1. 2’s Complement Arithmetic (remember it’s a fixed length system)

2. Arithmetic in 2’s Complement (remember it’s a fixed length system) 00 + 00 = 00 00 + 01 = 01 01 + 00 = 01 01 + 01 = 10 in 2’s complement 11111111 + 1 in 2’s complement +00000001 0 discard the carry bit 100000000

3. Arithmetic in 2’s Complement The ability to represent negative values in Binary means that the Addition operation can be used to effect subtraction. The expression 7 – 3 can be alternatively represented as (+7) + (-3). With the 4 “Rules of Binary Addition” and 2’s Complement Notation, addition becomes subtraction.

4. Arithmetic in 2’s Complement (+7) - (+3)

5. Arithmetic in 2’s Complement (+7)00000111 - (+3)

6. Arithmetic in 2’s Complement (+7)00000111 - (+3)00000011

7. Arithmetic in 2’s Complement (+7)00000111 - (+3)00000011 11111100

8. Arithmetic in 2’s Complement (+7)00000111 - (+3)00000011 11111100 +1

9. Arithmetic in 2’s Complement (+7)00000111 00000011 + 11111101 11111100 +1 + (-3)11111101

10. Arithmetic in 2’s Complement (remember it’s a fixed length system) (+7)00000111 + (-3)00000011 + 11111101 11111100 1 00000100 +1 discard the carry bit 11111101

11. Arithmetic in 2’s Complement (remember it’s a fixed length system) (+7)00000111 + (-3)0000001111111101 11111100 1 00000100 +1 discard the carry bit 11111101