1. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Chapter 38 Sensation, Perception, and Cognition

2. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Physiology of Sensation, Perception, and Cognition Sensation –Ability to receive and process stimuli received through sensory organs Perception –Ability to experience, recognize, organize, and interpret sensory stimuli (continued)

3. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Physiology of Sensation, Perception, and Cognition Sensory perception –Ability to receive sensory impressions, relate stimuli to past experiences, and form impression of nature of stimulus –Involves cranial and peripheral nerves Cognition –Intellectual ability to think (continued)

4. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Physiology of Sensation, Perception, and Cognition Neurological functions Nervous system –Central –Peripheral (continued)

5. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Physiology of Sensation, Perception, and Cognition Components of sensation and perception: –Afferent nerve pathways –Efferent nerve pathways (continued)

6. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Physiology of Sensation, Perception, and Cognition Components of cognition: –Consciousness Arousal and awareness –Memory –Affect –Judgment –Perception –Language

7. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Factors Affecting Sensation, Perception, and Cognition Age Environment Lifestyle –Stress –Health status –Medications

8. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Sensory, Perceptual, and Cognitive Alterations Sensory deficits –Change in perception of sensory stimuli –Affects all five senses (continued)

9. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Sensory, Perceptual, and Cognitive Alterations Sensory deprivation –Inability to concentrate –Poor memory –Impaired problem-solving ability –Confusion –Irritability –Mood swings (continued)

10. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Sensory, Perceptual, and Cognitive Alterations Sensory deprivation –Depression –Boredom and apathy –Drowsiness –Hallucinations (continued)

11. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Sensory, Perceptual, and Cognitive Alterations Sensory overload –Anxiety –Restlessness –Irritability –Disorientation –Insomnia –Fatigue –Impaired problem-solving ability

12. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Sensation, Perception, Cognition and the Nursing Process Assessment –Health history Usual level of functioning Current sensory problems Potential alterations –Physical examination Cranial nerves (continued)

13. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Sensation, Perception, Cognition and the Nursing Process Assessment –Mental status assessment Levels of consciousness –Functional abilities ADLs –Environment Health care facility Client’s home (continued)

14. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Sensation, Perception, Cognition and the Nursing Process Diagnosis –NANDA statements Disturbed sensory perception Disturbed thought processes Social isolation Risk for injury (continued)

15. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Sensation, Perception, Cognition and the Nursing Process Planning and outcome identification –Remain safe and free from injury –Remain oriented to time, place, person, and situation –Possess intact, functioning senses –Perform self-care activities (continued)

16. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Sensation, Perception, Cognition and the Nursing Process Implementation –Managing sensory deficits Tactile alterations Hearing deficit or loss Visual impairment –Managing sensory deprivation –Managing sensory overload Assisting confused client (continued)

17. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Sensation, Perception, Cognition and the Nursing Process Implementation –Caring for unconscious client –Using restraints –Employing complementary and alternative therapies Herbals Aromatherapy (continued)

18. Copyright © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Sensation, Perception, Cognition and the Nursing Process Evaluation –Determine client’s need for continued assistance Long-term care Home care –Ongoing process