1. Macroevolution: Processes of Vertebrate and Mammalian Evolution Chapter 5

2. How old is the human species? Darwin’s Dangerous idea @8:45@8:45

3. The Earth is 4.6 Billion years old Australopith icus afarensis 3- 1.8mya Homo habilis 2.1- 1.6mya Homo erectus 1.8- 0.3mya Homo sapien sapiens 92,000ya Homo sapien sapiens 22,000ya

4. Million Years Ago Australopithicus africanus 3.03-2.04 mya

6. Geological Eras largest category Paleozoic Vertebrates appeared 500 mya. Mesozoic Reptiles were dominant land vertebrate, placental mammals appeared 70 mya. Cenozoic Divided into Tertiary and Quaternary periods and 7 epochs.

7. EPOCHS SMALLEST CATEGORY Smallest category of the geological time scale. In the Cenozoic, epochs include Holocene Pleistocene Pliocene Miocene Oligocene Eocene Paleocene

8. Geological Time Scale The organization of earth history into eras, periods, and epochs; commonly used by geologists and paleoanthropologists.

9. Fossils of Mesosaurus, a freshwater reptile living during the Paleozoic Era, have been found in both Brazil and South Africa WHY?

10. Early Permian period 300mya (in the Paleozoic Epoch)

11. Permian 225mya Jurassic 150mya Cretaceous 65mya Today Continental Drift The movement of continents on sliding plates of the earth’s surface. As a result, the positions of large landmasses have shifted drastically during the earth’s history.

12. Africa South America India Australia Antarctica FOSSIL EVIDENCE LYSTROSAURUS GLOSSOPTERIS MESOSAURUS CYNOGNATHUS

13. PLATE TECTONICS