1. Chap 7 – Skeletal System Part III *Learning Objectives continued Today: Upper limbs Pelvic girdle Lower limbs Homework: Finish reading Chap 7. Study all notes & diagrams from the entire chapter. Complete all questions in textbook.

2. CSI – Can You Name The Bone? This bone was found in someone’s backyard accidentally (by their dog) and determined to be of human origin. It is approx. 12” in length with a small ball- in-socket type head on the proximal epiphysis. The distal epiphysis (epiphysis = end of the bone) is broad. What bone do you believe this to be? distal proximal

3. CSI: Radius or Ulna? In a disarticulated skeleton, it can be challenging to differentiate the radius from the ulna. Can you tell them apart? 1 2 Ulna is slightly longer than the radius; thin at the head (proximal end) & broad at the distal end Radius is just the opposite…broad at head (proximal end) & thin at the distal end.

4. Exploring the Bone of the Upper Limbs, pg 146 Instructions: Work individually. How many bones form the arm? How many individual bones can you actually count/ identify? Write the number down here next to this slide. You may use page 146 in your textbook for assistance.

5. Metacarpals, pg 147 Five numbered (1-5) metacarpal bones radiate from the _____ to form the _____. –Their bases articulate with the carpals proximally, and with each other medially and laterally –Heads articulate with the phalanges

6. Phalanges, pg 147 Each hand contains __ miniature long bones called phalanges Fingers (digits) are numbered 1-5, beginning with the thumb (pollex) Each finger (except the thumb) has three phalanges – distal, middle, and proximal The thumb has no middle _________

7. Bones of the Hand & Wrist, pg 147 Label your practice diagram (all parts). Helpful tips to remember carpals: “Sally Left The Party To Take Cathy Home” Word meanings: Scaphoid – boat- shaped Lunate – moon shaped Triquetral – triangular Pisiform – pea shaped Capitate – head shaped Hamate - hooked

8. Lower Body: Pelvic (Hip) Girdle The hip is formed by a pair of hip bones (os coxae, or coxal) Together with the ______ and the______, these bones form the bony pelvis There are numerous important bone markings on the pelvis (lets look at some…)

9. Pelvic Girdle & Bone Markings, pg 150 Label your practice diagram with the following: ilium ischium Base of Sacrum Iliac crest acetabulum pubis pubic symphysis (cartilage) sacrum coccyx Obturator foramen

10. CSI: Comparison of Male and Female Pelvic Regions Female pelvis - Tilted forward, adapted for childbearing - True pelvis defines birth canal - Cavity of the true pelvis is broad, shallow, and has greater capacity Male pelvis - Tilted less forward - Adapted for support of heavier male build and stronger muscles - Cavity of true pelvis is narrow and deep

11. CharacteristicFemaleMale Bone thickness Pubic arch/angle 80˚–90˚50˚–60˚ AcetabulaSmall; farther apartLarge; closer together Sacrum Coccyx Comparison of Male and Female Pelvic Structure More movable; straighter Less movable; curves ventrally http://ect.downstate.edu/courseware/haonline/labs/l44/os0102.htm

12. Review (Thus Far) Instructions: Write your answers next to this slide in your notes. Be prepared to discuss orally if called upon. (Know for test!) 1.Distinguish the ileum from the ischium. 2.Explain at least 3 ways to determine if pelvic skeletal remains are male or female. 3.List and briefly describe the 8 bones of the wrist. 4.Explain all the ways you know to differentiate the radius from the ulna.

13. Femur Largest, ______, and _______ bone in the body. Has large ball like _____ that _______ into an area called the acetabulum (area where femur is secured into hip) Numerous important bone markings articulates

14. Femur with Bone Markings Label red circled structures only. Label now & memorize markings.

15. Lower Limbs Q - Which one is the tibia? a b

16. Getting to Know the Bones of the Foot Instructions: Match up the letter of the correct answer for each item. Write your answers next to this slide. Refer to pages 153 if needed to complete this exercise. 1.Great toe 2.No. of phalanges 3.No. of tarsal bones 4.Heel bone 5.No. of bones in the metatarsal area 6.Ankle a.7 b.5 c.Tallus d.14 e.Hallux f.calcaneus

17. Bones of the Foot, pg 153 Label your practice diagram now. Label only red circled structures.