2. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 48-1 Performing Common Blood Tests Results aid in diagnosis POLs – waived tests Be familiar with other tests also

3. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 48-2 Performing Common Blood Tests (cont.) Chemicals in lab –Anticoagulants –Serum separators –Stains Range of normal test values

4. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 48-3 Hematologic Tests Venous or capillary blood Whole blood –Formed elements –Plasma Physician can order –Individual tests –Complete blood (cell) count

5. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 48-4 Hematologic Tests Complete blood (cell) count –RBC count –White blood cells –Differential WBC count

6. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 48-5 Hematologic Tests Complete blood (cell) count –Platelet –Hematocrit –Hemoglobin

7. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 48-6 Hematologic Tests Differential Cell count –Prepare a smear slide and stain the smear –Staining kits –Cell type / 100 leukocytes counted

8. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 48-7 Hematologic Tests (cont.) Hematocrit –Centrifuge microhematocrit tube Packed red blood cells Buffy coat Plasma –Compare column of packed RBCs to hematocrit gauge –Automated Hematocrit readers

9. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 48-8 Hematologic Tests (cont.) Hemoglobin –Sample must undergo hemolysis –Color then evaluated –Automated hemoglobin analyzers Measure amount of hemoglobin in whole blood Follow manufacturer’s instructions

10. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 48-9 Hematologic Tests (cont.) Cell morphology – requires special training Coagulation tests –PT and PTT –Automated devices ~ calculate International Normalized ratio (INR)

11. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 48-10 Hematologic Tests (cont.) Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) –Measures rate of RBCs falling to the bottom of the blood sample –Tube must contain an anticoagulant –Read after one hour –Record as mm/hr.

12. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 48-11 Chemical Tests Specialized equipment and techniques Subject to CLIA ‘88 regulations New automated equipment –More readily available –Simpler to operate –Development of new waived tests

13. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 48-12 Chemical Tests (cont.) Blood glucose monitoring –Routinely performed in POL –Glucometer –Patient education

14. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 48-13 Chemical Tests (cont.) Hemoglobin A1c –Glucose molecules bind to hemoglobin –Provides overall picture of effectiveness of diabetes treatment –Options Sent to outside laboratory Perform in office Home testing

15. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 48-14 Chemical Tests (cont.) Cholesterol tests –Routinely performed in POL –Automated devices POL Home testing –Use a capillary sample

16. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 48-15 Serologic Tests Detection a reaction to an antigen or antibody Immunoassays –Western blot –Radioimmunoassay (RIA) –Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) –Immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) test

17. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 48-16 Serologic Tests (cont.) Rapid screening tests –Detect antibodies to certain infections Infectious mononucleosis HIV Helicobacter pylori –Follow manufacturer’s instruction

18. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 48-17 Apply Your Knowledge Matching: ___ Hemoglobin A1c A.ESR ___ Lysing RBCs/evaluating the colorB.Serology test ___ Shape or form of objectsC.Coagulation tests ___ Identify bleeding problemsD.Chemical test ___ Rate at which RBCs fallE.Differential ___ Percentage of each type of WBC F.Morphology ___ ELISAG.Hemoglobin ANSWER: G F E D C B A Super!