1. Hawaiian Fisheries Bycatch Presentation by Mr. Jeremy Wilson, NOAA-NMFS, 2 October, 2007 Material not yet published does not represent the formal policies of NOAA-NMFS

2. Pacific Islands Regional Observer Program

3. Ecosystem-based Management Protect, restore, and manage the use of ocean, coastal, and Great Lakes resources. Protect, restore, and manage species and their habitats listed under the Endangered Species and Marine Mammal Protection Act. Manage and rebuild fisheries to population level that will support economically viable And sustainable harvests

4. Bycatch

5. Bycatch Definitions to be used in the national bycatch and discards report:  Bycatch - defined as the discarded catch of any living marine resource plus unobserved mortality due to a direct encounter with fishing gear (NMFS 1998a) This proposed definition is taken verbatim from the NMFS report Evaluating Bycatch: A National Approach to Standardized Bycatch Monitoring Programs (2004).  Discards - the portion of the catch of any living marine resource which is returned to the sea for whatever reason.

6. Bycatch Estimation Improvement Plan Process

8. Description of Discard Classification System  Tier 1 – No Discard Estimates Possible or Unreliable Discard Estimates and/or Estimation Methodologies

9. Description of Discard Classification System  Tier 2 – Discard Estimates Have Low Reliability

10. Description of Discard Classification System  Tier 3 – Reliable Discard Estimates Observer programs essential for tier 3 and above

11. Description of Discard Classification System  Tier 4 – Moderately Reliable Discard Estimates

12. Description of Discard Classification System  Tier 5 – Highly Reliable Discard Estimates

13. Minimal standard for Tier assignments A1) Discarded Data Adequacy: Observer data (max 20 pts) (max 20 pts) Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 3 Tier 4 Tier 5 Sampling frame 5 pts 02345 Sampling Design 5 pts 02345 Design Implementation: (allocation of spatial and temporal coverage, vessel selection bias, w/in vessel sampling) 5 pts 02345 Quality control 5 pts 02233

14. Minimal standard for Tier assignments D) Analytical approach (max 30 pts) Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 3 Tier 4 Tier 5 Assumptions identified, tested, and appropriate 5 pts 02345 Peer-reviewed/published 5 pts 02344 Statistical properties (e.g., potential bias) 5 pts 02345 Accuracy tests (post-hoc) 5 pts 02333 Ease of implementation, timeliness 5 pts 02333 Measures of uncertainty and risk 5 pts 02345

15. Minimal standard for Tier assignments Totals Total with observer data 525374652 Total without observer data 020303639

18.  Overview: the FSSI performance measure for the sustainability of 230 U.S. fish stocks selected for their importance to commercial and recreational fisheries. The FSSI will increase as overfishing is ended and stocks rebuild to the level that provides maximum sustainable yield. Fish Stock Sustainability Index (FSSI)

21. Estimation of Bycatch  Bycatch estimates Protected species and rare species Protected species and rare species are done on a quarterly basisare done on a quarterly basis Common species Common species yearly estimatesyearly estimates  yearly estimate is the sum of the estimates for the corresponding quarters

22. Systematic-Plus Sampling Design  Sample based estimator  provides a quasi-probability sampling design  is impractical to achieve the full targeted coverage under the systematic design Observers are limited and can fluctuate Observers are limited and can fluctuate Level of fishing activity can vary Level of fishing activity can vary Estimating Bycatch for Hawaii-based Deep-set Pelagic Longline Fishery Deep-set Pelagic Longline Fishery(TUNA)

23. Observed Fisheries  Hawaii Tuna Longline  Hawaii Swordfish Longline  American Samoa Longline Program

24. Improvements  Biological data for bycatch spp.  Increased observer coverage  Experimental trips to study gear types Depth Depth Hook sizes Hook sizes Seabird avoidance Seabird avoidance

25. Bycatch Reduction  Seabirds Many mitigation techniques Many mitigation techniques Side settingSide setting Blue-dyed baitBlue-dyed bait Strategic discardsStrategic discards TimesTimes  Fish species Biological information Biological information  Turtles Hooks sizes Hooks sizes Gear depth Gear depth

30. Informative Websites  http://www.fpir.noaa.gov http://www.fpir.noaa.gov NOAA Fisheries Pacific Island Regional Office NOAA Fisheries Pacific Island Regional Office  http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/sfa/ http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/sfa/ NOAA Fisheries Sustainable Fisheries NOAA Fisheries Sustainable Fisheries  http://www.wpcouncil.org http://www.wpcouncil.org Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council

31. Contacts NOAA Pacific Islands Regional Office 1601 Kapiolani Blvd., Suite 1110 Honolulu, HI 96814-4700 808.944.2200 Fax: 808.973.2941 Jeremy.Willson@noaa.gov http://www.fpir.noaa.gov