1. Plastic Product Design
SARATH BABU MADDUKURI

2. Index Over View of Plastic Product Design Polymer Fundamentals
Plastic Product Design Steps
Plastic Material Selection Process
Plastic Product Design Guidelines
Plastic Manufacturing Process
Basics of Injection Mold

3. Product Design Environment

4. Product Design & Development Steps
End Use Requirement
a) Anticipated Structural Requirement
Loads- Stresses a material will be subjected
Rate of Loading
Duration of Loading
Impact Forces
Vibration
Foreseeable Misuse
b) Anticipated Environment
Temp Extremes
c) Assembly and Secondary Operation
d) Cost Limits
e) Regulation Standards compliances

5. Product Design & Development Steps
Establish Preliminary Design( Preliminary Concept Sketch and Sections)
Select the material( Expected End Use Requirement, Material Data Sheets)
a) Mechanical Properties used for essential component design calculations
b) Other Relevant Properties
3 Modify Design as per the calculations results and desired function
a) Specific property balance of selected grade
b) Processing Limitation
c) Assembly Method
d) Cost of Modification

6. Product Design & Development Steps
CAD/CAE
Flow Analysis
Stress Analysis
5 Prototype and Testing
6 End Use Testing

7. Polymer Fundamentals

8. Polymer Fundamentals

9. Polymer Fundamentals

10. INTRODUCTION Plastics were considered as “Replacing Materials”
Today’s world plastics are unreplacable materials on the same level as the classic materials:
Primarily due to special combination of properties (profiles & material combinations)
Plastics offers solutions, that are not possible with classic materials (Electronics, Medical care, Automotive industries etc.)
Low weight, allows high accelerations & decelerations.
Weather resistance (Corrosion) is better than resistance of metallic materials.
Good Electrical Isolation properties (Housings of Electrical devices)
Low manufacturing costs, especially with injection moulding technology.

11. CLASSIFICATION : MATERIALS PLASTICS Thermoplastics High-Molecular
(Makromolecular)
materails
Organic
Metals
(as Ores)
Thermosets
Elastomers
PLASTICS
Thermoplastic
elastomers
Inorganic
e.g. Glasses
Crosslinkable
(vulcanisible)
Crosslinked:rubber
Natural
e.g. Wood
Synthetic resp.
Modified material
MATERIALS

12. Thermoplastics : They are thread-like molecules (Linear & Branched)
They are always Deformable – Fusible – Soluble.
As degree of polymerisation (molecule length) increases strength & toughness increases, but flowability decreases.
They are further classified as
Amorphous thermoplastics &
Crystalline (Partially crystalline) thermoplastics

13. Amorphous Thermoplastics:
Bulky thread-like molecules, with unarranged interconnected macromolecular structures, similar to that of staples in a cotton pad.
Transparent (Exception) : Styrol – copolymers with Butatein like ABS.
Lower degree of Shrinkage & high precision can be achieved with less cost.
High elastic properties between melt & freezing (Glass transition) temperature makes it to be produced at low holding pressure to avoid demoulding problems & high internal stress.
They are more sensitive against solvents & the parts are more suspectable to stress cracking.
Examples:
Polycarbonate (PC) , Polyvinylchloride (PVC), Acrylonitrile – Butadiene – Styrene – Copolymer (ABS), etc.

14. Acrylonitrile – Butadiene – Styrene – Copolymer (ABS) :
Structure : amorphous Density : 1,03 – 1,07 g/cm³ Elastic-Modulus : ~ 2400 N/mm²
Properties :
High rigidity & toughness also at low temperature to – 40º C,
High Scratch resistance, High impact resistance, High suspectability to stress cracking
Temperature limits:
Short-Term ~ 100°C, Long Term ~ 85°C
Surface Quality :
High gloss surface can be achieved.
Natural colour: opaque, non-transperant
Manufacturing related properties :
Low shrinkage & low tendency to wrap,
Good Paintability & electroplatability.
Applications :
Automotive panels - (Interior & Exterior parts), etc.

15. Acrylonitrile – Butadiene – Styrene – Copolymer (ABS) : Applications

16. Polycarbonate (PC) :
Structure : amorphous Density : 1,20 – 1,24 g/cm³ Elastic-Modulus : ~ 2200 N/mm²
Properties :
High strength & Hardness, Toughness at low temperature.
High impact resistance, High suspectability to stress cracking
Temperature limits:
Short-Term ~ 135°C, Long Term ~ 100°C
Surface Quality :
High gloss surface can be achieved.
Natural colour: Transperant
Manufacturing related properties :
Low shrinkage & low tendency to wrap,
Good Paintability & electroplatability.
Applications :
Automotive panels - (Interior & Exterior parts), Headlights, Helmets, etc.

17. Polycarbonate (PC) : Applications

18. Polyvinylchloride (PVC) :
Structure : amorphous Density : 1,38 – 1,55 g/cm³ Elastic-Modulus : ~ 3000 N/mm²
Properties :
High hardness & stiffness.
High impact resistance at low temperature till -5°C, below this brittleness increases.
High suspectability to notch failure.
Temperature limits:
Short-Term ~ 70°C, Long Term ~ 60°C
Surface Quality :
High gloss surface can be achieved.
Natural colour: Transperant till Opaque
Manufacturing related properties :
Low shrinkage
High chemical resistance
Applications :
Ducts, Ventilation Channels, tubes, etc.

19. Polyvinylchloride (PVC) : Applications

20. Crystalline Thermoplastics:
Bulky thread-like slim molecules, which are alligned or with each other.
Non transparent (translucent), naturally coloured good slip properties.
Higher degree of Shrinkage due to higher package of molecules.
Are less compressible than amorphous during hardening & freezing temperatures, hardly faces any demoulding problems.
Due to higher shrinkage may form voids during cooling.
Examples:
Polyethylene (PE), Polypropylene (PP), Polyamide (PA), Polyacetal (POM) etc.

21. Polyethylene (PE) :
Structure : Semi crystalline Density : 0.91 – 0.96 g/cm³ Elastic-Modulus : ~ 1200 N/mm²
Properties :
High stiffness & Hardness. Good elastic properties.
Practically unbreakable, ductile till -60°C
Temperature limits:
Short-Term ~ 135°C, Long Term ~ 80°C
Surface Quality :
High gloss surface can be achieved.
Natural colour: milky white
Manufacturing related properties :
No water absorption, High Shrinkage & tendency to warpage
High chemical resistance
Applications :
HR inserts, Ducts, Channels, etc.

22. Polyethylene (PE) : Applications

23. Polypropylene (PP) :
Structure : Semi crystalline Density : 0.90 – 0.92 g/cm³ Elastic-Modulus : ~ 1450 N/mm²
Properties :
High stiffness & Hardness. Stability higher than PE.
High flexural fatigue strength. Low impact strength at low temperature.
Temperature limits:
Short-Term ~ 140°C, Long Term ~ 100°C
Surface Quality :
High gloss surface can be achieved.
Natural colour: Colourless shining through
Manufacturing related properties :
No water absorption, High Shrinkage & tendency to warpage
High chemical resistance
Applications :
Car – Coverparts (Interior & Exteriors), etc.

24. Polypropylene (PP) : Applications

25. Polyamide (PA) :
Structure : Semi crystalline Density : 1.02 – 1.15 g/cm³ Elastic-Modulus : ~ N/mm²
Properties :
High stiffness & impact strength.
Good friction & wear resistance
Temperature limits:
Short-Term ~ 170°C, Long Term ~ 110°C
Surface Quality :
High gloss surface can be achieved.
Natural colour: Translucent white-yellow
Manufacturing related properties :
Good flow properties & chemical resistance,
Not so good shrinkage. Tendency to warpage.
Applications :
Car – (Inner, Outer), Bearings, Gear wheels, etc.

26. Polyamide (PA) : Applications

27. Thermosets :
They are closely crosslinked, that is the reason they are non – thermoplastic.
They are always Non - deformable – Infusible – Insoluble.
Examples:
Epoxy (EP), Phenol-formaldehyde (PF), etc.

28. Elastomeres:
They are loosely crosslinked, highly elastic & show very low plastic deformation.
They are highly deformable –Insoluble.
Examples:
Natural Rubber (NR), Ethylen-Propylen rubber (EOM, EPDM), etc.

29. Design Guidelines REQUIREMENT MATERIAL SELECTION
(For what ?, strength, assy)
MATERIAL SELECTION
(Cost , Manuf Prosess,Temp conds, Strength, Safety)
PACKAGING DATA & KINEMATICS
( From customer)
DECIDING SNAP & SCREW FIXING LOCATIONS
(Locking 6 deg. Of freedom, DFA )
FIX TOOLING DIRECTION
(Die-Draw direction, Minimum silder’s and aesthetic requirement )
(Packaging data,
strength requirement)
DECIDING STRENGTHING RIBS,LOCATIONS & GEOMETRY
DRAFT ANGLES,RIBS WALL THICKNESS RATIO
(As per design guidelines)

30. Design Guidelines TOOLING FEASIBILITY DRAFT ANALYSIS A & B SURFACES
( Minimum core thickness, Slider ejection space, Sharp corners etc.)
TOOLING FEASIBILITY
DRAFT ANALYSIS A & B SURFACES
SECTIONS WITH PACKAGING THROUGH SNAP & RIBS
( Tolerance issues)

31. Design Guidelines Material Selection:
The wide variety of injection moldable thermoplastics often makes material selection a difficult task.
Factors governing material selection
Cost
Functionality
Assembly (Typically when bonded)
Temperature
Strength
Government Regulations.
Surface finish/aesthetic etc.

32. Design Guidelines Wall thickness/ Base thickness:
Proper wall thickness determines success or demise of a product Like metals injection molded plastics also have normal working ranges of wall thickness. This can be taken into consideration while deciding wall thickness.
Factors to be considered while deciding wall thickness.
Structural strength of the part to be designed plays important role in deciding wall thickness.
Normal working ranges of wall from chart for particular material selected.
As a thumb rule 2.5mm.
Prior experience or bench mark parts can also be referred while deciding on wall thickness.

33. Design Guidelines Wall thickness/ Base thickness:
Once nominal wall thickness is decided, following are some design rules which should be followed.
Maintain uniform wall thickness wherever possible which helps in material flow in mold, reduces risk of sink marks, Induced stresses & consideration of different shrinkage
For non-uniform wall thickness change in thickness should not exceed 15% of nominal thickness & should transition gradually.
At corner areas minimum fillet at inner side should be 50% of wall thickness.

34. Design Guidelines Core-Cavity-Slider directions & Parting lines :
It is always recommended first to decide upon the core-cavity direction Generally core-cavity direction & parting line depends upon following parameters
The shape & function of the component. Shape in turn is governed by A- Surface, packaging/environment data.
Core-cavity & slider directions should be considered such that they do not appear on A-Surfaces, unless otherwise specified & accepted by the customer.

35. Design Guidelines Draft Angles (On component walls):
Draft is necessary for ejection of part from the mold & are always Tooling (Die-Draw) & Slider direction.
Recommended draft angle is minimum 1deg.
Factors governing draft angle.
Surface finish – Highly polished mold requires less draft than an unpolished mold.
Surface Texture (Graining) – Draft increases with texture depth,normally 1 deg draft for every 0.025mm depth recommended.
Draw depth – To keep the draft angle to minimum as thumb rule draft angle – draw depth charts are followed & often design engineer should discuss with tool maker.

36. Design Guidelines Ribs :
Ribs should be used when needed for stiffness & strength or to assist in filling difficult areas.
For structural parts where sink marks are no concerns -Rib base thickness can be 75%-80% of adjoining wall thickness
For appearance parts where sink marks are objectionable: With texture (Graining) - Rib base thickness should not exceed 50% of adjoining wall thickness for part Without texture (Graining) - Rib base thickness should not exceed 30% of adjoining wall thickness.
Some important points to consider while rib design.
Draft angle on ribs should be minimum 0.5 deg per side
Rib height should be 2.5 to 3 times of wall thickness for effective strength. Recommended to add multiple ribs instead of single large rib, Spacing between multiple ribs should be at least 2 times that of rib thickness.
Fillets at base of ribs should be 0.5mm Minimum.

37. Design Guidelines Bosses :
Usually designed to accept inserts, self tapping screws, drive pins etc for use in assembling or mounting parts.
Some important points to consider while Boss design:
The O.D of the boss should be ideally 2.5 times of screw diameter for self tapping screw applications.
If O.D exceeds 50% of adjoining wall thickness, thinner wall boss of O.D 2 times or less of screw diameter can be considered with supported by ribs.
Bosses should be attached to walls with ribs. Thickness at base of rib should not exceed 50% of adjoining wall thickness.
Boss inside & outside diameters should have 0.5 deg draft per side.

38. Design Guidelines
Bosses :

39. Design Guidelines Coring :
Coring in injection molding terms to addition of steel to mold for the purpose of removing plastic material in that area Coring is necessary to create Pocket or, Opening in the part or to reduce heavily walled section.

40. Design Guidelines Openings :
Openings are desired in a part to eliminate sliders, cams, pullers, etc. to accommodate features like snaps As general thumb rule 5deg angle in the area of mating of core & cavity is required.

41. Design Guidelines Assemblies : Types of assemblies :
Molded-in assembly
Chemical bonding assembly
Thermal welding assembly
Assembly with fasteners.
Molded-in Assembly : (Snap fit, Press fit, molded in threads etc.)
This is generally the most economical method of assembly Assembly is fast, inexpensive & does not require any additional part or substance. Minimizes changes of improper assembly Some times tooling becomes complex & expensive.

42. Design Guidelines
Snap fit assembly :

43. Design Guidelines Snap fit assembly : Important points to remember :
Y = Deflection
Q values to be referred from Material graphs
Important points to remember :
Design for given assembly force or overlap length & material.
Deflection required to assemble the part should always be less than maximum deflection(strain) for safe design.
Snaps increase possibility of sliders wherever possible try to eliminate sliders by providing slot below snap or moving snap to outer edge of the part, if design permits.

44. Design Guidelines Press fit assembly :
Press fit design is more critical in plastics (Thermoplastics as they creep (Stress or Relax).
Good design should minimize stress on the plastic,by considering assembly tolerance between assembled parts & clamping force due to creep relaxation.

45. Design Guidelines Adhesive joints assembly :
Two similar or dissimilar plastics can be assembled in a strong leak-tight bond by using adhesives.
The choice of adhesive depends upon the application & the environment to which the part would be subjected.
Some of adhesives are Polyurethanes, Epoxies, Cyanoacrylates, Silicones etc.

46. Design Guidelines Bolts –Nuts - Screws :
Certain precaution must be taken while designing to reduce excessive compressive stress on the plastic.
Larger head screw or larger washer is preferred as that contact area increases & stress reduces.

47. Design Guidelines Molded in threads :
Coarse threads are preferred due to higher strength & torque limits.
Generally 0.8 – 0.9 mm relief should be provided to prevent high stress at the end of the threads.
To reduce the stress concentration minimum 0.25mm radius should be applied to the threads roots.
External threads should be as far as possible located on parting lines to avoid need of unscrewing mechanism.
Internal threads are usually formed by an unscrewing or collapse core.

48. Design Guidelines Self Tapping Screws :
Further classified in 2 types Thread cutting & Thread forming
Thread cutting screw is most used on brittle plastics such as thermosets & filled (50%) thermoplastics. They should not be reinstalled
Thread forming screws is mostly used on thermoplastics. They can be reinstalled for 3 to 5 times.
General Guidelines while using self-tapping fasteners:
Thread engagement length 2.5 times screw diameter
Boss diameter minimum 2 times of pilot hole diameter.
Cored hole should have 0.25 ° to 0.5° draft.
Holes should be counterbored or chamfered to a depth of 0.5mm to aid alignment & avoid cracking of boss.
Sufficient clearance to be kept between screw end & bottom of the hole.

49. TOLERANCE RANGE TO BE GIVEN ON DWGS:

50. HOW
SLIDERS & LIFTERS
WORK ?

51. SLIDER FOR UNDERCUT :
Undercut
Horn Pin
Slide
Molded Part

52. SLIDER FOR UNDERCUT :

53. SLIDER FOR UNDERCUT :
Pulled Undercut

54. SLIDER FOR UNDERCUT : Cover tool Molded part Horn Pin Locking Block
Spring
Slide core

55. SLIDER FOR UNDERCUT :

56. SLIDER FOR UNDERCUT :

57. SLIDER FOR UNDERCUT :

58. LIFTER FOR UNDERCUT :
Lifter
Undercut
Angled pin

59. LIFTER FOR UNDERCUT :

60. LIFTER FOR UNDERCUT :

61. LIFTER FOR UNDERCUT :
Molded part
Lifter
Undercut
Horn pin
Lose core

62. LIFTER FOR UNDERCUT :

63. LIFTER FOR UNDERCUT :

64. LIFTER FOR UNDERCUT :

65. HYDRAULIC CYLINDER FOR UNDERCUT :
Core pin
Undercut
Hydraulic Cylinder

66. HYDRAULIC CYLINDER FOR UNDERCUT :

67. HYDRAULIC CYLINDER FOR UNDERCUT :

68. FORCED EJECTION :

69. FORCED EJECTION :

70. FORCED EJECTION :

71. FORCED EJECTION :

72. FORCED EJECTION :

73. MULTIPLE UNDERCUTS
Molded Part
Slide
Hydraulic Cylinder

74. MULTIPLE UNDERCUTS

75. MULTIPLE UNDERCUTS

76. MULTIPLE UNDERCUTS

77. MULTIPLE SLIDERS: Core Pin Locking Block Molded part Horn Pin Undercut
Spring
Slide

78. MULTIPLE SLIDERS:

79. MULTIPLE SLIDERS:

80. REFERENCES:
Honeywell Injection Moulding Processing Guide (2002).
Honeywell Design Soultions (2002).
JCI Plastics Training Manual.
Injection Moulding Design by Pye

81. THANK YOU

82. Product Design & Development Steps
Design For Stiffness
Relation between load and deflection of the part is Stiffness
Determined by material and geometry of the part
Material Stress Strain Curves ( Young's Modulus)
Design For Strength
Max Load that can be applied to a part without resulting into part failure
Determined by Tensile stress strain curves( Tensile Strength etc)
Design for Behavior overtime
Creep : Time dependent Increasing Strain under constant stress
Stress Relaxation: Reduction of stress under constant strain

83. Product Design & Development Steps
Design for Impact Performance
Ability of material to withstand impulsive loading
Factors: type of material, geometry, wall thickness, size of component,
operating temp, rate of loading etc
Design for appearance
Sink Marks, weld lines, air traps, voids, streaks, delamination, jetting, gate marks etc
Design for precision
Design for moldability
Design for Recyclability
Design for automation

84. Part Application Requirement

85. Material Selection Process

86. Material Selection Process

87. Design Based Material Selection

88. Guidelines for Injection Molded Design

89. Guidelines for Injection Molded Design

90. Guidelines for Injection Molded Design

91. Guidelines for Injection Molded Design

92. Guidelines for Injection Molded Design

93. Guidelines for Injection Molded Design

94. Guidelines for Injection Molded Design

95. Guidelines for Injection Molded Design

96. Guidelines for Injection Molded Design

97. Guidelines for Injection Molded Design

98. Guidelines for Injection Molded Design

99. Guidelines for Injection Molded Design

100. Guidelines for Injection Molded Design

101. Guidelines for Injection Molded Design

102. Guidelines for Injection Molded Design

103. Guidelines for Injection Molded Design

104. Guidelines for Injection Molded Design

105. Plastic Processing

106. Plastic Processing

107. Plastic Processing-Injection Molding

108. Plastic Processing-Injection Molding

109. Plastic Processing-IMD

110. Plastic Processing-Injection Molding

111. Assembly Techniques for Plastic parts

112. Assembly Techniques –Snap Fits
Snap fit cantilever beam type
Snap fit cylindrical Type

113. Assembly Techniques –Snap Fits
Factors for calculating cantilever beam for Snap fit

114. Mold Design For Snap Fits
Assembly Techniques –Snap Fits
Mold Design For Snap Fits

115. Assembly Techniques –Spin Welding

116. Assembly Techniques –Ultrasonic Welding

117. Assembly Techniques –Hot Plate Welding

118. Assembly Techniques –Adhesive Bonding

119. Assembly Techniques –Ultrasonic Insertion

120. Assembly Techniques –Screw and Bosses

121. Assembly Techniques for Plastic parts

122. Injection Mold

123. Injection Mold

124. Injection Mold- Slider and Stripper Plate

125. Injection Mold- Stripper Plate

126. Injection Mold- Stripper Plate

127. Injection Mold-Hot Runner System

128. Tooling considerations for product design.

129. Plastic Design Major Messages
1. Maintain a uniform wall section - 2.0mm is typical. 2. Utilize the appropriate radii where applicable: 3. Strive to use snap fit and thread forming screws whenever possible to eliminate hardware, maximize design for assembly (DFA), and achieve the lowest cost Draft is mandatory. 1.5 degrees per side, plus 1 degree per depth of texture Eliminate side draws (slides) and undercuts (lifters) whenever possible. Use through wall openings Use the general tolerance box - tight tolerances drive up part and tooling cost Do not put datum on flexible walls or points in space.
Plastic Design Major Messages

130. Rib to Wall Ratio Typical Rules for Rib Thickness
Conventional Thermoplastics - 0.7T some sink mark will come
- 0.4T for part which is visible Structural Foam T

131. Uniform Wall Sections
It is important to use uniform walls to minimize warp age and maximize manufacturability potential.
Injection Molding : to 4mm Structural Foam : mm No thin areas less than 1.5mm No thick areas - core for uniform sections.
Always try to core from the ejector side of part.

132. Draft Angles Draft is needed to facilitate release of part from mold.
The draft to use, unless otherwise specified, is 1.5 degrees per side.
Indicate if draft is to be added or subtracted from nominal dimension.
Show draft on part whenever possible to avoid confusion as to direction.
The "No Draft Allowed" is not to be used. Even on critical areas allow 0.5 degrees.

133. Limits of Undercuts Eliminate undercuts by alternative redesign.
A minimum of 5 degree shut-off is required for all areas around a through opening. A 7 degree angle is even better.
See "Bad" steel conditions for steel limitations

134. "Bad" Steel Conditions
Generally, "Bad" steel conditions can be avoided if all standing steel has a height to width ratio of 1:1 or better.

137. Slide Core
Molded Part
Undercut
Horn Pin
Slide

138. Slide Core

139. Slide Core

140. Slide Core
Pulled Undercut

141. Slide Core
Pulled Undercut

142. Slide Core

143. Slide Core

144. Slide Core

145. Slide Core

146. Slide Core

147. Slide Core 　　　

148. Slide Core
Excessive travel

149. Slide Core

150. Slide Core Cover tool Molded part Horn Pin Locking Block Undercut
Spring
Slide core

151. Slide Core

152. Slide Core

153. Slide Core

154. Slide Core

155. Slide Core

156. Slide Core

157. Slide Core

158. Slide Core Locking Block Core pin Molded part Horn Pin Undercut Spring

159. Slide Core

160. Slide Core

161. Slide Core

162. Slide Core

163. Slide Core

164. Slide Core

165. Slide Core

166. Slide Core

167. Slide Core

168. Accelerated Lifter　　　　
Lifter
Undercut
Angled pin

169. Accelerated Lifter

170. Accelerated Lifter

171. Accelerated Lifter

172. Accelerated Lifter

173. Accelerated Lifter

174. Accelerated Lifter

175. Accelerated Lifter
Crash condition

176. Hydraulic cylinder
Core pin
Undercut
Hydraulic Cylinder

177. Hydraulic cylinder

178. Hydraulic pin

179. Ejecting molded part

180. Ejecting molded part

181. Actuating Core pin

182. Ejection of undercut part
Hydraulic Cylinder
Slide Core

183. Ejection of undercut part

184. Ejection of undercut part

185. Ejection of undercut part

186. Ejection of undercut part

187. Ejection of undercut part

188. Ejection of undercut part

189. Ejection of undercut part

190. Ejection of undercut part

191. Ejection of undercut part

192. Pendulum Core Pin

193. Pendulum Core Pin

194. Pendulum Core Pin

195. Pendulum Core Pin

196. Pendulum Core Pin

197. Pendulum Core Pin

198. Pendulum Core Pin

199. Pendulum Core Pin

200. Pendulum Core Pin

201. Pendulum Core Pin

202. Center Rib with Undercut

203. Center Rib with Undercut

204. Center Rib with Undercut

205. Center Rib with Undercut

206. Center Rib with Undercut

207. Center Rib with Undercut

208. Center Rib with Undercut

209. Forced Ejection

210. Forced Ejection

211. Forced Ejection

212. Forced Ejection

213. Forced Ejection

214. Multiple Undercut
Molded Part
Slide
Hydraulic Cylinder

215. Die Opening

216. Die Opening

217. Lifter Ejection

218. Part Ejection

219. Lifter Return

220. Slide Return

221. Die Closing

222. Multiple External Slides
Locking Block
Core Pin
Molded part
Horn Pin
Undercut
Spring
Slide

223. Multiple External Slides

224. Multiple External Slides

225. Multiple External Slides

226. Multiple External Slides

227. Multiple External Slides

228. Multiple External Slides

229. Multiple External Slides

230. Multiple External Slides

231. Multiple External Slides

232. Multiple Undercuts

233. Multiple External Slides
Locking block
Core pin
Molded part
Horn Pin
Under
Spring
Slide

234. Multiple External Slides

235. Multiple External Slides

236. Multiple External Slides

237. Multiple External Slides

238. Multiple External Slides

239. Multiple External Slides

240. Multiple External Slides

241. Multiple External Slides

242. Multiple External Slides

243. Angled Lifter　　　　　　　　
Molded part
Lifter
Undercut
Horn pin
Lose core

244. Angled Lifter

245. Ejection

246. Ejection

247. Ejection

248. Ejection

249. Die closing

250. Die closing

251. Die closing　　　　　　　

252. A B
Impossible lifter condition B A

255. Thanks

256. Injection Mold-Hot Runner System