1. A. Oxygen Deficit and EPOC Oxygen Deficit - The difference between the oxygen required during exercise and the oxygen supplied and utilized. Occurs at the onset of all activity Excess Post Exercise Oxygen Consumption (EPOC) - Oxygen consumption during recovery that is above normal resting values The Anaerobic Exercise Response Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Metabolic System Unit 4

2. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 4.7

3. During the transition from rest to exercise, energy is supplied by: 1. Oxygen transport and utilization 1. Oxygen transport and utilization 2. Utilization of oxygen stores in capillary blood and on myoglobin 2. Utilization of oxygen stores in capillary blood and on myoglobin 3. The splitting of stored ATP-PC 3. The splitting of stored ATP-PC 4. Anaerobic glycolysis, with the concomitant production of lactic acid 4. Anaerobic glycolysis, with the concomitant production of lactic acid The Anaerobic Exercise Response Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Metabolic System Unit 4

4. Causes of EPOC 1. Restoration of ATP-PC stores The Anaerobic Exercise Response Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Metabolic System Unit 4

5. 2. Restoration of oxygen stores 3. Elevated cardiovascular- respiratory function 4. Elevated hormonal levels 5. Elevated body temperature 6. Lactate removal The Anaerobic Exercise Response Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Metabolic System Unit 4

6. A. ATP-PC changes The Anaerobic Exercise Response Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 4.8

7. B. Lactate Changes 1. Short-term, supramaximal The Anaerobic Exercise Response Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 4.8

8. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 4.9 1. Short- and Long-Term Low Intensity Exercise – Lactic Acid

9. 2. Incremental Exercise to Maximum Lactate Threshold Anaerobic Exercise Responses – Lactic Acid

10. Lactate Threshold The point at which lactate levels break from linearity and begins to accumulate above resting values during incremental exercise to maximum The more work an athlete can do before accumulation, the better their performance. Most individuals will exercise for long durations at intensities BELOW their lactate thresholds

11. 3. Dynamic Resistance Exercise Lactate responses will vary depending upon intensity and duration, but an increase beyond resting values would be expected due to the anaerobic nature of the activity Anaerobic Exercise Responses – Lactic Acid

12. Why is Lactic Acid a Problem? 1. Pain 2. Performance decrement a. Metabolic fatigue b. Muscular fatigue The Anaerobic Exercise Response Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings