1. Getting Into Practice: Using Evidence Based Practices on the Job

3. Goals for Today Getting ready Review Risk, Need, Responsivity Principles Caseload Management Based on Risk Level Caseload focus based on Needs and Responsivity How to Use Motivational Interviewing Depending on Stage of Change Cognitive Behavioral Interventions Wording for Court Reports Creating case plans

4. Are you Ready? Enforcer or Social Worker? Is the system broken? Are offenders capable of change? Compliance or Long-Term Change? Should offenders know we’re trying to change them? Do you dislike your clientele?

5. Are You Ready Are you ready for Collaboration? Are you ready for Creativity? Are you here to Help People? Are you here to Help Society? Are you feeling Competent?

6. Social Worker or Enforcer

7. Broken System

8. Offender Change

9. Compliance and Long Term Change

10. Secret Strategies

11. Feelings About Offenders

12. Collaboration

13. Creativity

14. Helping Offenders

15. Improve Society

16. Confidence Level

17. The Principles That Came From the What Works Research RISK PRINCIPLE NEEDS PRINCIPLE RESPONSIVITY PRINCIPLE and “professional discretion”

18. A Definition of Motivational Interviewing “A directive, client-centered counseling style for helping clients explore and resolve ambivalence about behavior change.” William R. Miller, 1991

19. RISK PRINCIPLE Match level of services to level of risk Higher Risk Offenders need MORE Lower Risk Offenders need LESS 1

20. Measure with Assessment Tools

21. Diversion For lower risk offenders

22. Court Reports New information for Judges

23. Prison Resources Limited – but essential

24. Violations Graduated Sanctions

25. Vary the Amount of Contact Depending on Risk Levels Different Strokes for Different Folks

26. Excellence in Evaluations The right assessment instruments Good training for evaluators Timely and on-going risk assessments

27. Manage Efficiently Technology and Creativity – Para-professionals, Teams, Kiosks, Phone Reporting

28. NEEDS PRINCIPLE Match Offenders to Services That address Criminogenic Needs 2

29. Stages of Change Model Relapse Pre- contemplation Contemplation Determination Maintenanc e Action PERMANENT EXIT ENTER HERE Prochaska & DiClemente (1986)

30. Major Motivational Interviewing Skills  Open-Ended Questions  Affirmations  Reflections  Summarizations Miller and Rollnick (1991), “Motivational Interviewing”, Guilford Press.

31. Pre-Contemplation no awareness of a problem Listen to the offender’s thinking process Notice discrepincies between what the offender wants in life and how he/she behaves Develop discrepancies by using MI skills

32. Amber in Pre-Contemplation Amber is 32 year old Drug offender -On parole Goal: Wants to stay out of prison Risk Factors: School and Work Problems Unproductive Use of Leisure Time Substance Abuse, Anti-social Peers

33. Robbie in Pre Contemplation Robbie is 16 years old Auto Theft -On Probation Goal: Wants his mother to just “back-off” Risks Factors: Dysfunctional family Anti-social values Low Self-Control

34. Kevin in Pre contemplation Kevin is 45 years old DV Offender - on Probation Goal: To be a good father Risk Factors: Anti-Social Values Just a little Psychopothy Low Self-Control Dysfunctional Family

35. Contemplation beginning to see possibilities Explore ambivalence with MI Skills Identify Pros and Cons Weigh Both Sides

36. Amber in Contemplation Considering a life with not drugs Says it would be too hard to stop

37. Robbie in Contemplation Robbie sees a connection between his behavior and the family dynamics at home He doesn’t know what to do about it though

38. Kevin in Contemplation Kevin is concerned about how his behavior might be affecting his son Kevin says he doesn’t want his son to follow in his footsteps and says he wants a better relationship with his family

39. Determination decided to try something new Remove obstacles Identify steps to Change Make a Plan Set Dates

40. Amber in Determination Amber has decided she’ll do whatever it takes to try to remove drugs from her life

41. Robbie in Determination Robbie has decided that there are things he can do to have a better relationship with his mother and wants to learn how he can change things at home.

42. Kevin in Determination Kevin decides he’s ready to enroll in the DV program even though he doesn’t think he can really learn anything new

43. Action making some changes Acknowledge actions Remove barriers Provide Positive Reinforcement Support Self-Efficacy

44. Amber in Action Amber has been going to substance abuse treatment for a month She has tested clean for a month

45. Robbie in Action Robbie has attended an anti-theft class for two months He has used his pro-social cousin Rick as a resource, and has avoided conflicts with his mother.

46. Kevin in Action Kevin brings in a progress report from his DV treatment program which says he has good insight but monopolizes the group’s time.

47. Maintenance stability with behavior change Develop skills to Maintain Behavior Continue to Support Self-Efficacy Continue to Remove Obstacles

48. Amber in Maintenance Amber has been clean for nine months She’s starting to think about some plans for her future

49. Robbie in Maintenance Robbie is getting along with both his parents He has started using some new skills to avoid arguments at home. He has changed the peers he hangs out with

50. Kevin in Maintenance Kevin has been in treatment for nine months Kevin and his wife are getting along much better Kevin thinks he’s learned a lot in treatment

51. Relapse returning to old behavior Learn from Mistakes Figure Out What To Do Next Determine which state of change the offender is in after relapsing

52. Amber in Relapse Amber spent some time with old friends and used again. She’s very remorseful and disappointed in herself

53. Robbie in Relapse Robbie is suspended for talking back to his teacher. He blames the teacher for the incident and doesn’t take any responsibility

54. Kevin in Relapse Kevin was rearrested for hitting his wife. He’s sorry his wife and son are afraid of him again. He’s very upset about being in jail

55. Criminal Personality AKA ANTI-SOCIAL PERSONALITY Or PSYCHOPATHY Extreme Callousness, grandiosity and irresponsibility

56. Thinking Distortions

57. All or Nothing Overgeneralization Mental Filter Disqualifying the Positive Jumping to Conclusions

58. Thinking Distortions Magnification or Minimization Emotional Reasoning Should Statements Labeling Personalization

59. Cognitive Behavioral Interventions Increase Awareness and Challenge Thinking Challenge Thinking Analysis of Antecedents and Consequences Keeping Journals Rating Your Feelings

60. Cognitive Behavioral Activities Leading to Change Thought Stopping Homework assignments Time-Outs Relaxation Techniques Contracts Token Economies Positive Reinforcement Modeling Skill Training Role Playing Coaching

61. Cognitive Behavioral Focus Engagement Cognitive Restructuring Emotional Regulation Social Skills Problem Solving Relapse Prevention

62. Criminogenic Needs and Court Reports Formatting Conditions Wording

63. NEEDS PRINCIPLE Match Offenders to Services That address Criminogenic Needs 2

64. Stages of Change Model Relapse Pre- contemplation Contemplation Determination Maintenanc e Action PERMANENT EXIT ENTER HERE Prochaska & DiClemente (1986)

65. RESPONSIVITY PRINCIPLE Match Treatment Type to Individual Characteristics of Offenders 3

66. RESPONSIVITY FACTORS General population: – Gender, ethnicity, race, age, mental illness, depression, anxiety, language Criminal Population: – Poor social skills, inadequate problem solving, concrete thinking processes, poor verbal skills, learning style, motivation (Bonta, 1995)

67. Other Client Issues Special problem areas not necessarily related to recidivism but particularly important in the offender’s life

68. Case Plan Risk Score Risk Factors Motivation Stage Strengths Interventions Due Dates Responsivity Factors Other Client Issues

69. CENTRAL CRIMINOGENIC NEEDS 1.Anti-Social Values 2.Criminal Peers 3.Low Self Control 4.Criminal Personality 5.Dysfunctional Family 6.School and Work Problems 7.Unproductive Use of Leisure Time 8.Substance Abuse

70. Role Models Criminal Justice Professional Pro-social Family Members Pro-social Peers Pro-social Employers Community Mentors – Church – Mentoring Programs – Community Members

71. ANTI-SOCIAL THINKING Role Models Information Cognitive-Behavioral Restructuring Motivation Empathy Acknowledgement

72. Conditions General Flexible Linked to Risk Factors Offense Specific

73. Sample Wording for Court Reports Name the Instrument Explain what it Measures Give the offender’s Risk level compared to other offenders Identify Criminogenic Risk Factors and other client issues List appropriate interventions and explain how they relate to risk factors