.4 ． Principles 1.Based on the Strategic Plan for the Agricultural Sector Development 2011–2020 (PEDSA) 2.Poverty reduction, food security, and better nutrition for Mozambican farmers 3.Design and Implementation of the activities, in accordance with the PRAI and the VGGT. 4.Dialogue with farmers group, civil society and other actors 5.Consideration of environmental and social impacts 6.Step-by-step approach with considering of farmer’s situation

7. ProSAVANA comprises three components: 1.ProSAVANA-PD: the Support of Agricultural Development Master Plan for Nacala Corridor in Mozambique (From March 2012): Formulate an agricultural development Master Plan which contributes to social and economic development 2.ProSAVANA-PI: the Project for Improving Research and Technology Transfer Capacity for Nacala Corridor Agriculture Development (May 2011- April 2016): Enhance the research capacity, verify suitable cultivation technology through field trial and demonstrate appropriate agricultural tecnologies 3.ProSAVANA-PEM: the Project for the Establishment of Development Model at Communities' Level with Improvement of Rural Extension Services under Nacala Corridor Agricultural Development in Mozambique(May 2013 - May 2019) Improve extension services and increase production at each farming size by adoption of the agricultural development models 2.5 ． Components Agriculture Research Center Community and Farmers’ Group Overall Development Plan

8. 3. Important Issues on ProSAVANA (mainly related with Land) 1.Prevention of Land grabbing 2.Protection of farmer’s land right 3.Exclusion and minimization of impacts on environmental and socio-economic situations 4.Sufficient dialogue with small-scale farmers and local civil society organizations

9. 4.1. Addressing the issues (1) a.Protection of assets and land rights of small-scale farmers b.Respect of smallholder farmers’ own decision-making c.Careful and sufficient dialogue between the farmers and investors d.Appropriate incorporation of a consensus between the farmers and investors into activity plans and contracts １. Protection of food sovereignty and farmers’ ownership on crop production a.Establishment of appropriate management systems for contractual farming b.Preparation of basic rules, contract formats and the “ProSAVANA Guidelines on Responsible Agricultural Investment (RAI)” c.Enhancement of execution capacity of government staff through capacity building projects d.Establishment of an independent organization to monitor the execution of the Guidelines as well as a supervising body in Mozambican government e.Development of agricultural production value chain 2. Agriculture development and job creation through private investment

10. 4.2. Addressing the issues (2) a.Acquisition of land use right (DUAT) b.Enforcement of the existing supervision mechanism for the Land and Environment Law c.Training for community on land laws d.Establishment of a Community Land Committee e.Consultation with communities and civil society organizations f.Support for the institutionalization of the District Land-Use Plan g.Capacity building activities for government staff 3. Protection of farmers’ land right and environment a.Strengthening agricultural extension services including capacity development of extension workers and farmers b.Strengthening agricultural research c.Formulation of a development model for leading farmers d.Design and implementation of a project for supporting female farmers 4. Support for agricultural production of small-scale farmers

11. 4.3. Addressing the issues (3) 5. Gradual implementation of ProSAVANA 2030 2014 Phase 1 2014 - 2020 Initial stege Phase 1 2014 - 2020 Initial stege Phase 2 2021- 2025 Growing stage Phase 2 2021- 2025 Growing stage Phase 3 2026 – 2030 Maturing stage Phase 3 2026 – 2030 Maturing stage Phase 0 2009 -2014 Preparation stage Phase 0 2009 -2014 Preparation stage -Capacity development in land tenuere management -Research capacity enhancement -Agriculture extension improvement -Improve accessibility to agriculture inputs and loan -Capacity development in land tenuere management -Research capacity enhancement -Agriculture extension improvement -Improve accessibility to agriculture inputs and loan -Land registration -Establishment of agricultural cooperative -Establishment of value chain -Vegetable production promotion -Contractual farming -Land registration -Establishment of agricultural cooperative -Establishment of value chain -Vegetable production promotion -Contractual farming -Continuous implementation of each activity Master Plan Formulation Master Plan Formulation a.Sufficient dialogue with small-scale farmers and local civil society organizations b.Careful consideration of the current situation of the farmers c.Gradual implementation of the Agricultural Master Plan targeting the year 2030

12. 4.4. ProSAVANA Development Scenario Increase productivity and production, and diversify agricultural production Improve food security for the local inhabitants (majority is small-scale farmers) Create employment through agricultural investment and establishment of a supply chain Improve the livelihood of inhabitants through inclusive and sustainable agricultural and regional development Implement measures through dialogues with local inhabitants Implementation of ProSAVANA Establishment of the development model

13. 5. Final Remarks of the Presenter Lessons learned: Proper communication and dialogue with local communities at each stage are important Challenges: Ensuring the operation of ProSAVANA (Capacity development) Improvement of human resources Ensuring the budgeting Monitoring the progress of the development For the implementation of ProSAVANA: ProSAVANA facilitates a careful and sufficient dialogue between small holder farmers and investors. Reflecting farmers and civil society’s ideas in implementation of each Projects

14. Thank You For Your Attention