2. VOCABULARY REVIEW A picture is worth a thousand words!

3. oppress To keep someone down by means of authority (verb) Oppression (noun) oppressive (adjective) Slavery was perhaps the most oppressive act in American history as thousands of Africans were forced into service. Why you gotta be like that?

4. calamity A disaster, event that causes destruction (n.) Just when I thought the party couldn’t be more of a calamity, it started raining and the tent caved in on all the guests!

5. genial Friendly and cheerful (adjective) Genially (adverb) The old woman smiled so genially, it was hard for Snow White to distrust her.

6. vicarious Experience in the imagination through the feelings/actions of others (adjective) Vicariously (adverb) Origin – vicar (Person who stands in for the bishop – the substitute) While his days of playing were long gone, Bob experienced the love of baseball vicariously through his son, Timmy.

7. dogged Showing tenacity and persistence (adjective) Doggedly (adverb) The little blue engine wasn’t sure she could make it over the mountain, but her dogged determination was what enabled her to succeed in the end. I think I can.

8. cynical Distrustful of the motives of other people (adjective) Cynicism (noun), cynic (noun), cynically (adverb) Although I would like to believe that most politicians have the good of society first in their minds, there are many cynical people who believe politicians are out for their own personal gain.

9. irreverent Showing lack of respect for people/things that are generally taken seriously (adjective) Irreverence (noun), irreverently (adverb) Reverence  opposite (means showing respect) ir- meaning not I couldn’t believe the irreverence of Fred when he passed gas during Great Granny Matilda’s funeral service!

10. zealous Showing great enthusiasm (adjective) Zeal / zealot (noun) Greek myth Zelos, son of Zeus representing enthusiasm (sibling of Nike) The antiwar demonstrators were peaceful, yet zealous, throughout the protest.

11. fickle Changing frequently, often referring to interests and loyalties (adjective) Fickleness (noun) Adolescent relationships can be very fickle. A person can like one person one day and another the next.

12. conceited Vain, overly proud of oneself (adjective) Conceit (noun), conceitedly (adverb) I’m not sure if there are any people on the planet more conceited than the Kardashians. I’m still not completely sure why they are well known in the first place! OMG, we are like so totally cool, ya know?

13. rash Showing lack of consideration for one’s actions (adjective) Rashly (adverb), rashness (noun) It may have been a rash decision, but if Spider- Man had paused to consider the danger, Mary Jane would have perished from the fall.

14. candor Honesty, frankness, open in expression (noun) Candid (adjective) I wished my teacher wouldn’t have spoken with such candor when I asked him what he thought of my essay.

15. ecstasy Overwhelming feeling of happiness (noun) ecstatic (adjective) It was pure ecstasy when the Philadelphia Phillies won the championship in 2008.

16. morose Bad-tempered and sulky (adjective) Morosely (adverb) Squidward is the complete opposite of his neighbor Spongebob. While Spongebob is happy and exuberant, Squidward remains a morose companion. I’m ready!

17. callow Inexperienced & immature (adjective) Callowness (noun) Although there are high hopes for the 76ers rookie Nerlens Noel, experts believe he is too callow to make a true impact in his first year.

18. callous Unfeeling, showing a disregard for others (adjective) Callus (noun – hardened blister on skin) Callousness (noun), callously (adverb) After taking control of the pride, Scar remained callous to the suffering of the other animals in the valley.

19. imperious Assuming power or authority / arrogant & dominating (adjective) imperial (adj) Imperiously (adverb) The rule of the Imperial Empire was dominated by the iron hand of Darth Vader.

20. superfluous Unnecessary due to being more than enough (adjective) The irrigation canals helped control superfluous water to insure that the crops would not become flooded during heavy rain.

21. salient Noticeable or prominent (adjective) Salience/saliency (noun), saliently (adverb) His bizarre half-beard was clearly the most salient aspect of his facial features.

22. pertinacity The act of holding firmly to a belief or action (noun) Pertinacious (adj.) The pertinacity that the mule showed indicated that he was not about to be moved.

23. prudence Wisdom or good judgment for the future (noun) Prudent (adjective) I wanted to ask Kimmy to the dance, but I didn’t think it would be prudent since she just broke her legs.

24. iridescent Showing luminous colors that seem to change at different angles (adjective) Iridescence (noun), iridescently (adverb) Origin – mythology Iris – goddess of the rainbow I marveled at the iridescent quality of the early evening sky. It was if a rainbow had unfolded like a sleeping bag across the heavens.

25. avarice Extreme greed for material wealth (noun) Avaricious (adjective) His avarice was apparent as he constantly looked to acquire new properties at the expense of others’ misfortunes.

26. quagmire A soft, boggy marsh area - swamp (noun) Mix-up, mess, or difficult predicament (noun) My guests were in quite a quagmire when my graduation party fell on the same day as Game 7 of the Flyers game for the Stanley Cup.

27. apathy Lack of interest/concern (noun) Apathetic (adjective) “A” – No, “pathos” – feeling If you want to see apathy, walk into an 8 th grade classroom.