1. 1 This file presents material on THERA for which we need to begin generating some high-res graphics and design documents for dual purposes – the actual fabrication and development, and for media, PR, and marketing. This file and the images herein are “controlled distribution” – i.e., only for people where there is a serious prospect on behalf of and beneficial to TETRADYN TETRADYN, LLC Your Gateway to Intelligent Energy, Transportation and Living Copyright © 2008 TETRADYN, LLC All Rights Reserved

2. 2 TEDTRADYN Collected sketches pertaining to core product development: THERA Proprietary and Confidential Data – Company Property No Distribution or Copying except under controlled authorization Copyright ©2008 TETRADYN, LLC

3. 3 Preface – about Design, Communication, Marketing, and how the Image fits for each function and transforms from one to the other Economy and efficiency of thinking and working, brains and muscle, is the name of the game. This is what gets us ahead faster, better, sharper, clearer, and toward attainment of our corporate and personal goals. On the next slide is the “flowchart” that defines what you see here and how we do things. From sketches and words we produce Core Design Diagrams that are the basis for formal Engineering CAD and for formal Presentation Media Design. Engineering CAD (ECAD) is what gets used by modelers, simulators, prototypers, NCC programmers, and mechanics. ECAD is tech for use in tech. It is what leads to the final product being made to spec and within tolerance. Presentation Media (PMED) is what gets turned into marketing, PR, and promotional material. It is used to produce JPG, PNG, Flash, and whatever else is chosen to convey to customers, investors, the public, what we have and how it works. Thus it is essential that we establish good, solid Core Design Diagrams (CDD) which can be easily used by whomever is working on the next stages. What follows here are some of the precursors for CDD. Copyright ©2008 TETRADYN, LLC

4. 4 THERA – Hydrogen, Hybrids, for power and propulsion The following first set of slides (black backgrounds) refer to the overall applications. Thereafter (starting on slide 18) follow some drawings that pertain to components, in particular the way that the hydrogen storage devices will fit into some vehicles, our first focus being for an automobile. Remember – THERA is not locked-in to only one model or type of vehicle. It is not even limited to automobiles per se. Copyright ©2008 TETRADYN, LLC 4

5. 5 Making the Smart Car Smart and Super “ Super-ESL” Super-E Super-Efficient (in energy consumption, > 100 mpg and more) Super-Easy (for fueling and mean/max time in driving between fuel/charging stops) Super-S Super-Safe (because the fuel storage cylinders will enhance stability and crash safety) Super-Smart (because the car now becomes more than just a means of transportation but the intelligence center for communications and a lot of life- support and energy functions over and beyond “getting from point A to point B”, and of use to people when it is simply parked, in the yard or wherever) Super-L Super-Light (in weight) Super-Likeable (because of all the features a consumer never expected or imagined would be in their car) Copyright ©2008 TETRADYN, LLC 5

6. 6 POWER THERA is (Hybrid) 2 This means: (1) It is hybrid using ELECTRIC power and [optional] a FUEL COMBUSTION engine where the latter can be for drive power or electrical generation or both (2) It is hybrid in its use of HYDROGEN for both fuel-cell powered Electric power and as an additive to the fuel for the Combustion engine (3) It is hybrid in its choice of an internal or external combustion system for the Fuel Combustion technology (4) It is hybrid in its [future, optional] use of combined hydrogen, liquid fuel and solar sources for electrical generation while operating or parked. Copyright ©2008 TETRADYN, LLC 6

7. 7 Generator Copyright ©2008 TETRADYN, LLC POWER H-system (Hydrogen) P-system (photovoltaic, solar) EC-system (Liquid fuel, External Combustion) IC-system (Liquid fuel, Internal Combustion) Fuel cells Internal Combustion Engine Electric Drive Motors Electric Current Hydrogen Petrol, biofuel, syn fuel Solar cells (vehicle body surface) Batteries External Combustion Engine Steam Direct Drive Transmission 7

8. 8 POWER Hydrogen is stored super-safe in cylinders that are embedded in the design of the vehicle – NOT in separate storage units!!! There are one, two, or three power systems in a THERA vehicle (1) Hydrogen-fuel-cell and electric drive motors - basic (2) Either an IC or EC liquid multi-fuel system with hydrogen additives to the fuel for efficiency enhancement. (Not both IC and EC in one vehicle) The IC can be employed in the design to provide direct power drive that supplements or takes over from the electrical drive motors, or to only provide supplemental power generation The EC is exclusively for supplemental power generation (3) The optional solar (photovoltaic) power gen supplement uses conventional (Si-based cell technology) and conductive polymers for electricity generation through the vehicle body surface. Copyright ©2008 TETRADYN, LLC 8

9. 9 POWER The first THERA vehicle design is focused upon H + IC But the base design accommodates the Future including EC and P power systems. (1) To design the vehicle only for one type of engine and power generation when you know it can take advantage of others soon would be a business and engineering mistake (2) Part of the marketing strength for THERA vehicle technology is that the customer can know what is coming down the pike next and that in some cases the new technology could be retrofitted to an existing vehicle. (3) Elements of IC, EC and P variants may be ready sooner than we imagine if we have sufficient engineering and fabrication funding. (4) The days of thinking that you need to or should get rid of your whole current car in order to upgrade to a new one are Over and that model is Stupid, especially in the New Economy. THERA-One Copyright ©2008 TETRADYN, LLC 9

10. 10 SECRETS The secret of how THERA solves the problems of weight and storage capacity for Hydrogen, for Fuel Cells, and for Batteries, and how we make the vehicle exceptionally more roadworthy, efficient and safe for both roll-overs and crashes is in the special way we handle Hydrogen and how we design the structure of the vehicle. By doing so with THERA, by the way, a Smart Car, often criticized as being unsafe on busy streets and highways, especially high-speed interstates, suddenly becomes a much safer proposition for roads occupied by larger vehicles. Drive longer, go farther, drive safer, live longer. Hydrogen Issues Solved Ingeniously Copyright ©2008 TETRADYN, LLC 10

11. 11 SMARTS With THERA, we can make the “Smart Car” Smart. I mean, we can make it Really, Really INTELLIGENT. This is where we take everything in Nomad Eyes and CEBIT technology and put it into the car in TWO IMPORTANT WAYS. (1) For performance optimization of the hybrid power and drive systems, so that it runs smoother, more efficiently, and for a longer and safer life. (2) For intelligent communication functions that pertain to not only the vehicle and its performance but for all sorts of things that matter to the driver and passengers. THERA-Brains Copyright ©2008 TETRADYN, LLC 11

12. 12 SMARTS Part of the I-TRANS technology links the THERA vehicle as a node in an open-ended network (web) with almost limitless other devices. Not only sensors and actuators inside the car, some being for actual driving and safety, others for comforts and “cosmetics”, but also with other vehicles in the real-time highway system, and with services and functions that are at the home, office, school, or general environment. (1) The next generation in GPS (2) The next generation in personalized safety, health, environmental and homeland security (3) The next generation in web-based communications and commerce (4) The hub of a person’s phone, internet and media services – and this could also be the main hub for their home services for the same THERA Cybernetics and Communications Copyright ©2008 TETRADYN, LLC 12

13. 13 @ Road or @ Home People need to be mobile, they need to be adaptable, they need to simplify their lives in terms of Everything. Not only to be “Green” in life, but because the New Economy dictates things this way, and people want to have New and Better that is also not only cheaper but will help them to save and manage their money and resources better. The personal car can do it. A THERA “Smart” Car. REVERSE your thinking processes, Get Out Of The Box, and look at thingsa a little differently  THERA The Car becomes the Hub for many Functions Copyright ©2008 TETRADYN, LLC 13

14. 14 @ Road or @ Home People use their cars when they do almost anything outside the home. They take tons of gadgets with them because they want them and they are not built-in to the car. They leave a lot of functions at home. They duplicate a lot for the home when they could have it in their cars. The car can become the main computer brains for the typical household. THERA can manage a home’s energy system or information or media system as well as a ton of gadgets inside the house, and probably better since it will all be integrated. People may need to go places in a hurry, because of the increasingly dynamic and unpredictable nature of our society, environment and life in general. Better if the car is fully loaded and ready for action. So think of some of these capabilities and how they will attract buyers of THERA technology-enabled vehicles  THERA Your Car becomes the Hub for Energy and Information Copyright ©2008 TETRADYN, LLC 14

15. 15 @ Road or @ Home Your car IS your cell phone. And your laptop. And your personal server. It is all in a set of components that are used in the car anyhow and have extra available compute-power. Add a bit of RAM and FLASH and Disk and you have something that becomes the Main Brain for most people’s needs. You upload and update your actual cell phone from your Car, because you are going off-vehicle with it. The same for your home computer. Everything is wireless, everything is seamless and requires “zippo” of special learning or attention by the user. You can up/down-load videos, music, any kind of media from your home and other devices into your car. Energy and Fuel. It’s not only about how to fuel up or charge your car. That’s looking at things from only one perspective, one direction. Your car can be the backup power source for what you need at home when there are shortages, brown-outs, black-outs – expect them to be more and more! THERA Intelligent Energy and Information Power in your Car Copyright ©2008 TETRADYN, LLC 15

16. 16 @ Road or @ Home The tie-in with Nomad Eyes (CyberSense) Examples: As you drive, SmartAds organize themselves and are available upon demand according to Context of Your Interest and your Location (GPS) Where to find X goods or services, and at the best offer, price, deal! You need “lite” emergency health services for poison ivy or a child with a temperature? Your car kit has a thermometer that plugs into your GPS and lets you contact a Patient First and also auto-upload to them your basic information. You are asleep and concerned about the safety of your home and yard? Instead of old-fashioned car alarms protecting only the car, now your car’s sensors and camera help protect your home. Everything gets Integrated, everything is smart-inside, and it’s all run not by big Brother but by You. THERA Shopper’s Assistant, Security Guard, and More Copyright ©2008 TETRADYN, LLC 16

17. 17 THERA + I-TRANS The tie-in with I-TRANS I-TRANS is futuristic but not so far off. You have the right-sized car, and it is Very Smart Inside. You drive to the New Rail Station. In advance, the rail system has you pre-ticketed and there is a schedule you know, and the train knows, in advance. You drive right into the right car. Locks click, you’re set, you’re off to the lounge or seats. Off you go down the track. Reaching your destination, your rail car is shunted off, you exit, you get in your car, you drive away. Save time, save money, relax, be safer, take a nap, eat lunch, whatever. This is a 21 st century way to travel that will take off when the right investors agree that Martin knew what he was writing about as a kid in school. THERA takes a train ride and lets you relax for the long-distance I-Trans ™ Copyright ©2008 TETRADYN, LLC 17

18. 18 THERA – Hydrogen storage elements and operation Initially, the fuel cells and all engine elements are going to be used with little modification or redesign. We have a choice, and we will use 3 rd party fuel cells and motors. Our objective in Phase 1 is to demonstrate the control and performance optimization, and the full integration, for a multi-source, multi-fuel hybrid system. In land/earth vehicles, the role of using hydrogen is as fuel for fuel cells and as an additive to an auxiliary hybrid combustion engine. We need to show the incorporation of the storage cylinders into the frame and body. The next few sketches illustrate what we need to have in AutoCAD and then to incorporate into some Flash media. We need the latter ASAP for convincing reviewers, investors, others to get onboard with support. First are several images of automotive frames. We need to develop drawings that are (can be transformed into) similar styles. What is critical is that we want to show the fuel storage cylinders, also illustrated here, being incorporated into the framing, and constituting the framing, not as add-on, but as replacement of tubing and solid elements. Copyright ©2008 TETRADYN, LLC

19. 19 THERA Copyright ©2008 TETRADYN, LLC This is a good style to illustrate our points. It comes from Honda. When we have our THERA frame model finished, we shown text boxes that point out the significant plusses in our design. The green circular/elliptical regions indicate in this drawing and others where the hydrogen cylinders can replace elements of the frame, as further shown in subsequent slides. The orange regions indicate specifically those locations where the cylinders, housed in shock-absorber sleeves/jackets, will offer additional crash absorption not found in existing frames.

20. 20 THERA Copyright ©2008 TETRADYN, LLC Another frame model, to illustrate the same points further. The green circular/elliptical regions indicate in this drawing and others where the hydrogen cylinders can replace elements of the frame, as further shown in subsequent slides. The orange regions indicate specifically those locations where the cylinders, housed in shock-absorber sleeves/jackets, will offer additional crash absorption not found in existing frames.

21. 21 THERA Copyright ©2008 TETRADYN, LLC The green circular/elliptical regions indicate in this drawing and others where the hydrogen cylinders can replace elements of the frame, as further shown in subsequent slides. The orange regions indicate specifically those locations where the cylinders, housed in shock-absorber sleeves/jackets, will offer additional crash absorption not found in existing frames. Another frame model (Ford Explorer), to illustrate the same points further.

22. 22 THERA Copyright ©2008 TETRADYN, LLC Two more types of frame model styles that could be useful along with or in place of other types (Audi and an individual design). A tube design is in general preferred because it lends itself so well to the incorporation of the hydrogen storage cylinders.

23. 23 THERA Copyright ©2008 TETRADYN, LLC The presently preferred hydrogen storage cylinders – current styles. These will need to be modifed in the following ways: Cylinder structural modifications and improvements (A) curvature to fit the geometry of frames, to adapt to bends (B) extension in length (C) increasing wall thickness to provide greater strength (D) lamination with carbon fibre (composite) layers for increasing strength and also Add-on units (A) screw-on sleeves enabling the end-to-end joining of cylinder units (following the “K-Nex” model of construction) (B) additional ports and valves for charging (fueling) and discharging (flow to the fuel system)

24. 24 THERA Copyright ©2008 TETRADYN, LLC Examples of the modifications: Cylinder structural modifications and improvements (A) curvature to fit the geometry of frames, to adapt to bends (B) extension in length (C) increasing wall thickness to provide greater strength (D) lamination with carbon fibre (composite) layers for increasing strength and also Add-on units (E) screw-on sleeves enabling the end-to-end joining of cylinder units (following the “K-Nex” model of construction) (F) additional ports and valves for charging (fueling) and discharging (flow to the fuel system) Sleeve for joining, this version showing an outlet for gas lines feeding through to one or more of the component cylinders Note that the geometry of the cylinder is constrained in terms of max. length, diameter and curvature, by reason of the charging/discharging performance. This in turn influences how cylinders can be configured into the frame, and that in turn influences where there must be ports connected to gas lines to the charging inlet or to the fuel cells.

25. 25 THERA Copyright ©2008 TETRADYN, LLC More on the examples of the modifications: Cylinder structural modifications and improvements (A) curvature to fit the geometry of frames, to adapt to bends (B) extension in length (C) increasing wall thickness to provide greater strength (D) lamination with carbon fibre (composite) layers for increasing strength Interior of storage cylinder (with metal htdride, containing hydrogen) Main (interior) cylinder steel layer Graphite composite layer Outer steel, alloy, or alternate composite layer

26. 26 THERA Copyright ©2008 TETRADYN, LLC More on the examples of the modifications: Cylinder structural modifications and improvements (A) curvature to fit the geometry of frames, to adapt to bends (B) extension in length (C) increasing wall thickness to provide greater strength (D) lamination with carbon fibre (composite) layers for increasing strength

27. 27 THERA Copyright ©2008 TETRADYN, LLC Basic Operations of the of the Hydrogen-Fuel Cell components in THERA. Note: this only shows the hydrogen and fuel cell apparatus, and nothing is here on the hybrid external or internal combustion engine or the photovoltaics.

28. 28 THERA Copyright ©2008 TETRADYN, LLC Basic Operation of the Hydrogen Storage component used in THERA showing how charging and discharging functions.

29. 29 THERA – Further comments on the Hydrogen Storage Components and CAD Tasks We need the following types of drawings, both for engineering and for visualization: (I)Units that replace sections of the frame and that supplement the frame in key areas (front and rear) for providing crash safety through storage (II)Placement of motors, drive train, fuel cells, batteries and other standard components (III)Dynamic Flash-style graphics that illustrate different phases of power generation, fuel flow, and trade-off/balancing between the power-gen and motor-drive components (e.g., animations of fittings like on slide 24, bendings as on slide 25, and the processes on slides 26-27) (IV)Fitting of hydrogen storage cylinders into sleeves/jackets for lengthwise extension in frame subassemblies (V)Hydrogen lines to storage units from an external charging port and to the fuel cell and the hybrid’s hydrogen fuel delivery device (FDD) (VI)Cars in motion, in the process of being fueled, and others that add flavor and draw viewers Most of all we need drawings to help people visualize the use of the hydrogen storage devices and the fuel cells, Distributed in the FRAME and BODY of the vehicle, saving space, balancing weight, and providing safety. Copyright ©2008 TETRADYN, LLC

30. 30 THERA – Hybrid engine-generator components Remember that in THERA systems: (I)Hydrogen is used to power fuel cells which is turn run electric motors and provide charging into auxiliary batteries, AND Hydrogen is also used to provide an additive to other fuels (petrol-based or synthetic fuels) that are used to run either of two types of combustion engines (external or internal), each of which may be in a given vehicle employed to either (XOR) generate electricity for electric motors (supplementing the fuel cells) and to recharge the auxiliary batteries [the GEN function], or (XOR) provide direct mechanical drive power [the DRIVE function]. (II)There are two choices: external (XC) and internal (IntC) combustion. The XC is based upon the TORNADO engine, a TETRADYN modification of the Cyclone engine, described elsewhere. XC is preferred, not only because of the Tornado and the Cyclone basis, but XC may not be suitable for all purposes. XC is best for GEN, and for limited DRIVE, particularly where very fast startup, or rapid acceleration, is not so important, as it may be for most passenger cars and trucks. IntC is best for the latter. It is the classic trade-off between EX and IntC. Both XC and IntC can use Hydrogen as a fuel supplement. Both XC and intC can be employed for GEN or for DRIVE. It is possible that a further modification can enable either an XC or IntC to serve, in one vehicle, through a simple transmission mechanism, for GEN or DRIVE or both simultaneously. Copyright ©2008 TETRADYN, LLC

31. 31 THERA – Tornado engine-generator (XC) These are a few images of the Tornado prototype (Cyclone basis). Copyright ©2008 TETRADYN, LLC The engine can sit almost anywhere in a vehicle as a dedicated GEN function, but it obviously is constrained in location if it is providing DRIVE power.

32. 32 THERA – Hydrogen dual function as fuel enhancer Copyright ©2008 TETRADYN, LLC The fuel delivery device (FDD) receives hydrogen from the storage units just as do the fuel cells. Allowance to the FDD is first regulated by the primary THERA controller which determines if and how much hydrogen can be allocated as a fuel additive, taking into consideration fuel cell requirements which are generally considered primary by THERA. The FSCM then regulates the mixture passing from the FDD into the XC or IntC engine.fuel. The FSCM and FDD can sit almost anywhere in a vehicle that are sensible given the location of the engine and the hydrogen outlets.

33. 33 THERA – Solar (photovoltaic) components Copyright ©2008 TETRADYN, LLC THERA systems do not require but aim to include solar power as well as a source of electricity generation for use in the vehicle (real- time) and for charging of batteries. There are two types – Discrete Cells and Thin Layer Films (I)Discrete Cells are conventional Si-based, first-gen technology, and Thin Layer Films include CIGS (Cu-In-Ga selenide), DSC, CdTe, and conductive polymer film architectures. (II)Photovoltaics are for the vehicle surface, as illustrated very artistically (albeit highly futuristically) by Russ Lovegrove’s solar art sculpture, below. Infrared photovoltaics can be applied also to the interior surfaces of a THERA vehicle. (III)Current from the photovoltaics goes into the vehicle “grid”. It is used for electric motors, and for battery recharging, and for other systems, including the optional onboard Hydrogen generation electrolysis plant (next slide). Note that the photovoltaic system, including the interior infrared-voltaic surfaces, add to vehicle comfort by reducing heat buildup on hot days.

34. 34 THERA – Onboard Hydrogen Fuel Generation Copyright ©2008 TETRADYN, LLC A THERA vehicle can, if equipped with an electrolysis generator unit, also produce some of its hydrogen fuel. (I)Water supply plus electrolyzer are compact and relatively low weight. (II)The generator is not intended to produce constantly nor will it produce the majority of the vehicle’s needs for long or extended trips. (III)The generator is powered by the electricity that is produced in real-time and that is stored in the batteries. (IV)The photovoltaics can produce a viable current to run the electrolyzer when the vehicle is idle (parked). (V)The electrolysis system and water storage can be compartmentalized and stored in available places in the vehicle including the trunk space and under seating.

35. 35 THERA – Control and Optimization (E-Fusion) Copyright ©2008 TETRADYN, LLC Based upon the ABORINT core technology which employs both nonlinear load-balancing and pattern-recognition algorithms and inverse model methods, plus the CEBIT architecture for MEMS-based sensor, actuator and controller devices. In the first versions of THERA, we are focused upon the software principally. The software is well-developed and the next stage is implementation/integration into a field-testable electromechanical system. What is the essential control process? There are eight parallel and complementary sub-processes for achieving the best combination of fuel efficiency, carbon and other emissions, road performance, driver comfort, safety, refueling minimization, and vehicle component life. (I) Balancing between use of electric and non-electric DRIVE if both are included. (II) Balancing between use of the XC or IntC engine (one or the other in a given vehicle) for GEN or DRIVE functions, if both are options. (III) Balancing between charging of batteries and supply to electric DRIVE functions (electric motors for mechanical drive). (IV) Interaction with driver assistant computer and route planning computer for optimization of driver and route performance. including acceleration, deceleration, braking, coasting. (V) [optional] Balancing of use of electric reserves for hydrogen generation if vehicle is equipped with H-generator (electrolysis unit) onboard. (VI) Regulation and balancing of hydrogen-fuel mixtures for the XC or IntC. (VII) Regulation of temperature controls for hydrogen charging and discharging through the use of electric heater lines. (VIII) Minimization of stress upon engine components. The heart of the main process is a feedback cycle among a set of simple modules: Measure  Collect  Apply Pattern Recognizers  Evaluate Changes  Forecast  Select Modifiers  Apply Changes The principal algorithms employ bayesian, neural, and inverse networks.

36. 36 THERA – Recap Copyright ©2008 TETRADYN, LLC Here, for now, we are skipping some of the drawings pertaining to the control system and the network of sensors, actuators and controllers that are in a THERA vehicle. All that and more will come later. It is mainly a matter of routing cables and fitting small devices that are generally less than3cm x 3cm x 8cm as unit packages, and mostly smaller.

37. 37 THERA – The Car that can power your home Copyright ©2008 TETRADYN, LLC One of the more “radical” benefits that come from a THERA-designed/equipped vehicle is that a personal automobile can, given certain combinations of driver performance, weather, and time, actually produce stored electric power that can be transferred from the car “grid” directly into the home “grid”. Power is generated and stored into batteries even when the vehicle is idle through the use of the photovoltaics. This power then can be fed into the home. While this is not a major feature, it is one big and very visible step beyond any other electric or hybrid vehicle even on the drawing boards.

38. 38 Where things will first go (appear) – as mock-ups, prototypes, and starting demos – before they even “run” – into the E 4 Mod Copyright ©2008 TETRADYN, LLC Note that other TD_prod_app_use_drawings_… files pertain to PodLab*, ASTRIC*, I-Trans*, Tornado and other TETRADYN products or system designs. This file is focused upon THERA. * (including applications of THERA to these products)

39. 39 Copyright ©2008 TETRADYN, LLC

40. 40 * HealthMon units: AntiOx, Hydration, Biopathogen sensors, BioProt paper testing, Ventilator, BurnProt Copyright ©2008 TETRADYN, LLC THERA CyberSense (Nomad Eyes) I-Trans ASTRIC PodLab ABORINT PodLab Equipment & Instruments (ERAD Config)(ELAB Config) Demo Panels SmartShelter HealthMon Station* Demo Panels Equipment & Instruments

41. 41 Contact: Martin @ 757-847-5511 or 202-415-7295, martinjd@tetradyn.com martinjd@tetradyn.com Jay @ 734-915-0495, jpotter@tetradyn.comjpotter@tetradyn.com http://tetradyn.com

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