1. SMART Sustainable Moulding of Articles from Recycled Tyres First Year Project Meeting Rome, the 27 th and 28 th of February 2013 Results of direct moulding conducted in TEBAMIX

2. The following samples were received from: 1.Rubber granulate(powder) 0-0,8 mm* 2.Rubber granulate 1-2 mm* 3.Rubber granulate 1-4 mm* 4.Rubber buffing** *- produced by ORZEŁ S.A. - Ćmiłów ** produced by FBO Rubber Technology Company - Wolbrom 12 34

3. Effect of moulding pressure

4. Mould construction

5. Processing conditions: 1.Moulding temperature : 180 o C 2.Moulding time : 15 min (starting from hot moulds) 3.Moulding pressure: variable

6. Effect of moulding pressure on the granulate (1-2 mm) parameters Measured parameters: Hardness Thickness Tensile strength Elongation at break Density The materials (rubber granulate and buffing) were direct moulded in plates of φ 150mm x4 mm before obtaining dog-bone specimens.

7. Details for specified tests Test methodRelevant standardDevice modelDevice photo Hardness (Shore A)PN-80/C-04238 Zwick digital Shore hardness testers Tensile strength and elongation at break PN-ISO 37Testing Machine ZMGI 500 ThicknessPN-ISO 37Thickness gage Sylvac 25mm/0,001 DensityPN-ISO 2781+AC1 Analytical balance WAS 136/C/2 Density determination kit

8. Change of the tensile strength [MPa]

9. Change of the elongation at break [%]

10. Change of the hardness [ o ShA]

11. Change of the density [ g/cm 3 ]

12. Change of the thickness

13. Effect of moulding pressure on the granulate (1-2 mm) – all samples

14. Effect of the presence of moisture in the rubber powder – samples thickness ~ 20 mm Rubber powder was dried under different conditions: 180 C x 30 min - on the press plate 150 C x 60 min - on the press plate 120 C x 90 min - in a dryer Blisters are present in all samples.

15. Mixing different types of granules in one sample Upper layer – powder 0-0.8 mm* (3 mm thickness) Lower layer – granulate 1-2 mm (15 mm thickness) * The rubber powder was undried. The surface is smooth and don't have blisters.

16. Another experiments

17. Processing conditions: 1.Moulding temperature : 180 o C 2.Moulding time : 15 min (starting from hot moulds) 3.Moulding pressure: 3,2 MPa 4.Plates dimension: 120 x 90 x 4 mm* * unless otherwise noted

18. Mould construction:

19. Effect of the presence of moisture in the rubber powder* (0-0,8mm) No blisters *Samples dimension: 120x90x2

20. Effect of the presence of moisture in the rubber powder* (0-0,8mm) *Samples dimension: 120x90x2

21. Comparison all tested granulates All samples were made by using direct moulding.

22. Modification of surface granulates (1-2 mm) by addition: Curing system (vulcanising agent, accelerator) Sulphur TMTD Zinc stearate Plasticisers Paraffinic oil Aromatic oil Machine oil Solvents Water Extraction gasoline Resin (other than polyurethane binder) novolac

23. Modification by sulphur - influence increase the percentage of sulfur

24. Modification by TMTD and sulphur/TMTD (5:1)

25. Modification by zinc stearate

26. Modification by plasticisers

27. Modification by solvents

28. Modification by novolac (resin)

29. Recycled rubber products were made by using of polyurethane binder. Processing conditions 1.Moulding temperature : 90 o C 2.Moulding time : 7 min (starting from hot moulds) 3.Moulding pressure: 3,2 MPa 4.Plates dimension: 120 x 90 x 4 mm 5.Polyuretane binder content : 6 wt % Rubber plates were moulded by using: 1.Rubber granulate(powder) 0-0,8 mm 2.Rubber granulate 1-2 mm 3.Rubber granulate 1-4 mm 4.Rubber buffing

30. Comparison all tested samples were obtained by using of polyurethane resin

31. Comparision of samples ( similar density 1.12-1.15g/cm3)