SCALAR WAVE LASER SEMINAR

SCALAR WAVE LASER SEMINAR
WELCOME SCALAR WAVE LASER SEMINAR

Dr. Zayd, ND LIVE LONG LIVE HEALTHY START NOW
YOUR JOURNEY TOWARDS HEALTH Dr. Zayd, ND Medical Director Advanced Hyperbaric & Recovery Center Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Many Of My Patients Have Said…
My Practice! 10 Years In Practice Medical Director: The Advanced Hyperbaric & Recovery Center! Specialty – Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Treating Very Debilitated Patients From All Over The World! Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Has Given My Patients Remarkable Results! If Only I Had Discovered Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Sooner! Many Of My Patients Have Said… Home health is the key

Today’s Society Underlying fact: Causes in our body:
Chronic disease is rising Cancer, arthritis, heart disease, diabetes We are not functioning at our peak performance Underlying fact: STRESS, POOR DIET, POOR LYFESTYLE, TOXIC ENVIRONMENT Causes in our body: Free Radical damage, chronic inflammation, cellular/structural degeneration Results in our body: Not functioning at our peak potential Chronic health challenges Not living to our genetic capability

DEFINITION OF LIGHT LIGHT is often described as electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength that is visible to the eye. HOWEVER, in a technical or scientific context, the word is used to mean electromagnetic radiation of all wavelengths. THE PHOTON is the smallest amount of electromagnetic radiation. The photon has a dualistic behaviour, sometimes it behaves as a wave and sometimes as a particle. Because of this, it is often named a “wave particle”

THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM
Many species can see wavelengths that fall outside the "visible spectrum". Bees and many other insects can see light in the ultraviolet, which helps them find nectar in flowers. Plant species that depend on insect pollination may owe reproductive success to their appearance in ultraviolet light, rather than how colourful they appear to us. Birds too can see into the ultraviolet ( nm), and some have sex-dependent markings on their plumage, which are only visible in the ultraviolet range A typical human eye will respond to wavelengths from about 380 to 750 nm High energy breaks chemical bonds

LIGHT THERAPY Electromagnetic Radiation
a form of energy carried by waves GAMMA RAYS X RAYS ULTRAVIOLET RAYS VISIBLE LIGHT INFRARED RADIATION MICROWAVES RADAR RADIO WAVES Light carries energy & Energy Cannot Be Created Nor Destroyed ULTRAVIOLET RAYS --- TANNING VISIBLE LIGHT --- WHAT WE SEE INFRARED RADIATION, ---- HEAT

LASER LIGHT THERAPY TYPES OF LASERS VARIABLES:
Current Uses In Medicine LASER HAIR REMOVAL LASER EYE SURGERY LASER SURGERY TYPES OF LASERS 1. Hot laser 2. Cold laser VARIABLES: 1. Intensity 2. frequency 3. Wavelength Hot Lasers Cold Lasers

ENERGY CANNOT BE CREATED OR DESTROYED
LIGHT ENERGY Atoms Elements Molecules Macromolecules Cell organelles Populations Organisms Systems Organs Tissues CELLS Ecosystems Biospheres Planets Planetary Systems with Stars THE UNIVERSE Galaxies

ENERGY PRODUCTION Mitochondria in The Cell
This is where the combustion process takes place The power house of the cell Generates most of the cell’s supply of ATP ATP: The body’s “ENERGY CURRENCY” and is absolutely fundamental for the overall function of the body Animals oxidize organic matter to build ATP molecules Plants use solar energy to build ATP

Mitochondria in The Cell
ENERGY PRODUCTION Mitochondria in The Cell

Light donates photons and ACTIVATES CYTOCHROME C OXIDASE
ENERGY PRODUCTION Light donates photons and ACTIVATES CYTOCHROME C OXIDASE LIGHT

ENERGY PRODUCTION The word LASER is an acronym derived from the sentence: Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation

ENERGY PRODUCTION Neural tissue (in the brain) Heart Pancreas Liver
RICHEST & MOST DENSE ORGANS WITH MITOCHONDRIA Neural tissue (in the brain) Heart Pancreas Liver

LASER THERAPY (LLLT) Primary effects: ENERGY Secondary effects:
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY Tissue Regeneration Pain Reduction Increase Circulation (Microcirculation)

FINALLY LEAD TO TOTAL REPAIR
ANTI-INFLAMMATION Laser produces energy Energy produces reactive oxygen species Reactive oxygen species produces inflammatory proteins and chemicals Body responds with anti-inflammatory response Low grade smoldering fire to a self contained large fire that is easily put out. Focuses the body response in the current area. Note: LLLT takes Chronic inflammation to an acute inflammatory response which can: FINALLY LEAD TO TOTAL REPAIR

ANTI-INFLAMMATION Lasers Surg Med Apr;41(4): Low level light effects on inflammatory cytokine production by rheumatoid arthritis synoviocytes. Yamaura M, Yao M, Yaroslavsky I, Cohen R, Smotrich M, Kochevar IE. Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Low level light therapy (LLLT) is being evaluated for treating chronic and acute pain associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other inflammatory diseases. The mechanisms underlying the effectiveness of LLLT for pain relief in RA are not clear. The objectives of this study were to determine whether LLLT decreased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by cells from RA joints, and, if so, to identify cellular mechanisms. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: Synoviocytes from RA patients were treated with 810 nm radiation before or after addition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). mRNA for TNF-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, and IL-8 was measured after 30, 60, and 180 minutes using RT-PCR. Intracellular and extracellular protein levels for 12 cytokines/chemokines were measured at 4, 8, and 24 hours using multiplexed ELISA. NF-kappaB activation was detected using Western blotting to follow degradation of IkappaBalpha and nuclear localization of the p65 subunit of NF-kappaB. RESULTS: Radiation at 810 nm (5 J/cm(2)) given before or after TNF-alpha decreases the mRNA level of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta in RA synoviocytes. This treatment using 25 J/cm(2) also decreases the intracellular levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-8 protein but did not affect the levels of seven other cytokines/chemokines. TNF-alpha-induced activation of NF-kappaB is not altered by 810 nm radiation using 25 J/cm(2). CONCLUSIONS: The mechanism for relieving joint pain in RA by LLLT may involve reducing the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines produced by synoviocytes. This mechanism may be more general and underlie the beneficial effects of LLLT on other inflammatory conditions.

ANTI-INFLAMMATION Photomed Laser Surg. 2010 Acute Low Back Pain with Radiculopathy: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study. Konstantinovic LM, Kanjuh ZM, Milovanovic AN, Cutovic MR, Djurovic AG, Savic VG, Dragin AS, Milovanovic ND. 1 Clinic for Rehabilitation, Medical School , Belgrade, Serbia. Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in patients with acute low back pain (LBP) with radiculopathy. Background Data: Acute LBP with radiculopathy is associated with pain and disability and the important pathogenic role of inflammation. LLLT has shown significant anti-inflammatory effects in many studies. Materials and Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed on 546 patients. Group A (182 patients) was treated with nimesulide 200 mg/day and additionally with active LLLT; group B (182 patients) was treated only with nimesulide; and group C (182 patients) was treated with nimesulide and placebo LLLT. LLLT was applied behind the involved spine segment using a stationary skin-contact method. Patients were treated 5 times weekly, for a total of 15 treatments, with the following parameters: wavelength 904 nm; frequency 5000 Hz; 100-mW average diode power; power density of 20 mW/cm(2) and dose of 3 J/cm(2); treatment time 150 sec at whole doses of 12 J/cm(2). The outcomes were pain intensity measured with a visual analog scale (VAS); lumbar movement, with a modified Schober test; pain disability, with Oswestry disability score; and quality of life, with a 12-item short-form health survey questionnaire (SF-12). Subjects were evaluated before and after treatment. Statistical analyses were done with SPSS Results: Statistically significant differences were found in all outcomes measured (p < 0.001), but were larger in group A than in B (p < ) and C (p < ). The results in group C were better than in group B (p < ). Conclusions: The results of this study show better improvement in acute LBP treated with LLLT used as additional therapy.

ANTI-INFLAMMATION Anti-Inflammatory Effects of LLLT vs. NSAID’s NSAIDS
“Head to head comparison between LLLT and pharmacological substances in four animal studies found that there were no differences in anti-inflammatory effects between LLLT and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as indomethacin, meloxicam, celecoxib, and diclofenac when they were administered at doses equivalent to those given in clinical practice” NSAIDS LLLT allergic reaction cardiovascular gastrointestinal hematologic renal

INFLAMMATION AND PAIN Lancet Dec 5;374(9705): Efficacy of low-level laser therapy in the management of neck pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised placebo or active-treatment controlled trials. Chow RT, Johnson MI, Lopes-Martins RA, Bjordal JM. Nerve Research Foundation, Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Comment in: Lancet Dec 5;374(9705): BACKGROUND: Neck pain is a common and costly condition for which pharmacological management has limited evidence of efficacy and side-effects. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is a relatively uncommon, non-invasive treatment for neck pain, in which non-thermal laser irradiation is applied to sites of pain. We did a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials to assess the efficacy of LLLT in neck pain. METHODS: We searched computerised databases comparing efficacy of LLLT using any wavelength with placebo or with active control in acute or chronic neck pain. Effect size for the primary outcome, pain intensity, was defined as a pooled estimate of mean difference in change in mm on 100 mm visual analogue scale. FINDINGS: We identified 16 randomised controlled trials including a total of 820 patients. In acute neck pain, results of two trials showed a relative risk (RR) of 1.69 (95% CI ) for pain improvement of LLLT versus placebo. Five trials of chronic neck pain reporting categorical data showed an RR for pain improvement of 4.05 ( ) of LLLT. Patients in 11 trials reporting changes in visual analogue scale had pain intensity reduced by mm ( ). Seven trials provided follow-up data for 1-22 weeks after completion of treatment, with short-term pain relief persisting in the medium term with a reduction of mm ( ). Side-effects from LLLT were mild and not different from those of placebo. INTERPRETATION: We show that LLLT reduces pain immediately after treatment in acute neck pain and up to 22 weeks after completion of treatment in patients with chronic neck pain.

Anti-Inflammatory PAIN REDUCTION Tissue Regeneration Increase Circulation (Microcirculation)

NERVES AND PAIN LOW LEVEL LASERS CAN CAUSE: NERVE STIMULATION EFFECTS
NERVE INHIBITION EFFECTS NERVE REGENERATION EFFECTS

NERVES & PAIN NERVE INHIBITION
Anesth Analg Sep;107(3): Pre-Irradiation of blood by gallium aluminum arsenide (830 nm) low-level laser enhances peripheral endogenous opioid analgesia in rats. Hagiwara S, Iwasaka H, Hasegawa A, Noguchi T. Department of Brain and Nerve Science, Anesthesiology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka-Hasamamachi-Yufu City-Oita , Japan. BACKGROUND: Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been reported to relieve pain, free of side effects. However, the mechanisms underlying LLLT are not well understood. Recent studies have also demonstrated that opioid-containing immune cells migrate to inflamed sites and release beta-endorphins to inhibit pain as a mode of peripheral endogenous opioid analgesia. We investigated whether pre-irradiation of blood by LLLT enhances peripheral endogenous opioid analgesia. METHODS: The effect of LLLT pretreatment of blood on peripheral endogenous opioid analgesia was evaluated in a rat model of inflammation. Additionally, the effect of LLLT on opioid production was also investigated in vitro in rat blood cells. The expression of the beta-endorphin precursors, proopiomelanocortin and corticotrophin releasing factor, were investigated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: LLLT pretreatment produced an analgesic effect in inflamed peripheral tissue, which was transiently antagonized by naloxone. Correspondingly, beta-endorphin precursor mRNA expression increased with LLLT, both in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that that LLLT pretreatment of blood induces analgesia in rats by enhancing peripheral endogenous opioid production, in addition to previously reported mechanisms.

NERVES & PAIN NERVE REGENERATION
Photomed Laser Surg Oct;25(5): Laser phototherapy (780 nm), a new modality in treatment of long-term incomplete peripheral nerve injury: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. Rochkind S, Drory V, Alon M, Nissan M, Ouaknine GE. Division of Peripheral Nerve Reconstruction, Department of Neurosurgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel. OBJECTIVE: The authors conducted this pilot study to prospectively investigate the effectiveness of low-power laser irradiation (780 nm) in the treatment of patients suffering from incomplete peripheral nerve and brachial plexus injuries for 6 months up to several years. BACKGROUND DATA: Injury of a major nerve trunk frequently results in considerable disability associated with loss of sensory and motor functions. Spontaneous recovery of long-term severe incomplete peripheral nerve injury is often unsatisfactory. METHODS: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed on 18 patients who were randomly assigned placebo (non-active light: diffused LED lamp) or low-power laser irradiation (wavelength, 780 nm; power, 250 mW). Twenty-one consecutive daily sessions of laser or placebo irradiation were applied transcutaneously for 3 h to the injured peripheral nerve (energy density, 450 J/mm(2)) and for 2 h to the corresponding segments of the spinal cord (energy density, 300 J/mm(2)). Clinical and electrophysiological assessments were done at baseline, at the end of the 21 days of treatment, and 3 and 6 months thereafter. RESULTS: The laser-irradiated and placebo groups were in clinically similar conditions at baseline. The analysis of motor function during the 6-month follow-up period compared to baseline showed statistically significant improvement (p = ) in the laser-treated group compared to the placebo group. No statistically significant difference was found in sensory function. Electrophysiological analysis also showed statistically significant improvement in recruitment of voluntary muscle activity in the laser-irradiated group (p = 0.006), compared to the placebo group. CONCLUSION: This pilot study suggests that in patients with long-term peripheral nerve injury noninvasive 780-nm laser phototherapy can progressively improve nerve function, which leads to significant functional recovery.

NERVES & PAIN NERVE STIMULATION
Lasers Surg Med Jul;39(6): Optically mediated nerve stimulation: Identification of injury thresholds. Wells JD, Thomsen S, Whitaker P, Jansen ED, Kao CC, Konrad PE, Mahadevan-Jansen A. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Box Station B, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Transient optical nerve stimulation is a promising new non-contact, spatially precise, artifact-free neural excitation technique useful in research and clinical settings. This study evaluates safety of this pulsed infrared laser technique by histopathologic examination of stimulated peripheral nerves. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: Exposed rat sciatic nerves were functionally stimulated with the pulsed Holmium:YAG laser, previously validated as an effective tool for optical stimulation. Nerves were removed immediately and up to 2 weeks after stimulation and assessed histologically for thermal damage. Laser parameters studied include upper limits for radiant exposure, repetition rate, and duration of stimulation. RESULTS: Radiant exposures with <1% probability of thermal tissue damage ( J/cm(2)) are significantly greater than radiant exposures required for reliable stimulation ( J/cm(2)). The upper limit for safe laser stimulation repetition rate occurs near 5 Hz. Maximum duration for constant low repetition rate stimulation (2 Hz) is approximately 4 minutes with adequate tissue hydration. CONCLUSION: Results confirm that optical stimulation has the potential to become a powerful non-contact clinical and research tool for brief nerve stimulation with low risk of nerve thermal damage. (c) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Anti-Inflammatory Pain Reduction TISSUE REGENERATION Increase Circulation (Microcirculation)

WOUND HEALING Inflammation phase Proliferation phase
The wound healing process is a series of events that begin at the moment of injury and can continue for months to years. The process of wound healing can roughly be divided into 3 steps: Inflammation phase Proliferation phase Maturation and remodelling phase (ie, scar tissue) Any method that can accelerate any of these steps could also improve the wound healing process

WOUND HEALING Photomed Laser Surg Oct 1. Effects of 780-nm Low-level Laser Therapy with a Pulsed Gallium Aluminum Arsenide Laser on the Healing of a Surgically Induced Open Skin Wound of Rat. Bayat M, Azari A, Golmohammadi MG. Physical Therapy Research Group, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research, Iran Medical Science Branch University , Vanak, Tehran, Iran . Abstract Objective: The aim of the present investigation is to evaluate the effects of a 780-nm low-level laser on open skin wound healing. Background Data: Optimal parameters of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) for wound healing are discussed. Methods: One full-thickness skin wound was surgically induced in the dorsum skin of 30 rats. The rats were divided into two groups. Rats in the experimental group were daily treated with a gallium aluminum arsenide (GaAlAs) laser (2 J/cm(2), lambda = 780 nm, pulse frequency of 2336 Hz). Rats in the sham-exposed group received LLLT with switched off equipment. After 4, 7, and 15 days, wounds were checked by histological and biomechanical methods. Data were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney U-test. Results: Fibroblasts, endothelium of blood vessels, blood vessel sections, and maximum stress were significantly increased, whereas macrophages were significantly decreased, compared with those of the sham-exposed group. Conclusion: Pulsed LLLT with a 780-nm GaAlAs laser significantly accelerates the process of healing of surgically induced, full-thickness skin wounds in rat.

WOUND HEALING Cell Tissue Bank Nov;10(4): Effects of diode laser therapy on the acellular dermal matrix. Soares LP, de Oliveira MG, de Almeida Reis SR. Department of Oralmaxillofacial Surgery, PUCRS School of Dentistry, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Acellular dermal matrix (ADM) was subcutaneously implanted into calvarian skin of male Wistar rats (n = 40). Low-level laser (lambda 685 nm, 4 J/cm(2)) was locally applied in experimental group (n = 20) above the skin flap. Grafts were harvested at 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after surgery and underwent histological analyses. In treated animals, the extent of edema and the number of inflammatory cells were reduced (P < 0.05). The amount of collagen in graft treated with low-level laser were significantly higher than those of controls (P < 0.05) and were statistically more prominent on the 14th day after surgery. The mean count of fibroblasts was significantly higher in the low-laser therapy group within the 3rd day, showing a marked influx of fibroblasts into area. In conclusion, wound healing of the ADM appear to be positively affected by laser therapy.

Anti-Inflammatory Pain Reduction Tissue Regeneration INCREASE CIRCULATION (MICROCIRCULATION)

MICROCIRCULATION Poor blood circulation is one of the main reasons behind many chronic conditions, particularly for patients with diabetes. One of the most important benefits of laser therapy is that it increases microcirculation immediately after treatment

MICROCIRCULATION VASODILATION
Not by heat but instead by a photobiomodulation of nitric oxide (NO) production.

MICROCIRCULATION Photomed Laser Surg Oct;26(5):443-9 Role of nitric oxide in the visible light-induced rapid increase of human skin microcirculation at the local and systemic levels: II. healthy volunteers. Samoilova KA, Zhevago NA, Petrishchev NN, Zimin AA. Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the skin microcirculation increase seen in healthy volunteers after a single exposure to polychromatic visible (pVIS) light, and to prove the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the development of this effect. BACKGROUND DATA: Improvement of microcirculation is one of the most important effects of laser and pVIS light therapy; however, its mechanism of action remains unknown. A main role in the regulation of vascular tone is known to be played by NO. It is produced by NO-synthase (NOS) located in membranes of many cells, including endothelial and blood cells. NOS, a biopteroflavohemoprotein, absorbs pVIS light, resulting in its activation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The central area of the dorsal side of the right hand (24 cm2) of 42 volunteers was irradiated for 5 min with pVIS light from a Q-light ( nm, 95% polarization, 40 mW/cm2, 12 J/cm2). Then for 90 min, the blood flow rate (Qas) was measured eight times, both in the area of the irradiation (local effect) and in the non-irradiated left hand (systemic effect) by using a high-frequency ultrasound Doppler device, recording Qas in human skin to a depth up to 5 mm. In the central area of the right hand of 14 volunteers an NOS inhibitor, N-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA, 0.1% solution), was iontophoretically administered prior to exposure, whereas in 10 other subjects it was administered to the left hand with subsequent exposure of the right hand. RESULTS: As soon as 2 min after exposure, Qas in the irradiated area rose on average by 32%, and in 20 min by 45%; it then decreased and in 90 min returned to the initial level. A statistically significant Qas increase in the non-irradiated hand was recorded in 5 min (+9%), and in 20 min it reached a maximum level (+39%), and 90 min later it decreased to the initial values. The presence of L-NMMA in the light-exposed area completely blocked the photoinduced rise of microcirculation, both in the irradiated and in non-irradiated hand; however, its administration to the non-irradiated hand did not prevent these effects. CONCLUSION: The increase in skin microcirculation produced by pVIS light at the local and systemic levels is due to activation of NO synthesis in the irradiated area

SUMMARY NERVE FUNCTION (stimulation, healing, and pain reduction)
In summary, laser therapy normalizes our body’s cellular functions by restoring disabled mitochondrial ATP production. This in turn leads to a cascade of processes that increases the recovery of damaged or poorly functioning tissue. The main categories of recovery are: NERVE FUNCTION (stimulation, healing, and pain reduction) INFLAMMATION (takes the chronic inflammation into the acute phase) WOUND HEALING (inflammation, proliferation, maturation) CIRCULATION (vasodilation and microcirculation)

LOW LEVEL LASER LIGHT THERAPY
30 countries Thousands of hospitals, clinics, private practices 2500 research studies last 20 years proving efficacy of laser technology on human body.

LASER THERAPY (LLLT) DOUBLE-BLIND STUDIES Stroke TMJ Tinnitus
Herpes Simplex Chronic Neck Pain Oral Mucositis Shoulder Pain Myofascial Pain Syndrome Chronic Back Pain Lymphedema Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Epicondylitis Arthritis Sports Injuries Ankle Sprains Achilles tendinitis Acne Vulgarus

LATEST STUDIES & RESEARCH
Photomed Laser Surg Oct 12. [Epub ahead of print] Links High-Intensity Laser and Photodynamic Therapy as a Treatment for Recurrent Herpes Labialis. Marotti J, Sperandio FF, Fregnani ER, Aranha AC, de Freitas PM, de Paula Eduardo C. 1 Department of Prosthodontics/Special Laboratory of Lasers in Dentistry (LELO), School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo , São Paulo, Brazil . Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to report the treatment of recurrent herpes labialis (RHL) using a high-intensity laser or methylene blue (MB)-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) in combination with low-level laser therapy (LLLT). Materials and Methods: Four clinical cases of patients diagnosed with RHL are described in this report. Two patients were subjected to high-intensity laser therapy (HILT) followed by LLLT, and two patients received MB-mediated PDT, again followed by LLLT. LLLT was conducted at 24, 48, 72 h, and 7 d after HILT or PDT. Patients were followed up after 6 mo. Results: Throughout the follow-up period, all patients reported pain relief and did not show any signs or symptoms of RHL. A favorable healing process was observed in all cases. None of the patients reported pain as a consequence of the treatment. Conclusion: These results suggest that HILT and MB-mediated PDT, in combination with LLLT, may constitute a benefit when treating vesicles in RHL.

Effects of Low-Level Laser Therapy on Pain and Scar Formation after Inguinal Herniation Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Single-Blind Study. de Paiva Carvalho RL, Alcântara PS, Kamamoto F, Cressoni MD, Casarotto RA. 1 Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences , University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil . Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of an infrared GaAlAs laser operating with a wavelength of 830 nm in the postsurgical scarring process after inguinal-hernia surgery. Background: Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been shown to be beneficial in the tissue-repair process, as previously demonstrated in tissue culture and animal experiments. However, there is lack of studies on the effects of LLLT on postsurgical scarring of incisions in humans using an infrared 830-nm GaAlAs laser. Method: Twenty-eight patients who underwent surgery for inguinal hernias were randomly divided into an experimental group (G1) and a control group (G2). G1 received LLLT, with the first application performed 24 h after surgery and then on days 3, 5, and 7. The incisions were irradiated with an 830-nm diode laser operating with a continuous power output of 40 mW, a spot-size aperture of 0.08 cm(2) for 26 s, energy per point of 1.04 J, and an energy density of 13 J/cm(2). Ten points per scar were irradiated. Six months after surgery, both groups were reevaluated using the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS), the Visual Analog Scale, and measurement of the scar thickness. Results: G1 showed significantly better results in the VSS totals (2.14 +/- 1.51) compared with G2 (4.85 +/- 1.87); in the thickness measurements (0.11 cm) compared with G2 (0.19 cm); and in the malleability (0.14) compared with G2 (1.07). The pain score was also around 50% higher in G2. Conclusion: Infra-red LLLT (830 nm) applied after inguinal-hernia surgery was effective in preventing the formation of keloids. In addition, LLLT resulted in better scar appearance and quality 6 mo postsurgery.

Photomed Laser Surg Sep 22. [Epub ahead of print] Links In Vivo Effects on the Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A(165) Messenger Ribonucleic Acid of an Infrared Diode Laser Associated or Not with a Visible Red Diode Laser. Silva TC, Oliveira TM, Sakai VT, Dionísio TJ, Santos CF, Bagnato VS, Machado MA. 1 Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics, and Community Health, University of São Paulo , Bauru, Brazil . Abstract Objective: This study investigated and correlated the kinetic expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A(165) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) with the associated use or not of an infrared laser and a visible red laser during the wound healing in rats. Background Data: There is a lack of scientific evidence demonstrating the influence of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on the expression of VEGF mRNA in vivo. Materials and Methods: Forty-five Wistar rats were randomly allocated to one of three groups: I (n = 5, nonoperated animals), II (n = 25, operated animals), and III (n = 25, animals operated and subjected to laser irradiation). A surgical wound was performed using a scalpel in the right side of the tongue of operated animals. In group III, two sessions of laser irradiation were performed, one right after the surgical procedure (infrared laser, 780 nm, 70 mW, 35 J/cm(2)) and the other 48 h later (visible red laser, 660 nm, 40 mW, 5 J/cm(2)). Five animals each were sacrificed 1, 3, 5, and 7 days postoperatively in groups II and III, and samples of tongue tissue were obtained. The animals of group I were sacrificed on day 7. Total RNA was extracted using guanidine-isothiocyanate-phenol-chloroform method. The results of horizontal electrophoresis after reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction permitted the ratio of VEGF-A(165) mRNA and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA expression for groups I, II, and III to be assessed (two-way analysis of variance and Tukey test, p < 0.05). Results: The expression of VEGF-A(165) mRNA in group II ( / ) was statistically greater than that observed in groups I ( / ) and III ( / ) in the first day after surgery (p < 0.05). Significant differences between the groups were not observed in other time periods. Conclusion: LLLT influenced the expression of VEGF-A(165) mRNA during wound healing after a surgical procedure on the tongue of Wistar rats.

Photomed Laser Surg Sep 11. [Epub ahead of print] Links The Effect of Equal Daily Dose Achieved by Different Power Densities of Low-Level Laser Therapy at 635 and 670 nm on Wound Tensile Strength in Rats: A Short Report. Vasilenko T, Slezák M, Kováč I, Bottková Z, Jakubčo J, Kostelníková M, Tomori Z, Gál P. 1 Department of Medical Biophysics, Pavol Jozef Safárik University , Kosice, Slovak Republic. Abstract Objective: The aim of our study was to compare the effects of different power densities of LLLT at 635 and 670 nm achieving a daily dose of 5 J/cm(2) on wound tensile strength (TS) in rats. Background Data: Optimal parameters of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) are still unknown. Materials and Methods: Under general anesthesia, one full-thickness skin incision was performed on the back of each rat (n = 40) and immediately closed using an intradermal running suture. Rats were separated into five groups depending on treatment parameters: (1) sham irradiated control group (SIC); (2) 635 nm laser-treated group at 4 mW/cm(2) (L-635/4); (3) 635 nm laser-treated group at 15 mW/cm(2) (L-635/15); (4) 670 nm laser-treated group at 4 mW/cm(2) (L-670/4); and (5) 670 nm laser-treated group at 15 mW/cm(2) (L-670/15). The total daily dose was 5 J/cm(2). Seven days after surgery each wound was removed for wound TS measurement. Results: The lowest wound TS results were measured in the SIC rats (10.5 +/- 2.8 g/mm(2)). Higher wound TS results were measured in group L-670/15 (11.5 +/- 2.5 g/mm(2)) and group L-635/4 (11.7 +/- 4.3 g/mm(2)) rats, while significantly higher results were found in group L-670/4 (15.8 +/- 4.4 g/mm(2)) and group L-635/15 (15.9 +/- 4.8 g/mm(2)). The differences were significant between certain groups (p < 0.01: SIC vs. L-635/15, SIC vs. L-670/4; p < 0.05: L-635/4 vs. L-635/15, L-635/4 vs. L-670/4, L-635/15 vs. L-670/15, L-670/4 vs. L-670/15). Conclusion: Both red lasers significantly increased wound TS at selected parameters. Whereas the 635 nm laser significantly improved wound healing by using the higher power density, the 670 nm laser improved healing using a lower power density.

Photomed Laser Surg Aug 27. [Epub ahead of print] Links Effect of Low-Level Laser Therapy and Calcitonin on Bone Repair in Castrated Rats: A Densitometric Study. Nascimento SB, Cardoso CA, Ribeiro TP, Almeida JD, Albertini R, Munin E, Arisawa EA. 1 Biomedical Vibrational Spectroscopy Laboratory, Research and Development Institute, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba , São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil . Abstract Objective: To investigate the healing of bone defects in male rats treated with salmon calcitonin, low-level laser therapy (LLLT), or both. Background: Healing of bone defects still represents a challenge to health professionals in several areas. In this article, the effect of calcitonin in combination with LLLT on bone repair was studied. Densitometry was used as a valuable tool for the measurement of bone regeneration. Methods: Sixty male Wistar rats underwent bilateral castration surgery before the creation of a surgical bone defect. The animals were randomly divided into four groups: control, treated with calcitonin (Ca), treated with LLLT (La), and treated with calcitonin and LLLT (CaLa). Groups Ca and CaLa received 2 IU/kg of synthetic salmon calcitonin intramuscularly three times a week. Groups La and CaLa received laser therapy using a gallium-aluminum-arsenide laser (10 mW, 20 J/cm(2), wavelength 830 nm). Control animals were submitted to sham irradiation. The animals were sacrificed 7, 14, and 21 days after surgery, and bone defects were analyzed using densitometry. Results: The CaLa group had a higher degree of bone regeneration 14 and 21 days after surgery. Conclusions: The La and CaLa had significantly higher bone mineral density than the control and Ca groups.

Photomed Laser Surg Aug 26. [Epub ahead of print] Links Low Level Laser Treatment of Tendinopathy: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis. Tumilty S, Munn J, McDonough S, Hurley DA, Basford JR, Baxter GD. 1 Centre for Physiotherapy Research, School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago , Dunedin, New Zealand Abstract Objectives: To assess the clinical effectiveness of Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) in the treatment of tendinopathy. Secondary objectives were to determine the relevance of irradiation parameters to outcomes, and the validity of current dosage recommendations for the treatment of tendinopathy. Background: LLLT is proposed as a possible treatment for tendon injuries. However, the clinical effectiveness of this modality remains controversial, with limited agreement on the most efficacious dosage and parameter choices. Method: The following databases were searched from inception to 1(st) August 2008: MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, AMED, EMBASE, All EBM reviews, PEDro (Physiotherapy Evidence Database), SCOPUS. Controlled clinical trials evaluating LLLT as a primary intervention for any tendinopathy were included in the review. Methodological quality was classified as: high (>/=6 out of 10 on the PEDro scale) or low (<6) to grade the strength of evidence. Accuracy and clinical appropriateness of treatment parameters were assessed using established recommendations and guidelines. Results: Twenty-five controlled clinical trials met the inclusion criteria. There were conflicting findings from multiple trials: 12 showed positive effects and 13 were inconclusive or showed no effect. Dosages used in the 12 positive studies would support the existence of an effective dosage window that closely resembled current recommended guidelines. In two instances where pooling of data was possible, LLLT showed a positive effect size; in studies of lateral epicondylitis that scored >/=6 on the PEDro scale, participants' grip strength was 9.59 kg higher than that of the control group; for participants with Achilles tendinopathy, the effect was 13.6 mm less pain on a 100 mm visual analogue scale. Conclusion: LLLT can potentially be effective in treating tendinopathy when recommended dosages are used. The 12 positive studies provide strong evidence that positive outcomes are associated with the use of current dosage recommendations for the treatment of tendinopathy.

J Chiropr Med Dec;7(4): Links Effect of laser acupoint treatment on blood pressure and body weight-a pilot study. Zhang J, Marquina N, Oxinos G, Sau A, Ng D. Associate Director of Research, Research Department, Logan College of Chiropractic, Chesterfield, MO. OBJECTIVE: This study reports on the effects of laser acupuncture on blood pressure, body weight, and heart rate variability by stimulating acupuncture points and meridians on college students and faculty members. METHODS: Forty-five students and faculty members from a chiropractic college were recruited in the study. All subjects signed a written informed consent before their participation in the study. This study was a randomized controlled pilot study with subjects divided into control and experimental groups. The control group received a sham low-level laser therapy treatment with no power output to the laser during their "treatment." The experimental group was treated with an activated laser. The acupuncture points used in this study were LI 4 and LI 11 for body weight and blood pressure. The treatment groups received 16 J of laser energy output for a total treatment time of 8 minutes (4 minutes for each of the 2 points). RESULTS: After using the laser treatment for 90 days (at least 12 treatments per subject), both the systolic and diastolic blood pressures decreased significantly (P < .01). The mean systolic blood pressure was / mm Hg before the treatment and was reduced to / mm Hg (P < .001). The mean diastolic blood pressure was /- 8.0 mm Hg before treatment and was reduced to /- 8.7 mm Hg (P < .001). Subject's body weight was reduced in the active acupoint group, but the weight reduction did not reach a significant level. There were no significant changes in the heart rate variability. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that low-level laser treatment of acupoint resulted in lower blood pressure by stimulating the LI 11 and LI 4. No significant difference was observed in both the body weight and heart rate variability after the laser acupoint treatment.

: Clin Rheumatol Sep;28(9): Epub 2009 Jun 21. Links Comparison of splinting and splinting plus low-level laser therapy in idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome. Yagci I, Elmas O, Akcan E, Ustun I, Gunduz OH, Guven Z. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Marmara University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. This study aimed to compare the short-term efficacy of splinting (S) and splinting plus low-level laser therapy (SLLLT) in mild or moderate idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) with a prospective, randomized controlled study. The patients with unilateral, mild, or moderate idiopathic CTS who experienced symptoms over 3 months were included in the study. The SLLLT group received ten sessions of laser therapy and splinting while S group was given only splints. The patients were evaluated at the baseline and after 3 months of the treatment. Follow-up parameters were nerve conduction study (NCS), Boston Questionnaire (BQ), grip strength, and clinical response criteria. Forty-five patients with CTS completed the study. Twenty-four patients were in S and 21 patients were in SLLLT group. In the third-month control, SLLLT group had significant improvements on both clinical and NCS parameters (median motor nerve distal latency, median sensory nerve conduction velocities, BQ symptom severity scale, and BQ functional capacity scale) while S group had only symptomatic healing (BQ symptom severity scale). The grip strength of splinting group was decreased significantly. According to clinical response criteria, in SLLLT group, five (23.8%) patients had full and 12 (57.1%) had partial recovery; four (19%) patients had no change or worsened. In S group, one patient (4.2%) had full and 17 (70.8%) partial recovery; six (25%) patients had no change or worsened. Additionally, applied laser therapy provided better outcomes on NCS but not in clinical parameters in patients with CTS.

Mol Neurodegener Jun 17;4:26. Links Reduced axonal transport in Parkinson's disease cybrid neurites is restored by light therapy. Trimmer PA, Schwartz KM, Borland MK, De Taboada L, Streeter J, Oron U. University of Virginia, Morris K Udall Parkinson's Research Center of Excellence and Department of Neurology, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA. ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: It has been hypothesized that reduced axonal transport contributes to the degeneration of neuronal processes in Parkinson's disease (PD). Mitochondria supply the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) needed to support axonal transport and contribute to many other cellular functions essential for the survival of neuronal cells. Furthermore, mitochondria in PD tissues are metabolically and functionally compromised. To address this hypothesis, we measured the velocity of mitochondrial movement in human transmitochondrial cybrid "cytoplasmic hybrid" neuronal cells bearing mitochondrial DNA from patients with sporadic PD and disease-free age-matched volunteer controls (CNT). The absorption of low level, near-infrared laser light by components of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (mtETC) enhances mitochondrial metabolism, stimulates oxidative phosphorylation and improves redox capacity. PD and CNT cybrid neuronal cells were exposed to near-infrared laser light to determine if the velocity of mitochondrial movement can be restored by low level light therapy (LLLT). Axonal transport of labeled mitochondria was documented by time lapse microscopy in dopaminergic PD and CNT cybrid neuronal cells before and after illumination with an 810 nm diode laser (50 mW/cm2) for 40 seconds. Oxygen utilization and assembly of mtETC complexes were also determined. RESULTS: The velocity of mitochondrial movement in PD cybrid neuronal cells ( / SEM) was significantly reduced (p < 0.02) compared to mitochondrial movement in disease free CNT cybrid neuronal cells ( / SEM). For two hours after LLLT, the average velocity of mitochondrial movement in PD cybrid neurites was significantly (p < 0.003) increased (to / SEM) and restored to levels comparable to CNT. Mitochondrial movement in CNT cybrid neurites was unaltered by LLLT ( / SEM). Assembly of complexes in the mtETC was reduced and oxygen utilization was altered in PD cybrid neuronal cells. PD cybrid neuronal cell lines with the most dysfunctional mtETC assembly and oxygen utilization profiles were least responsive to LLLT. CONCLUSION: The results from this study support our proposal that axonal transport is reduced in sporadic PD and that a single, brief treatment with near-infrared light can restore axonal transport to control levels. These results are the first demonstration that LLLT can increase axonal transport in model human dopaminergic neuronal cells and they suggest that LLLT could be developed as a novel treatment to improve neuronal function in patients with PD.

Photomed Laser Surg Aug;27(4): Links The effect of low-level laser in knee osteoarthritis: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Hegedus B, Viharos L, Gervain M, Gálfi M. Physio- and Balneotherapy Center, Orosháza-Gyopáros, Hungary. INTRODUCTION: Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is thought to have an analgesic effect as well as a biomodulatory effect on microcirculation. This study was designed to examine the pain-relieving effect of LLLT and possible microcirculatory changes measured by thermography in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with mild or moderate KOA were randomized to receive either LLLT or placebo LLLT. Treatments were delivered twice a week over a period of 4 wk with a diode laser (wavelength 830 nm, continuous wave, power 50 mW) in skin contact at a dose of 6 J/point. The placebo control group was treated with an ineffective probe (power 0.5 mW) of the same appearance. Before examinations and immediately, 2 wk, and 2 mo after completing the therapy, thermography was performed (bilateral comparative thermograph by AGA infrared camera); joint flexion, circumference, and pressure sensitivity were measured; and the visual analogue scale was recorded. RESULTS: In the group treated with active LLLT, a significant improvement was found in pain (before treatment [BT]: 5.75; 2 mo after treatment : 1.18); circumference (BT: 40.45; AT: 39.86); pressure sensitivity (BT: 2.33; AT: 0.77); and flexion (BT: ; AT: ). In the placebo group, changes in joint flexion and pain were not significant. Thermographic measurements showed at least a 0.5 degrees C increase in temperature--and thus an improvement in circulation compared to the initial values. In the placebo group, these changes did not occur. CONCLUSION: Our results show that LLLT reduces pain in KOA and improves microcirculation in the irradiated area.

Rev Bras Cir Cardiovasc Mar;24(1): Links Low level laser therapy in acute dehiscence saphenectomy: therapeutic proposal. [Article in English, Portuguese] Pinto NC, Pereira MH, Stolf NA, Chavantes MC. Service of Laser Medical Center, Heart Institute - InCor/HC - Faculty of Medicine of the Universitof São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil. Dehiscence is a feared complication after major surgeries. Patient who had undergone coronary artery bypass grafting developed saphenectomy's dehiscence on lower limb with edema and pain on the 15th postoperative day. Conventional treatment had been initially performed without clinical improvement. On the 30th postoperative day only Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) was applied punctually around surgical wounds edge. The results revealed granulated tissue, reduction of inflammatory process and analgesic effect since the first application. In this pilot study, LLLT has shown a considerable role as a wound healing agent, through a new proposal for efficient, safe and noninvasive therapy.

: Vopr Kurortol Fizioter Lech Fiz Kult Mar-Apr;(2): Links [Low-intensity laser radiation in the combined treatment of patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis] [Article in Russian] Kashanskaia EP, Fedorov AA. This study included 89 patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis (COB) that were exposed to harmful occupational factors. The control group consisted of 30 healthy subjects. Chronic obstructive bronchitis is characterized by serious disturbances in the cardiorespiratory system that manifest themselves in the form of bronchogenic pneumosclerosis with moderate lung emphysema and pulmonary hypertension associated with impaired general resistance. Simultaneously, activity of lipid peroxidation reactions decreases. Application of low-intensity laser radiation in combination with other therapeutic modalities for the treatment of patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis accelerates elimination of clinical symptoms, increases its efficiency, promotes drainage function of the bronchi, facilitates normalization of the patient's immune status, and contributes to the optimization of lipid peroxidation processes.

J Cosmet Laser Ther Jun;11(2): Links The use of low-level light for hair growth: part I. Avram MR, Rogers NE. Cornell Department of Dermatology, New York, NY, USA. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is a new therapy for the treatment of hair loss. It has received enormous media attention and tremendous marketing budgets from companies that sell the devices, but no independent, peer-reviewed studies have demonstrated its efficacy in this application. Here we investigate the efficacy of LLLT in enhancing hair growth. METHODS: A total of seven patients were exposed to LLLT twice weekly for 20 minutes each time over a period of 3-6 months. Five patients were treated for a total of 3 months and two were treated for 6 months. Videomicroscopic images were taken at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months, and analyzed for changes in vellus hair counts, terminal hair counts, and shaft diameter. Both videomicroscopic and global images underwent blinded review for evidence of subjective improvement. Patients also answered questionnaires assessing hair growth throughout the study. Neither patients nor physicians conducting the study received any financial compensation. RESULTS: The results indicate that on average patients had a decrease in the number of vellus hairs, an increase in the number of terminal hairs, and an increase in shaft diameter. However, paired i-testing indicated that none of these changes was statistically significant. Also, blinded evaluation of global images did not support an improvement in hair density or caliber. CONCLUSIONS: LLLT may be a promising treatment option for patients who do not respond to either finasteride or minoxidil, and who do not want to undergo hair transplantation. This technology appears to work better for some people than for others. Factors predicting who will most benefit are yet to be determined. Larger, longer-term placebo-controlled studies are needed to confirm these findings, and demonstrate statistical significance, or refute them altogether.

Photomed Laser Surg Jun;27(3): Links The application of low-level laser therapy after cesarean section does not compromise blood prolactin levels and lactation status. Mokmeli S, Khazemikho N, Niromanesh S, Vatankhah Z. Department of Medical Laser, Milad Hospital, Tehran, Iran. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluates the systemic effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on blood prolactin levels and lactation status when it is used to hasten surgical wound healing in women having undergone a cesarean section. BACKGROUND DATA: LLLT has been used in parturient patients for postpartum mastitis and nipple soreness. However, previous studies have revealed hormonal and physiological effects of LLLT on the lactation status. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty healthy women scheduled for cesarean section were randomly divided into two groups: an LLLT group and a control group. LLLT was delivered as follows: (1) irradiation with 980 nm (100 mW, 3.3 J/cm(2), total energy 60 J), and 650 nm (30 mW, 1.5 J/cm(2), total energy 27 J) to the incision line, and (2) intravenous laser irradiation at 2.5 mW and 650 nm for 15 min on three consecutive postoperative days. Except for LLLT, all the therapeutic conditions in both groups were identical. Blood prolactin levels were measured in the groups on the third postoperative day, and tissue samples were taken from the wound margins for histological evaluation on the 10th postoperative day. RESULTS: Although there was a difference between blood prolactin levels in the two groups, the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.205). However, there was a statistically significant difference in the mean lymphocyte counts and number of vessel lumina, with higher numbers seen in the LLLT group. CONCLUSION: LLLT after cesarean section has no serious deleterious effects on lactation, and it helps to modulate metabolic processes and thus promotes wound healing post-surgery.

Zhongguo Zhen Jiu Jun;29(6): Links [Relationship between laser acupuncture analgesia and the function of mast cells] [Article in Chinese] Cheng K, Shen XY, Ding GH, Wu F. Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai , China. OBJECTIVE: To observe the analgesic effects of single-and combined-laser irradiation with low-intensity applied at "Zusanli" (ST 36) in rats, and their relation to degranulation of mast cells. METHODS: Sixty-six SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: normal control group (Group NC), model control group (Group MC), sham irradiation group (Group SI), 10.6 microm laser irradiation group (Group 10.6 microm LI), 650 nm laser irradiation group (Group 650 nm LI) and combined (10.6 microm nm) laser irradiation group (Group CLI). Complete Freund's Adjuvant (0.05 mL) was injected into the left ankle joints of all the rats except those in Group NC to cause acute adjuvant-induced arthritis. In treatment, laser irradiation was applied at "Zusanli" (ST 36) for 30 minutes in all the rats except those in Group NC and Group MC. The paw withdrawal latency (PWL) to radian heat was used to compare analgesic effects among the groups. By means of toluidine blue, dyed slices of local tissues of "Zusanli" (ST 36) were used to observe changes of mast cell degranulation before and after laser irradiation. RESULTS: The pain thresholds to irradiation of the rats in Group 650 nm LI and Group CLI were significantly higher than those in Group MC and Group SI (P < 0.01), and the mast cell degranulation rate in Group 650 nm LI and Group CLI were also significantly higher than that in Group MC and Group SI (P < 0.001). The pain threshold and mast cell degranulation rate in Group microm LI were not significantly different from those in Group MC and Group SI. There was a linear correlation between mast cell degranulation rate and PWL with in coefficient (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Single 650 nm laser and combined 650 nm microm laser with low intensity irradiated at "Zusanli" (ST 36) in acute adjuvant rats can provide remarkable analgesic effects, and there was a positive correlation between mast cell degranulation rate and analgesic effects, which plays an important part in laser irradiation-induced analgesia.

Lasers Med Sci Apr 28. [Epub ahead of print] Links Effect of low-level laser therapy on the fracture healing process. Kazem Shakouri S, Soleimanpour J, Salekzamani Y, Oskuie MR. Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran, Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is a biophysical form of intervention in the fracture-repair process, which, through several mechanisms, accelerates the healing of fractures and enhances callus formation. The effect of laser on fracture healing is controversial. Some authors affirm that LLLT can accelerate bone formation by increasing osteoblastic activity. The objective of our study was to evaluate the effect of laser therapy on fracture healing. Thirty rabbits were subjected to tibial bone open osteotomies that were stabilized with external fixators. The animals were divided into two study groups: laser group and control group. Callus development and bone mineral density were quantitatively evaluated by CT; the animals were then killed and the fractures were assessed for biomechanical properties. The results demonstrated that the increasing rate of bone mineral density was higher in the laser (L) group than in the control (C) group. CT at 5 weeks revealed a mean callus density of 297 Hounsfield units (HU) for the control group and 691 HU for the L group, which was statistically significant (P = 0.001). In the L group, the mean recorded fracture tension was N and N for healed and intact bones, respectively, which was statistically significant (P < 0.001). The result of the study showed that the use of laser could enhance callus development in the early stage of the healing process, with doubtful improvement in biomechanical properties of the healing bone; therefore, laser therapy may be recommended as an additional treatment in non-union fractures in humans.

Photomed Laser Surg Apr;27(2): Links Implantation of low-level laser irradiated mesenchymal stem cells into the infarcted rat heart is associated with reduction in infarct size and enhanced angiogenesis. Tuby H, Maltz L, Oron U. Department of Zoology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible beneficial effects of implantation of laser-irradiated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into the infarcted rat heart. BACKGROUND DATA: It was demonstrated that low-level laser therapy (LLLT) upregulates cytoprotective factors in ischemic tissues. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MSCs were isolated from rat bone marrow and grown in culture. The cells were laser irradiated with a Ga-Al-As laser (810 nm wavelength), labeled with 5-bromo-2'deoxyuridine (BrdU), and then implanted into infarcted rat hearts. Non-irradiated cells were similarly labeled and acted as controls. Hearts were excised 3 wk later and cells were stained for BrdU and c-kit immunoreactivity. RESULTS: Infarcted hearts that were implanted with laser-treated cells showed a significant reduction of 53% in infarct size compared to hearts that were implanted with non-laser-treated cells. The hearts implanted with laser-treated cells prior to implantation demonstrated a 5- and 6.3-fold significant increase in cell density that positively immunoreacted to BrdU and c-kit, respectively, as compared to hearts implanted with non-laser-treated cells. A significantly 1.4- and 2-fold higher level of angiogenesis and vascular endothelial growth factor, respectively, were observed in infarcted hearts that were implanted with laser-treated cells compared to non-laser-treated implanted cells. CONCLUSION: The findings of the present study provide the first evidence that LLLT can significantly increase survival and/or proliferation of MSCs post-implantation into the ischemic/infarcted heart, followed by a marked reduction of scarring and enhanced angiogenesis. The mechanisms associated with this phenomenon remain to be elucidated in further studies.

Lasers Surg Med Apr;41(4): Links Low level light effects on inflammatory cytokine production by rheumatoid arthritis synoviocytes. Yamaura M, Yao M, Yaroslavsky I, Cohen R, Smotrich M, Kochevar IE. Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Low level light therapy (LLLT) is being evaluated for treating chronic and acute pain associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other inflammatory diseases. The mechanisms underlying the effectiveness of LLLT for pain relief in RA are not clear. The objectives of this study were to determine whether LLLT decreased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by cells from RA joints, and, if so, to identify cellular mechanisms. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: Synoviocytes from RA patients were treated with 810 nm radiation before or after addition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). mRNA for TNF-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, and IL-8 was measured after 30, 60, and 180 minutes using RT-PCR. Intracellular and extracellular protein levels for 12 cytokines/chemokines were measured at 4, 8, and 24 hours using multiplexed ELISA. NF-kappaB activation was detected using Western blotting to follow degradation of IkappaBalpha and nuclear localization of the p65 subunit of NF-kappaB. RESULTS: Radiation at 810 nm (5 J/cm(2)) given before or after TNF-alpha decreases the mRNA level of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta in RA synoviocytes. This treatment using 25 J/cm(2) also decreases the intracellular levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-8 protein but did not affect the levels of seven other cytokines/chemokines. TNF-alpha-induced activation of NF-kappaB is not altered by 810 nm radiation using 25 J/cm(2). CONCLUSIONS: The mechanism for relieving joint pain in RA by LLLT may involve reducing the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines produced by synoviocytes. This mechanism may be more general and underlie the beneficial effects of LLLT on other inflammatory conditions.

: Lasers Surg Med Apr;41(4): Links Increase of neuronal sprouting and migration using 780 nm laser phototherapy as procedure for cell therapy. Rochkind S, El-Ani D, Nevo Z, Shahar A. Division of Peripheral Nerve Reconstruction, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 64239, Israel. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The present study focuses on the effect of 780 nm laser irradiation on the growth of embryonic rat brain cultures embedded in NVR-Gel (cross-linked hyaluronic acid with adhesive molecule laminin and several growth factors). Dissociated neuronal cells were first grown in suspension attached to cylindrical microcarriers (MCs). The formed floating cell-MC aggregates were subsequently transferred into stationary cultures in gel and then laser treated. The response of neuronal growth following laser irradiation was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Whole brains were dissected from 16 days Sprague-Dawley rat embryos. Cells were mechanically dissociated, using narrow pipettes, and seeded on positively charged cylindrical MCs. After 4-14 days in suspension, the formed floating cell-MC aggregates were seeded as stationary cultures in NVR-Gel. Single cell-MC aggregates were either irradiated with near-infrared 780 nm laser beam for 1, 4, or 7 minutes, or cultured without irradiation. Laser powers were 10, 30, 50, 110, 160, 200, and 250 mW. RESULTS: 780 nm laser irradiation accelerated fiber sprouting and neuronal cell migration from the aggregates. Furthermore, unlike control cultures, the irradiated cultures (mainly after 1 minute irradiation of 50 mW) were already established after a short time of cultivation. They contained a much higher number of large size neurons (P<0.01), which formed dense branched interconnected networks of thick neuronal fibers. CONCLUSIONS: 780 nm laser phototherapy of embryonic rat brain cultures embedded in hyaluronic acid-laminin gel and attached to positively charged cylindrical MCs, stimulated migration and fiber sprouting of neuronal cells aggregates, developed large size neurons with dense branched interconnected network of neuronal fibers and, therefore, can be considered as potential procedure for cell therapy of neuronal injury or disease.

Rev Soc Bras Med Trop Jan-Feb;42(1):82-5. Links [Impact of low-intensity laser on the suppression of infections caused by Herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2: in vitro study] [Article in Portuguese] Ferreira Dde C, Martins FO, Romanos MT. Setor de Doenças Sexualmente Transmissíveis, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ. The use of low-level laser to suppress infections caused by Herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 was evaluated after one to five applications. A gradual reduction in replication of Herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 was observed, with 68.4% and 57.3% inhibition, respectively, after five applications, thus favoring its clinical use.

Bosn J Basic Med Sci Feb;9(1): Links Laser therapy of painful shoulder and shoulder-hand syndrome in treatment of patients after the stroke. Karabegović A, Kapidzić-Duraković S, Ljuca F. Clinic for Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Clinical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tuzla, Trnovac b.b., Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The common complication after stroke is pain and dysfunction of shoulder of paralyzed arm, as well as the swelling of the hand. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of LASER therapy and to correlate with electrotherapy (TENS, stabile galvanization) in subjects after stroke. We analyzed 70 subjects after stroke with pain in shoulder and oedema of paralyzed hand. The examinees were divided in two groups of 35, and they were treated in the Clinic for Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation in Tuzla during 2006 and Experimental group (EG) had a treatment with LASER, while the control group (CG) was treated with electrotherapy. Both groups had kinesis therapy and ice massage. All patients were examined on the admission and discharge by using the VAS, DASH, Barthel index and FIM. The pain intensity in shoulder was significantly reduced in EG (p<0,0001), swelling is lowered in EG (p=0,01). Barthel index in both groups was significant higher (p<0,01). DASH was significantly improved after LASER therapy in EG (p<0,01). EG had higher level of independency (p<0,01). LASER therapy used on EG shows significantly better results in reducing pain, swelling, disability and improvement of independency.

Lasers Surg Med Aug;40(6): Links Stem cell proliferation under low intensity laser irradiation: a preliminary study. Eduardo Fde P, Bueno DF, de Freitas PM, Marques MM, Passos-Bueno MR, Eduardo Cde P, Zatz M. Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Unit of Bone Marrow Transplantation, São Paulo , SP, Brazil. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Phototherapy with low intensity laser irradiation has shown to be effective in promoting the proliferation of different cells. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the potential effect of laser phototherapy (660 nm) on human dental pulp stem cell (hDPSC) proliferation. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: The hDPSC cell strain was used. Cells cultured under nutritional deficit (10% FBS) were either irradiated or not (control) using two different power settings (20 mW/6 seconds to 40 mW/3 seconds), with an InGaAIP diode laser. The cell growth was indirectly assessed by measuring the cell mitochondrial activity through the MTT reduction-based cytotoxicity assay. RESULTS: The group irradiated with the 20 mW setting presented significantly higher MTT activity at 72 hours than the other two groups (negative control--10% FBS--and lased 40 mW with 3 seconds exposure time). After 24 hours of the first irradiation, cultures grown under nutritional deficit (10% FBS) and irradiated presented significantly higher viable cells than the non-irradiated cultures grown under the same nutritional conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Under the conditions of this study it was possible to conclude that the cell strain hDPSC responds positively to laser phototherapy by improving the cell growth when cultured under nutritional deficit conditions. Thus, the association of laser phototherapy and hDPSC cells could be of importance for future tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Moreover, it opens the possibility of using laser phototherapy for improving the cell growth of other types of stem cells. (c) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Safety of Therapeutic (Class 3b) Lasers
Therapeutic lasers are practically risk free. 40 years of class 3b lasers No Permanent Injuries Therapeutic Lasers are Extremely Safe

Soft Low Level Healing Therapeutic No Burn No Cut

ADMINISTERING LLLT HOLD THE PROBE in ONE POINT for around SECONDS MOVE THE PROBE ABOUT ½ INCH

ADMINISTERING LLLT UNDERSTANDING LASER & TECHNIQUE Technique
Penetration Time Body manipulation Clothing Hair Laser Wavelength Penetration 780 nm --- deepest penetration 660 nm --- medium depth 405 nm --- short & high energy

SCALAR WAVE LASERS Infrared (780 NM) – Bones, Inflammation, Pain, Joints, Tendons, Teeth Red (660 NM) – Soft Tissue, Pain, Skin, Muscles, Gums, Inflammation, Scar Reduction, Wounds, Burns, Skin Care, Wrinkles, Acne Violet (405 NM) – DNA, RNA, Anti-Aging, Healing, Acne, Wrinkles, muscles, and nerves.

Tissue healing and Wound Recovery: Free Radical damage, chronic inflammation, cellular/structural degeneration Pain and inflammation: Immune System Cellular Rejuvenation and stem cell activation HEALTH IN GENERAL

Effects of Stress “85% of all disease is a result of Stress”
“Stress symptoms may be affecting your health, even though you might not realize it…” - Mayo Clinic “When your brain perceives a threat, your body releases a burst of hormones to fuel your fight-or-flight response. When the threat is gone, your body returns to normal. Unfortunately, the nonstop stress of modern life means that your alarm system rarely shuts off…” – Mayo Clinic MAYO CLINIC: “85% of all disease is a result of Stress”

Effects of Stress There are numerous emotional and physical disorders that have been linked to stress including depression, anxiety, heart attacks, stroke, hypertension, immune system disturbances that increase susceptibility to infections, a host of viral linked disorders ranging from the common cold and herpes to AIDS and certain cancers, as well as autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. In addition stress can have direct effects on the skin (rashes, hives, atopic dermatitis) the gastrointestinal system (GERD, peptic ulcer, irritable bowel syndrome, ulcerative colitis) and can contribute to insomnia and degenerative neurological disorders like Parkinson's disease. In fact, it's hard to think of any disease in which stress cannot play an aggravating role or any part of the body that is not affected - American Institute of Stress

THE VISCIOUS CYCLE: e.g., The Ischemic Penumbra In The Brain
The brain has been injured due to stroke/head injury. Most of the tissue is recoverable but because of inflammation there is poor circulation and that part of the brain does not heal and repair. If we produce energy directly at the source (mitochondria) regardless of the restricted circulation we are able to kick start the recovery.

Using the Laser Essentials Glands Organs Plexus Unwind Pineal Sexual
Crown Quantum Pituitary Kidneys Third Eye Relieve Thyroid Liver Throat Pleo Thymus Bladder Activate Adrenal Sm Intestines Heart Rejuv Pancreas Lungs Solar Plexus Soothe Colon Diaphram Unity Prostate Gall Bladder Sexuality Vital Adrenals Root Cohere Stomach Wave Brain Spleen Lymph System Nervous System Endocrine System

Using the Laser Chakras Meridians Cellular Unique Root Governor DNA
Serotonin Sacral Conception RNA Detox Solar Plexus Liver Blood Endorphins Heart Gall Bladder Fat Cells Wellbeing Throat Endocrine Muscles Sleep Third Eye Constrictor Bone Relaxation Crown Kidney Fascia Tantra Bladder Ears 5htp Sm Intestine Facial Stress Relief Scars Neuromuscular Spleen Disc Ozone Stomach Capillaries Silica Lrg Intestine Ligaments Hydrogen Lung Bones Enkephalin Neurons Wave Cell Regeneration Frontal Lobe Expand

SCALAR WAVE LASER SEMINAR

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SCALAR WAVE LASER SEMINAR

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