1. Studies in
the Book of Leviticus
Chapters 16-20
© John Stevenson, 2010

2. Laws of the Offerings (1-7)
Outline of Leviticus
Laws of the Offerings (1-7)
Laws of the Priests (8-10)
Laws of Purity (11-15)
Day of Atonement (16)
Laws of Holiness (17-20)
Laws of the Priests (21-22)
Appointed Times (23-25)
Penalties and Vows (26-27)

3. Setting for a Sermon
Now the LORD spoke to Moses after the death of the two sons of Aaron, when they had approached the presence of the LORD and died. (Leviticus 16:1).

4. A Prevented Approach
And the LORD said to Moses, “Tell your brother Aaron that he shall not enter at any time into the holy place inside the veil, before the mercy seat which is on the ark, lest he die; for I will appear in the cloud over the mercy seat.” (Leviticus 16:2).

5. TempleBuilders.com

7. Preparations for Entry
Aaron shall enter the holy place with this: with a bull for a sin offering and a ram for a burnt offering.
4 He shall put on the holy linen tunic, and the linen undergarments shall be next to his body, and he shall be girded with the linen sash, and attired with the linen turban (these are holy garments). Then he shall bathe his body in water and put them on. (Leviticus 16:3-4)

8. Preparations for Entry
And he shall take from the congregation of the sons of Israel two male goats for a sin offering and one ram for a burnt offering. 6 Then Aaron shall offer the bull for the sin offering which is for himself, that he may make atonement for himself and for his household. (Leviticus 16:5-6)
rp;K'
 Kaphar

9. The Pair of Goats
And he shall take the two goats and present them before the LORD at the doorway of the tent of meeting. (Leviticus 16:7).

10. The Pair of Goats
And Aaron shall cast lots for the two goats, one lot for the LORD and the other lot for the scapegoat. (Leviticus 16:8).

11. The Pair of Goats lzEaz"[]  Azazel
And Aaron shall cast lots for the two goats, one lot for the LORD and the other lot for the scapegoat. (Leviticus 16:8).
lzEaz"[]
 Azazel
Az: Aramaic word for “goat,” but also occasionally used in Hebrew (Genesis 27:9; 30:32, 35).
Azel is the verb, “to go away.”

12. The Pair of Goats lzEaz"[]  Azazel
And Aaron shall cast lots for the two goats, one lot for the LORD and the other lot for the scapegoat. (Leviticus 16:8).
lzEaz"[]
 Azazel
Az: Used in Hebrew to describe “power” and “strength” and even “ferocity” (Genesis 49:3; Numbers 13:28)
Azel is the verb, “to go away.”

13. The Pair of Goats
Then Aaron shall offer the goat on which the lot for the LORD fell, and make it a sin offering. (Leviticus 16:9).

14. The Pair of Goats
But the goat on which the lot for the scapegoat fell, shall be presented alive before the LORD, to make atonement upon it, to send it into the wilderness as the
scapegoat.
(Leviticus 16:10).

15. Provision of Incense
And he shall take a firepan full of coals of fire from upon the altar before the LORD, and two handfuls of finely ground sweet incense, and bring it inside the veil.
13 And he shall put the incense on the fire before the LORD, that the cloud of incense may cover the mercy seat that is on the ark of the testimony, lest he die. (Leviticus 16:12-13).

16. The Place of Mercy
Moreover, he shall take some of the blood of the bull and sprinkle it with his finger on the mercy seat on the east side; also in front of the mercy seat he shall sprinkle some of the blood with his finger seven times. (Leviticus 16:14).

17. The Place of Mercy
Then he shall slaughter the goat of the sin offering which is for the people, and bring its blood inside the veil, and do with its blood as he did with the blood of the bull, and sprinkle it on the mercy seat and in front of the mercy seat. (Leviticus 16:15).

18. The Presence of One An audience of One
When he goes in to make atonement in the holy place, no one shall be in the tent of meeting until he comes out, that he may make atonement for himself and for his household and for all the assembly of Israel. (Leviticus 16:17).
An audience of One

20. The Power of Blood
Then he shall go out to the altar that is before the LORD and make atonement for it, and shall take some of the blood of the bull and of the blood of the goat, and put it on the horns of the altar on all sides. 19 And with his finger he shall sprinkle some of the blood on it seven times, and cleanse it, and from the impurities of the sons of Israel consecrate it. (Leviticus 16:18-19).

21. The Passing of the Goat
When he finishes atoning for the holy place, and the tent of meeting and the altar, he shall offer the live goat. (Leviticus 16:20).

22. The Passing of the Goat
Then Aaron shall lay both of his hands on the head of the live goat, and confess over it all the iniquities of the sons of Israel, and all their transgressions in regard to all their sins... (Leviticus 16:21a).

23. The Passing of the Goat
…and he shall lay them on the head of the goat and send it away into the wilderness by the hand of a man who stands in readiness. (Leviticus 16:21b).

24. The Passing of the Goat
And the goat shall bear on itself all their iniquities to a solitary land; and he shall release the goat in the wilderness. (Leviticus 16:22). .

25. Leviticus 16:29-30
This shall be a permanent statute for you: in the seventh month, on the tenth day of the month, you shall humble your souls and not do any work, whether the native, or the alien who sojourns among you; 30 for it is on this day that atonement shall be made for you to cleanse you; you will be clean from all your sins before the LORD.

27. Hebrews 8:1-2
Now the main point in what has been said is this: we have such a high priest, who has taken His seat at the right hand of the throne of the Majesty in the heavens, 2 a minister in the sanctuary and in the true tabernacle, which the Lord pitched, not man.

28. Hebrews 8:4-5
Now if He were on earth, He would not be a priest at all, since there are those who offer the gifts according to the Law; 5 who serve a copy and shadow of the heavenly things, just as Moses was warned by God when he was about to erect the tabernacle; for, “See,” He says, “that you make all things according to the pattern which was shown you on the mountain.”

29. Hebrews 9:6-7
Now when these things have been so prepared, the priests are continually entering the outer tabernacle performing the divine worship, 7 but into the second, only the high priest enters once a year, not without taking blood, which he offers for himself and for the sins of the people committed in ignorance.

30. Hebrews 9:8-10
The Holy Spirit is signifying this, that the way into the holy place has not yet been disclosed while the outer tabernacle is still standing, 9 which is a symbol for the present time. Accordingly both gifts and sacrifices are offered which cannot make the worshiper perfect in conscience, 10 since they relate only to food and drink and various washings, regulations for the body imposed until a time of reformation.

31. Hebrews 9:11-12
But when Christ appeared as a high priest of the good things to come, He entered through the greater and more perfect tabernacle, not made with hands, that is to say, not of this creation; 12 and not through the blood of goats and calves, but through His own blood, He entered the holy place once for all, having obtained eternal redemption.

32. Old Covenant New Covenant
Therefore it was necessary for the copies of the things in the heavens to be cleansed with these (9:23).
But the heavenly things themselves with better sacrifices than these. (9:23).
For Christ did not enter a holy place made with hands, a mere copy of the true one (9:24).
But into heaven itself, now to appear in the presence of God for us (9:24).

33. Old Covenant New Covenant
Nor was it that He should offer Himself often, as the high priest enters the holy place year by year with blood not his own, otherwise, He would have needed to suffer often since the foundation of the world (9:25-26).
But now once at the consummation of the ages He has been manifested to put away sin by the sacrifices of Himself (9:26).

34. Old Covenant New Covenant
And inasmuch as it is appointed for men to die once and after this comes judgment (9:27).
So Christ also, having been offered once to bear the sins of many, shall appear a second time for salvation without reference to sin, to those who eagerly await Him (9:28).

35. Laws of the Offerings (1-7)
Outline of Leviticus
Laws of the Offerings (1-7)
Laws of the Priests (8-10)
Laws of Purity (11-15)
Day of Atonement (16)
Laws of Holiness (17-20)
Laws of the Priests (21-22)
Appointed Times (23-25)
Penalties and Vows (26-27)

36. Holiness in Sacrifice & Blood
Leviticus 17-20
Leviticus 17
Leviticus 18
Leviticus 18-19
Holiness in Sacrifice & Blood
Holiness in Marriage & sexuality
Holiness before God and men
Leviticus 20
Penalties for violating laws of holiness

37. Leviticus 17:1-2
Then the LORD spoke to Moses, saying, 2 “Speak to Aaron and to his sons and to all the sons of Israel and say to them, ‘This is what the LORD has commanded, saying…’”

38. Leviticus 17:3-4
Any man from the house of Israel who slaughters an ox or a lamb or a goat in the camp, or who slaughters it outside the camp, 4 and has not brought it to the doorway of the tent of meeting to present it as an offering to the LORD before the tabernacle of the LORD, bloodguiltiness is to be reckoned to that man. He has shed blood and that man shall be cut off from among his people.

39. Leviticus 17:5
The reason is so that the sons of Israel may bring their sacrifices which they were sacrificing in the open field, that they may bring them in to the LORD, at the doorway of the tent of meeting to the priest, and sacrifice them as sacrifices of peace offerings to the LORD.

40. Leviticus 17:7 ~rIy[iF.l;  From the root sair, “goat” or “hairy.”
They shall no longer sacrifice their sacrifices to the goat demons with which they play the harlot. This shall be a permanent statute to them throughout their generations.
~rIy[iF.l;
 From the root sair, “goat” or “hairy.”

41. Leviticus 17:10
And any man from the house of Israel, or from the aliens who sojourn among them, who eats any blood, I will set My face against that person who eats blood and will cut him off from among his people.

42. vp,n< Leviticus 17:11 (Nephesh)
For the life of the flesh is in the blood, and I have given it to you on the altar to make atonement for your souls; for it is the blood by reason of the life that makes atonement.
vp,n<
(Nephesh)

43. Can Morality be Legislated?

44. How can Holiness be taught to Children…
In the home?
In church?

45. How can Holiness be taught to Adults?
In the home?
In church?

46. Leviticus 18:1-3
Then the LORD spoke to Moses, saying, 2 “Speak to the sons of Israel and say to them, ‘I am the LORD your God. 3 You shall not do what is done in the land of Egypt where you lived, nor are you to do what is done in the land of Canaan where I am bringing you; you shall not walk in their statutes.’”

47. Leviticus 18:6
None of you shall approach any blood relative of his to uncover nakedness; I am the LORD.

48. Calum Carmichael
“The lawgivers of the Pentateuch formulated biblical laws in relation to biblical narratives” (pg 9).

49. You shall not uncover the nakedness of your father (18:7).
Law in Leviticus
Narrative in Genesis
You shall not uncover the nakedness of your father (18:7).
Ham looks on Noah’s nakedness (9).
Lot’s two daughters sleep with their father (19).

50. Narrative in Genesis Law in Leviticus
The nakedness of your sister, either your father's daughter or your mother's daughter, whether born at home or born outside, their nakedness you shall not uncover (18:9).
Abraham was married to his half sister, Sarah (20:12).
You shall not uncover the nakedness of your father’s wife(18:8).
Reuben sleeps with his father’s concubine (35:22).

51. Judah had a child by his daughter-in-law, Tamar (38).
Law in Leviticus
Narrative in Genesis
You shall not uncover the nakedness of your daughter-in-law; she is your son's wife, you shall not uncover her nakedness (18:15).
Judah had a child by his daughter-in-law, Tamar (38).

52. Jacob married the sisters Leah and Rachel (29:21-30).
Law in Leviticus
Narrative in Genesis
You shall not marry a woman in addition to her sister as a rival while she is alive, to uncover her nakedness (18:18).
Jacob married the sisters Leah and Rachel (29:21-30).

53. Why is this brought up now? How does it relate to the previous verse?
Leviticus 18:19
Also you shall not approach a woman to uncover her nakedness during her menstrual impurity.
Why is this brought up now? How does it relate to the previous verse?

54. Potiphar’s wife attempted to seduce Joseph (39).
Law in Leviticus
Narrative in Genesis
You shall not have intercourse with your neighbor’s wife, to be defiled with her (18:20).
Potiphar’s wife attempted to seduce Joseph (39).

55. Leviticus 18:21
You shall not give any of your offspring to offer them to Molech, nor shall you profane the name of your God; I am the LORD.

56. Narrative in Genesis Law in Leviticus
Offering children to Molech (18:21).
Abraham offers Isaac to the Lord (22).
You shall not lie with a male as one lies with a female; it is an abomination (18:22).
Men of Sodom attempt to rape Lot’s angelic visitors (19).

57. Leviticus 18:24-25
Do not defile yourselves by any of these things; for by all these the nations which I am casting out before you have become defiled. 25 For the land has become defiled, therefore I have brought its punishment upon it, so the land has spewed out its inhabitants.

58. Holiness in Sacrifice & Blood
Leviticus 17-20
Leviticus 17
Leviticus 18
Leviticus 18-19
Holiness in Sacrifice & Blood
Holiness in Marriage & sexuality
Holiness before God and men

59. Leviticus 19:1-2
Then the LORD spoke to Moses, saying: 2 “Speak to all the congregation of the sons of Israel and say to them, ‘You shall be holy, for I the LORD your God am holy.’”

60. Leviticus 19:3
Every one of you shall reverence his mother and his father, and you shall keep My sabbaths; I am the LORD your God.

61. Leviticus 19:4
Do not turn to idols or make for yourselves molten gods; I am the LORD your God.

62. Be Holy (19:1-3) Sabbaths, Idols, & Sacrifices (19:3-8)
Fields & the Needy (19:9-10)

63. Leviticus 19:9-10
Now when you reap the harvest of your land, you shall not reap to the very corners of your field, nor shall you gather the gleanings of your harvest. 10 Nor shall you glean your vineyard, nor shall you gather the fallen fruit of your vineyard; you shall leave them for the needy and for the stranger. I am the LORD your God.

64. Be Holy (19:1-3) Sabbaths, Idols, & Sacrifices (19:3-8)
Fields & the Needy (19:9-10)
Dealing with Neighbors (19:11-18)

65. Leviticus 19:11-12
You shall not steal, nor deal falsely, nor lie to one another. 12 You shall not swear falsely by My name, so as to profane the name of your God; I am the LORD.

66. Leviticus 19:13-14
You shall not oppress your neighbor, nor rob him. The wages of a hired man are not to remain with you all night until morning. 14 You shall not curse a deaf man, nor place a stumbling block before the blind, but you shall revere your God; I am the LORD.

67. Leviticus 19:15-16
You shall do no injustice in judgment; you shall not be partial to the poor nor defer to the great, but you are to judge your neighbor fairly. 16 You shall not go about as a slanderer among your people, and you are not to act against the life of your neighbor; I am the LORD.

68. Leviticus 19:17-18
You shall not hate your fellow countryman in your heart; you may surely reprove your neighbor, but shall not incur sin because of him. 18 You shall not take vengeance, nor bear any grudge against the sons of your people, but you shall love your neighbor as yourself; I am the LORD.

69. Be Holy (19:1-3) Sabbaths, Idols, & Sacrifices (19:3-8)
Fields & the Needy (19:9-10)
Dealing with Neighbors (19:11-18)
Statutes & Sacrifices (19:19-22)

70. Leviticus 19:19
You are to keep My statutes. You shall not breed together two kinds of your cattle; you shall not sow your field with two kinds of seed, nor wear a garment upon you of two kinds of material mixed together.

71. Be Holy (19:1-3) Sabbaths, Idols, & Sacrifices (19:3-8)
Fields & the Needy (19:9-10)
Dealing with Neighbors (19:11-18)
Statutes & Sacrifices (19:19-22)
Fields (19:23-25)

72. Leviticus 19:23-25
When you enter the land and plant all kinds of trees for food, then you shall count their fruit as forbidden. Three years it shall be forbidden to you; it shall not be eaten. 24 But in the fourth year all its fruit shall be holy, an offering of praise to the LORD. 25 In the fifth year you are to eat of its fruit, that its yield may increase for you; I am the LORD your God.

73. Be Holy (19:1-3) Sabbaths, Idols, & Sacrifices (19:3-8)
Fields & the Needy (19:9-10)
Dealing with Neighbors (19:11-18)
Statutes & Sacrifices (19:19-22)
Fields (19:23-25)
Avoid occult practices (19:26-31)

74. Leviticus 19:26-28
You shall not eat anything with the blood, nor practice divination or soothsaying. 27 You shall not round off the side-growth of your heads nor harm the edges of your beard. 28 You shall not make any cuts in your body for the dead nor make any tattoo marks on yourselves: I am the LORD.

75. Leviticus 19:29-30
Do not profane your daughter by making her a harlot, so that the land will not fall to harlotry and the land become full of lewdness. 30 You shall keep My sabbaths and revere My sanctuary; I am the LORD.

76. Leviticus 19:31
Do not turn to mediums or spiritists; do not seek them out to be defiled by them. I am the LORD your God.

77. Be Holy (19:1-3) Sabbaths, Idols, & Sacrifices (19:3-8)
Fields & the Needy (19:9-10)
Dealing with Neighbors (19:11-18)
Statutes & Sacrifices (19:19-22)
Fields (19:23-25)
Avoid occult practices (19:26-31)
Honor the Aged (19:32)

78. Leviticus 19:32
You shall rise up before the grayheaded and honor the aged, and you shall revere your God; I am the LORD.

79. Be Holy (19:1-3) Sabbaths, Idols, & Sacrifices (19:3-8)
Fields & the Needy (19:9-10)
Dealing with Neighbors (19:11-18)
Statutes & Sacrifices (19:19-22)
Fields (19:23-25)
Avoid occult practices (19:26-31)
Honor the Aged (19:32)
Dealing with Strangers & Neighbors (19:33-37)

80. Leviticus 19:33-34
When a stranger resides with you in your land, you shall not do him wrong. 34 The stranger who resides with you shall be to you as the native among you, and you shall love him as yourself, for you were aliens in the land of Egypt; I am the LORD your God.

81. Leviticus 19:35-37
You shall do no wrong in judgment, in measurement of weight, or capacity. 36 You shall have just balances, just weights, a just ephah, and a just hin; I am the LORD your God, who brought you out from the land of Egypt. 37 You shall thus observe all My statutes and all My ordinances and do them; I am the LORD.

82. Holiness in Sacrifice & Blood
Leviticus 17-20
Leviticus 17
Leviticus 18
Leviticus 18-19
Holiness in Sacrifice & Blood
Holiness in Marriage & sexuality
Holiness before God and men
Leviticus 20
Penalties for violating laws of holiness

83. Catalog and compare the laws and their penalties in Leviticus 20
Catalog and compare the laws and their penalties in Leviticus 20. How are these laws grouped? Is there a significance to these groupings?

84. Leviticus 20:22-23
You are therefore to keep all My statutes and all My ordinances and do them, so that the land to which I am bringing you to live will not spew you out. 23 Moreover, you shall not follow the customs of the nation which I will drive out before you, for they did all these things, and therefore I have abhorred them.

85. Leviticus 20:26
Thus you are to be holy to Me, for I the LORD am holy; and I have set you apart from the peoples to be Mine.

86. As obedient children, do not be conformed to the former lusts which were yours in your ignorance, 15 but like the Holy One who called you, be holy yourselves also in all your behavior; 16 because it is written, “You shall be holy, for I am holy .” (1 Peter 1:14-16)