1. Paul Wishinski VT DEC Presentation for: MARAMA-NESCAUM-OTC Regional Haze Workshop August 2-3, 2000 Gorham, New Hampshire LYE BROOK WILDERNESS CLASS I AREA

2. LYE BROOK WILDERNESS AREA AIR QUALITY ISSUES Located in Green Mountain National Forest is southern VT Regional Haze is a known phenomenon which affects the area. No specific plume blight has been identified as impacting the area Acidic deposition of sulfur and nitrogen have affected surface waters in the area. Ozone and other air pollutant damage to vegetation has been observed. VT Air Division has worked with National Forest Service to prevent significant deterioration of air quality in Lye Brook since 1982. In 1982 Vermont Regulations extended “major source” review procedures to any source which could be projected to impact Lye Brook. In 1987 Vermont adopted visibility protection rules applicable not only to Lye Brook, but to all areas of the state at elevations greater than 2500 feet above MSL. Vermont also adopted secondary ambient standards for Sulfate applicable in these areas to address visibility related issues and acidic deposition: 2 ug/m3 Max24hr & Summer Seasonal. Source Significant Impact Level for SO4 = 2 ug/m3 Max24hr, = 0.2 ug/m3 Seasonal

3. CLASS I AREA IMPROVE MONITORS : RED NEPART FINE PARTICLE MONITORS: YELLOW PM2.5 Monitors in the vicinity of the Lye Brook Wilderness

4. LYE BROOK Terrain plays an important role in determining the ambient air impacts which may result from emissions sources both in VT and sources more distant whose tall stack emissions are transported at upper air levels before intercepting locations in the mountainous terrain. MOUNTAINS

5. Anthropogenic Sources of Haze Producing air contaminants affecting Lye Brook Wilderness n SO2 & NOX -----> SO4 & NO3 (gases) (particles) n + AMMONIA -----> NH4 n Point Sources (SO2, NOX) n Mobile Sources (NOX, PM2.5) n Area Sources (SO2, NOX, PM2.5)

6. Local VT Pt Sources of Haze-Producing air contaminants Sources with SO2 > 10 tons/yr 1990 Annual Emissions SO2= 2420 Tons NOX=1214 Tons

7. n Point Sources n Mobile Sources n Area Sources Regional SO2 Pt Sources of Haze-Producing air contaminants

8. n Point Sources n Mobile Sources n Area Sources Regional NOX Pt Sources of Haze-Producing air contaminants

9. MAJOR RURAL ROADS IN VERMONT

10. DETAIL OF ROAD LINKS & 1Km emissions grid IN SOUTHERN VT BENNINGTON & WINDHAM COUNTIES Bennington Vt Manchester Vt Brattleboro Vt 2500 Foot Contours

11. Paul Wishinski VT DEC Presentation for: MARAMA-NESCAUM-OTC Regional Haze Workshop August 2-3, 2000 Gorham, New Hampshire LYE BROOK WILDERNESS CLASS I AREA

12. PAST AND CURRENT MODELING ACTIVITY VT AIR POLLUTION CONTROL DIVISION MESOPUFF Regional Model CALPUFF Regional Model RAMS Meteorological Model

13. Vermont has been interested in Regional-Haze issues since early 1980’s n 1982 Adoption of PSD rules n 1987 Regional Haze SIP n 1990-1996 Mesopuff-II modeling studies n Current effort to develop spatial and temporal wind-field archive for more detailed regional modeling

14. PROPOSED ADOPTED MARCH 1986

16. SULFATE MEASUREMENTS DURING 1989 RELATIVE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN EASTERN & WESTERN U.S.

17. SULFATE MEASUREMENTS NEPART/IMPROVE 1989

19. Locations of MET data used in MESOPUFF II modeling runs for 1989 SURFACE MET SITES USED

20. REGIONAL SO2 & NOX AREA SOURCES 24-HR AVE PM2.5 IMPACTS @ 12 Receptors: JULY 2 to JULY 6 1989 Mobile & Area Srcs in 14 states of NE Region in the MESOPUFF domain. Reconstructed PM fine mass from the model predicted SO4 and NO3 concentrations. Emissions assumed from center of each county in the domain. Emissions based on 1990 baseyear inventories submitted to EPA.

21. 37 LARGE REGIONAL SO2 SOURCES 24-HR AVE SO4 IMPACT PERIOD: JULY 1 to JULY 21 1989

22. COMPARISON OF PMfine MEASURED vs MODELED SO4

24. 6 LARGE REGIONAL SO2 SRCS JULY 2 - 28 1989 RUNNING 24-HR SO2 AVE

25. 21 LARGEST VT SO2 SRCS JULY 3 - 21 1989 RUNNING 24-HR SO2 AVE

26. 6 LARGE REGIONAL SO2 SOURCES PM2.5 Derived from SO4 & NO3 24-HR RUNNING AVE

27. 217 LARGE REGIONAL NOX SOURCES Total Dry Deposition of Sulfur 24-HR RUNNING AVE

28. RAMS (Regional Atmospheric Modeling System) Cooperative Project with NOAA/ARL Creating an archive of SUMMER 1999 MET fields over Northeast U.S. Surface wind fields and temperature fields are being compared to 60+ ASOS measurement sites in the domain. 22 upper levels and surface fields for more than 20 meteorological variables, @ 9km grid resolution over NE and @ 3km grid resolution over VT/NH.

29. COMPARISON BETWEEN 10 Meter & 2192 Meter WINDS Surface Winds: RED 10 meters Level 13 Winds: BLUE 2192 meters