INTRODUCTION & LESSON ONE

INTRODUCTION & LESSON ONE
Latin Morpheme Lessons, Alene H. Harris, Ph.D. © 2010.

You ask, “Is it a REAL word?” It is if enough people use it.
Latin Morphemes Introduction In the English language, big words are often made up of small word parts, called morphemes, that come from other languages – especially Latin. You probably have some of this morpheme knowledge “asleep” in your brain – all you need to do is “wake it up.” When you know – or remember – the meanings of these small word parts, you can unlock the meaning of some real jawbreakers. For example, take the word ebenloquious You think you have no idea what it means – and are not sure if being called this is a compliment or an insult. But once you know/remember the following, you can figure it out. E- = (You know that “to elongate” is to make very long...) very So -- full of very good speech BEN = (You know that if something is beneficial, it is good for you…) good LOQU = (This one may be new to you…) speak -OUS = (You know “famous” is full of fame, “gracious” is full of grace…) full of You ask, “Is it a REAL word?” It is if enough people use it. Latin Morpheme Lessons, Alene H. Harris, Ph.D. © 2010.

prefix- + root(s) + -suffix
Latin Morphemes Introduction Some morphemes are “place bound” – that is, some are prefixes and always come at the beginning of a word (for example the morpheme “pre-”) and others are suffixes and always come at the end (for example the morpheme “-ous”). Still others, known as roots, can come anywhere in a word, and these can have prefixes and suffixes attached to them. prefix- + root(s) + -suffix NOTE: In figuring out the meaning of a word, IF it has a suffix, start by saying the suffix meaning and then go back to the beginning and work down. (speaking) E- = very If there is no suffix, start with the first root – e.g., ebenloqu would be very good speaking. BEN = good LOQU = speak -OUS= full of Latin Morpheme Lessons, Alene H. Harris, Ph.D. © 2010.

prefix- + root(s) + -suffix
Latin Morphemes Introduction Some morphemes are “place bound” – that is, some are prefixes and always come at the beginning of a word (for example the morpheme “pre-”) and others are suffixes and always come at the end (for example the morpheme “-ous”). Still others, known as roots, can come anywhere in a word, and these can have prefixes and suffixes attached to them. prefix- + root(s) + -suffix In each lesson, you’ll start by taking notes on some Latin roots, then add prefixes and suffixes. Turn to page 4 in your Student Book and prepare to take notes on Latin Morphemes Lesson 1 Notes. Latin Morpheme Lessons, Alene H. Harris, Ph.D. © 2010.

speak; proclaim; set apart
Latin Morphemes – Lesson One – Notes Part One: NOTES - Figuring out what you already know... Our first Latin root in Lesson One is a morpheme that has two forms: DICT, DICAT. On page 4 of your Student Book, write the morpheme meanings. Roots 1. dict; dicat = speak; proclaim; set apart Now think -- what words do you already know that have DICT or DICAT in them? DICTATION or DICTATOR or DEDICATE Chances are you probably thought of the word What do these words have in common? Speaking words for someone to write down; a person who tells everyone else what to do; to set something apart for a special use... So DICT and DICAT means... Latin Morpheme Lessons, Alene H. Harris, Ph.D. © 2010.

lead Latin Morphemes – Lesson One – Notes
Part One: NOTES - Figuring out what you already know... Our next Latin root in Lesson One is the morpheme DUC. Roots dict; dicat = speak; proclaim; set apart duc = lead Now think -- what words do you already know that have DUC in them? INTRODUCE or tear DUCT or INDUCE. Chances are you probably thought of the words What do these words have in common? To bring something/someone new into a setting, a tube through which tears travel, to persuade... So DUC means... Latin Morpheme Lessons, Alene H. Harris, Ph.D. © 2010.

equal; fair Latin Morphemes – Lesson One – Notes
Part One: NOTES - Figuring out what you already know... Our next Latin root in Lesson One is the morpheme EQU. Roots dict; dicat = speak; proclaim; set apart duc = lead equ = Now think -- what words do you already know with EQU in them? equal; fair EQUAL EQUATION EQUATOR EQUALITY What do these words have in common? So EQU means... Divides the earth into two equal halves Latin Morpheme Lessons, Alene H. Harris, Ph.D. © 2010.

chatter; talk Latin Morphemes – Lesson One – Notes
Part One: NOTES - Figuring out what you already know... Our next Latin root is GARRUL. Roots dict; dicat = speak; proclaim; set apart duc = lead equ = equal; fair garrul = Perhaps you have heard the word “GARRULOUS”? This one is not so obvious – but a mental trick may help you remember it. chatter; talk The morpheme “garrul” is full of R’s, and a garrulous person RRRRRuns on at the mouth.... And GARRUL means... Latin Morpheme Lessons, Alene H. Harris, Ph.D. © 2010.

do; drive; act Latin Morphemes – Lesson One – Notes
Part One: NOTES - Figuring out what you already know... Our next Latin root has tow forms: IG and AG. Roots dict; dicat = speak; proclaim; set apart duc = lead equ = equal; fair garrul = chatter; talk ig; ag = Here are two IG word you may have heard: BENIGN and MALIGNANT. These are words a doctor uses to give results of a cell biopsy to determine if a growth is cancerous or not, and they literally describe what the cells are doing – how they act. do; drive; act And is something AGITATES you, bothers you to the point that it drives you to do something. And so IG and AG mean... Latin Morpheme Lessons, Alene H. Harris, Ph.D. © 2010.

place Latin Morphemes – Lesson One – Notes
Part One: NOTES - Figuring out what you already know... Our next Latin root is LOCAT. Roots dict; dicat = speak; proclaim; set apart duc = lead equ = equal; fair garrul = chatter; talk ig; ag = do; drive; act locat = What word immediately pops into your mind with LOCAT? LOCATION place And a “location” is a __?__. So LOCAT mean... Latin Morpheme Lessons, Alene H. Harris, Ph.D. © 2010.

speak Latin Morphemes – Lesson One – Notes
Part One: NOTES - Figuring out what you already know... Our next Latin root is LOQU. Roots dict; dicat = speak; proclaim; set apart duc = lead equ = equal; fair garrul = chatter; talk ig; ag = do; drive; act locat = place loqu = Put the letter “e” in front of it, and what word comes to mind? ELOQUENT speak What is “eloquent” used to describe? If you are being “eloquent,” what are you doing? So LOQU means... Latin Morpheme Lessons, Alene H. Harris, Ph.D. © 2010.

Y great; large Latin Morphemes – Lesson One – Notes
Part One: NOTES - Figuring out what you already know... Our next Latin root is MAGN. Roots dict; dicat = speak; proclaim; set apart duc = lead equ = equal; fair garrul = chatter; talk ig; ag = do; drive; act locat = place loqu = speak magn = Now think -- what words do you already know with MAGN in them? Y MAGNIFICIENT MAGNANIMOUS MAGNIFY great; large What do these words have in common? To make larger, an adjective meaning great, to be forgiving and generous in a grand sort of way... So MAGN means... Latin Morpheme Lessons, Alene H. Harris, Ph.D. © 2010.

alone; only Latin Morphemes – Lesson One – Notes
Part One: NOTES - Figuring out what you already know... Our next Latin root is SOLI. Roots dict; dicat = speak; proclaim; set apart duc = lead equ = equal; fair garrul = chatter; talk ig; ag = do; drive; act locat = place loqu = speak magn = great; large soli = Now think -- what card game do you know with SOLI in the name? SOLITAIRE And how do you play solitaire? You play it alone – there is only you with the cards. alone; only So SOLI means... Latin Morpheme Lessons, Alene H. Harris, Ph.D. © 2010.

voice; call Latin Morphemes – Lesson One – Notes
Part One: NOTES - Figuring out what you already know... Our last Latin root is VOC. Roots dict; dicat = speak; proclaim; set apart duc = lead equ = equal; fair garrul = chatter; talk ig; ag = do; drive; act locat = place loqu = speak magn = great; large soli = alone; only voc = Now think -- what words do you know with VOC in them? VOCABULARY VOCATION VOCAL What do these words have in common? Spoken, words you know, a job that is your special calling... voice; call So VOC means... Latin Morpheme Lessons, Alene H. Harris, Ph.D. © 2010.

Latin Morphemes – Lesson One – Notes
Part One: NOTES - Figuring out what you already know... Now we have the set of Latin roots for Lesson One. Roots dict; dicat = speak; proclaim; set apart duc = lead equ = equal; fair garrul = chatter; talk ig; ag = do; drive; act locat = place loqu = speak magn = great; large soli = alone; only voc = voice; call Next we go to prefixes. Prefixes 11. Latin Morpheme Lessons, Alene H. Harris, Ph.D. © 2010.

good Latin Morphemes – Lesson One – Notes
Part One: NOTES - Figuring out what you already know... Now we are ready to take notes on a set of prefixes. As you write each one, add a dash after the prefix to remind you that this is where you add roots – following the prefix. The first Latin prefix in Lesson One is the morpheme BEN–. 10. voc = voice; call Prefixes 11. ben– = Now think -- what words do you already know that have the prefix BEN– in them? good BENEDICTION BENIGN BENEFIT What do the three words have in common? A verb meaning to do good for, a blessing, and harmless... So BEN- means... Latin Morpheme Lessons, Alene H. Harris, Ph.D. © 2010.

down; from; away; very Latin Morphemes – Lesson One – Notes
Part One: NOTES - Figuring out what you already know... Our next Latin prefix is DE–. 10. voc = voice; call Prefixes ben– = good de– = This one has several related meanings. Again, what words do you know... down; from; away; very What do these words have in common? To go down or become less, to take away from, to reduce or scale down, something that reduces nasal swelling... DEDUCT DECLINE DECONGESTANT DE-ESCALATE DE– means... Latin Morpheme Lessons, Alene H. Harris, Ph.D. © 2010.

in; not Latin Morphemes – Lesson One – Notes
Part One: NOTES - Figuring out what you already know... Our next Latin prefix has two forms of IN– and IM– . 10. voc = voice; call Prefixes ben– = good de– = down; from; away; very in–; im– = This one has two very different meanings. You just have to figure out which meaning to use. Again, what words do you know... in; not INAPPROPRIATE INDIVIDUAL INCONSISTENT IMPOSSIBLE ENCLOSE INCRIMINATE INSPIRE IMPLICATE The italicized words have one of the meanings and the plain words have the other meaning. To breathe in, to close in, to show someone is involved in a wrongdoing ... Not consistent, not appropriate, not divided. The prefixes IN–, IM–, and EN– mean... Latin Morpheme Lessons, Alene H. Harris, Ph.D. © 2010.

within Latin Morphemes – Lesson One – Notes
Part One: NOTES - Figuring out what you already know... Our next Latin prefix has two forms of INTRO– and INTRA–. 10. voc = voice; call Prefixes ben– = good de– = down; from; away; very in–; im– = in; not intro–; intra– = What words do you know with the prefixes INTRO– or INTRA–? INTRAMURAL INTRODUCE within What do these words have in common? To present or lead within, games played literally within the walls of a single school... The prefixes INTRO– and INTRA-– mean... Latin Morpheme Lessons, Alene H. Harris, Ph.D. © 2010.

bad; ill Latin Morphemes – Lesson One – Notes
Part One: NOTES - Figuring out what you already know... The next Latin prefix is MAL–. 10. voc = voice; call Prefixes ben– = good de– = down; from; away; very in–; im– = in; not intro–; intra– = within mal– = What words do you know with MAL– at the beginning? MALIGNANT MALICIOUS MALADJUSTED bad; ill What do these words have in common? Badly adjusted, ill will, with evil intent... The prefix MAL– means... Latin Morpheme Lessons, Alene H. Harris, Ph.D. © 2010.

before Latin Morphemes – Lesson One – Notes
Part One: NOTES - Figuring out what you already know... The last Latin prefix in this lesson has two forms: PRE– and PRO–. 10. voc = voice; call Prefixes ben– = good de– = down; from; away; very in–; im– = in; not intro–; intra– = within mal– = bad; ill pre–; pro– = What words do you know with PRE– or PRO– as a prefix? PREJUDICE PREHISTORIC PREDICT PROGRESS PROJECT PROGRAM What do these words have in common? before To say something will happen before it does, to judge before you have the facts, the period of time before history was recorded, the paper you get before the play begins...? The prefixes PRE– and PRO– mean... Latin Morpheme Lessons, Alene H. Harris, Ph.D. © 2010.

Part One: NOTES - Figuring out what you already know... Now we have the set of Latin prefixes for Lesson One. 10. voc = voice; call Prefixes ben– = good de– = down; from; away; very in–; im– = in; not intro–; intra– = within mal– = bad; ill pre–; pro– = before Next we go to suffixes. Suffixes 17. Latin Morpheme Lessons, Alene H. Harris, Ph.D. © 2010.

relating to (adjective)
Latin Morphemes – Lesson One – Notes Part One: NOTES - Figuring out what you already know... Now we are ready to take notes on a set of suffixes. As you write each one, add a dash before the suffix to remind you that this is where you add roots – in front of the suffix. The first Latin suffix in Lesson One is the morpheme –AL. HISTORICAL PREHISTORIC VOCAL 16. pre–; pro– = before Suffixes 17. –al = relating to (adjective) Many English words end in the letters –AL, and when they do they are modifiers that relate to something. So –AL at the end of a word... Latin Morpheme Lessons, Alene H. Harris, Ph.D. © 2010.

do; make; cause (verb) Latin Morphemes – Lesson One – Notes
Part One: NOTES - Figuring out what you already know... The next Latin suffix is the morpheme –ATE. 16. pre–; pro– = before Suffixes 17. –al = relating to (adj.) 18. –ate = What words come to mind that have –ATE at the end? LOCATE CELEBRATE EDUCATE EVAPORATE INTIMIDATE LIBERATE do; make; cause (verb) Each of these words are things that you __?__. So –ATE at the end of a word means... Latin Morpheme Lessons, Alene H. Harris, Ph.D. © 2010.

condition; quality; act (noun)
Latin Morphemes – Lesson One – Notes Part One: NOTES - Figuring out what you already know... The next Latin suffix is the morpheme –ENCE. 16 pre–; pro– = before Suffixes 17. –al = relating to (adj.) 18. –ate = do; make; cause (v.) 19. –ence = What words come to mind that have –ENCE at the end? EXCELLENCE COHERENCE DIFFERENCE condition; quality; act (noun) So –ENCE at the end of a word indicates the name of something – a noun that names a ... Latin Morpheme Lessons, Alene H. Harris, Ph.D. © 2010.

Latin Morphemes – Lesson One – Notes Part One: NOTES - Figuring out what you already know... The next Latin suffix is the morpheme –ION. 16. pre–; pro– = before Suffixes 17. –al = relating to (adj.) 18. –ate = do; make; cause (v.) 19. –ence = condition; quality; act (n.) 20. –ion = What words come to mind that have –ION at the end? INFECTION CONNECTION ACTION condition; quality; act (noun) So –ION at the end of a word indicates the name of something – a noun that names a ... Latin Morpheme Lessons, Alene H. Harris, Ph.D. © 2010.

Latin Morphemes – Lesson One – Notes Part One: NOTES - Figuring out what you already know... The next Latin suffix is the morpheme –ITY. 16. pre–; pro– = before Suffixes 17. –al = relating to (adj.) 18. –ate = do; make; cause (v.) 19. –ence = condition; quality; act (n.) 20. –ion = condition; quality; act (n.) 21. –ity = What words come to mind that have –ITY at the end? ACTIVITY SINCERITY CHARITY condition; quality; act (noun) So –ITY at the end of a word indicates the name of something – a noun that names a ... Latin Morpheme Lessons, Alene H. Harris, Ph.D. © 2010.

full of (adjective) Latin Morphemes – Lesson One – Notes
Part One: NOTES - Figuring out what you already know... The last Latin suffix has two forms: –OUS and –OSE. 16. pre–; pro– = before Suffixes 17. –al = relating to (adj.) 18. –ate = do; make; cause (v.) 19. –ence = condition; quality; act (adj.) 20. –ion = condition; quality; act (n.) 21. –ity = condition; quality; act (n.) 22. –ous; –ose = What words come to mind that have –OUS or –OSE the end? RELIGIOUS MISCELLANEOUS FAMOUS VERBOSE BELLICOSE MOROSE full of (adjective) So –OUS or –OSE at the end of a word indicates a modifier that means ... Latin Morpheme Lessons, Alene H. Harris, Ph.D. © 2010.

Part One: NOTES - Figuring out what you already know... Now we have the set of Latin suffixes for Lesson One. 16. pre–; pro– = before Suffixes 17. –al = relating to (adj.) 18. –ate = do; make; cause (v.) 19. –ence = condition; quality; act (n.) 20. –ion = condition; quality; act (n.) 21. –ity = condition; quality; act (n.) 22. –ous; –ose = full of (adj.) You now have all of the notes for Lesson One (of Twelve). Lesson One is the longest because it is the foundation on which you will build in the coming other eleven Latin Morpheme lessons. When you finish these lessons, your vocabulary and your ability both to figure out and to create words will be MUCH GREATER than when you began! Latin Morpheme Lessons, Alene H. Harris, Ph.D. © 2010.

Latin Morphemes – Lesson One – Words to Work
Part Two: WORDS TO WORK - Applying what you now know... Now you are ready to use your knowledge to decode words. Now you are ready to use your knowledge to decode words. In Lesson One you will find the following words to “work” – that is, to analyze their meanings by (1) identifying the Latin morphemes and meaning(s) in each, (2) synthesizing that knowledge in a possible definition, and (3) comparing your synthesis to a dictionary definition. Words to Work vocal predict dedicate beneficence loquacious locate garrulous equality 9. benediction 10. benign 11. malediction 12. soliloquy 13. equity 14. inequity 15. magniloquence 16. introduce Words to Work These words are on page 4, instructions are on page 5, and space to work your words is on pages 6 and 7. Latin Morpheme Lessons, Alene H. Harris, Ph.D. © 2010.

D.D. = “dictionary definition”
Latin Morphemes – Lesson One – Words to Work Part Two: WORDS TO WORK - Applying what you now know... How to “Work a Word” Let’s begin the first assignment together. On page 6, start by writing the first word... Then beneath it, one per line, identify the morphemes you find in the word. Next, synthesize your knowledge... Finally, compare your knowledge... vocal M.D. = “my definition” voc = voice; call D.D. = “dictionary definition” -al = characteristic of; relating to M.D. = relating to the voice uttered by the voice D.D. = Latin Morpheme Lessons, Alene H. Harris, Ph.D. © 2010.

Part Two: WORDS TO WORK - Applying what you now know... “Working Words” “Working Words” Your first assignment is to work the first 8 words on page 4 in the numbered spaces on page 6 of your book. For each word, compare and see how close you can come with your knowledge to what the all-knowing dictionary has to say... Tomorrow, be prepared to share how you worked your words. DAY 1 HW Latin Morpheme Lessons, Alene H. Harris, Ph.D. © 2010.

Part Two: WORDS TO WORK - Applying what you now know... “Working Words” continued “Working Words” continued Your second assignment is to work the last 8 words on page 4 in the numbered spaces on page 7 of your book. For each word, compare and see how close you can come with your knowledge to what the all-knowing dictionary has to say... Tomorrow, be prepared to share how you worked your words. DAY 2 HW Latin Morpheme Lessons, Alene H. Harris, Ph.D. © 2010.

Latin Morphemes – Lesson One – Context Clues
Part Three: CONTEXT CLUES - Hints for a Reader... Sometimes when we read, we come across a word we’ve never seen before, and we could use a clue to figure it out. There are four main types of clues that often help solve a “mystery word,” and you can use one of these clues to give your reader a hint. The four kinds of context clues are... People said the Red Sox’s bad luck came from a malediction for selling Babe Ruth to the Yankees – their fans wished evil upon the team. 1. Definition in context 2. Synonym He pronounced a malediction, a curse, on the malfunctioning computer. 3. Antonym Instead of the expected words of blessing on the project, her boss gave it a malediction. 4. Examples The angry gardener spoke the malediction to his rival, “May your tomatoes never ripen and your corn be wormy!” DAY 3 Latin Morpheme Lessons, Alene H. Harris, Ph.D. © 2010.

Latin Morphemes – Lesson One – Context Clues
Part Three: CONTEXT CLUES - Hints for a Reader... Step A: Select any 8 of the 16 words you worked and create a context clue sentence with each (on page 9 in your book). Use at least one clue of each of the four types. Your third assignment has two steps: Tomorrow you’ll have the opportunity to read aloud your sentences, saying “blank” for the word you chose, and see if your instructor or another learner can use your clue to identify what word from the Lesson One list belongs in the blank. Step B: Using the roots, prefixes, and suffixes from Lesson One, create and work two new words. In place of the DD, write a context clue sentence (CCS) for your new word (on page 9 in your book). Tomorrow, you’ll have the opportunity to challenge your instructor or another learner with your created words. DAY 3 HW Latin Morpheme Lessons, Alene H. Harris, Ph.D. © 2010.

Latin Morphemes – Lesson One – Pencil & Paper Review
Part Four: REVIEW... Step A: Practice breaking apart the words on the first review sheet (page 10) by drawing braces and writing meanings above each morpheme; then write a possible definition to the side (see the first one for an example). The fourth assignment for Lesson One is a three-step review. Step B: Once you have determined morpheme meanings and a possible definition for each “word,” try matching the “funny definitions” on the second review sheet (page 11) with what you have on the first sheet. Hopefully, you’ll get a laugh or two (or possibly a groan) as you figure them out. Tomorrow, we’ll go over the sheets just before taking a quiz on Latin Morphemes Lesson One. The quiz will have about 8 words for you to work – through the level of My Definition. DAY 4 HW Latin Morpheme Lessons, Alene H. Harris, Ph.D. © 2010.

Latin Morphemes – Lesson One – Pencil & Paper Review
Step C: Make yourself a set of study cards (refer to page 12). Part Four: REVIEW... In the back of your book you will find eighteen sheets of color paper – one for each lesson. To make your study cards, tear out the page for Lesson One, cut it apart on the marked lines, and hole-punch each card in the upper corner as indicated. LESSON ONE Take a card and write your first morpheme on the front of it. dict dicat Now turn that card over so the hole is at the bottom, and write the meaning on the back. speak; proclaim; set apart Set that card aside, and do the same for each of the other morphemes. Now place the card with “Lesson One” written on it on the top of your stack, hook them together with a band or ring, and begin reviewing. If you have a three-ring binder for English materials, hook your cards there for easy access. DAY 4 Latin Morpheme Lessons, Alene H. Harris, Ph.D. © 2010.

Latin Morphemes – Lesson One – Taking the Quiz
Part Five Coming Tomorrow: Demonstrating What You Know... The quiz will have about 8 words for you to work through the MD level. Unless you are told otherwise on a very few words, you do NOT need to memorize a dictionary definition. Most of them will be “real words,” but there may be one or two “created words” as well. There will be one point for identifying each morpheme in the words, and one point for synthesizing your knowledge into a definition. REMEMBER -- If a word has two or more morphemes, and you remember one but not the other, make a PARTIAL DEFINITION for PARTIAL CREDIT. 1. benloquious MD ben- = good Something to do with good speech loqu = speak +1 point 0 point + 2/3 point equals +2 2/3 points out of 4 THURSDAY TEST PREVIEW Latin Morpheme Lessons, Alene H. Harris, Ph.D. © 2010.

INTRODUCTION & LESSON ONE

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