1. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar The Pharmacy Technician FOUNDATIONS AND PRACTICES Chapter 25 The Respiratory System

2. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar The Respiratory System Divided into the upper respiratory tract and the lower respiratory tract The upper respiratory tract consists of: –Nose or nasal cavity –Paranasal sinuses –Pharynx and larynx

3. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar The Respiratory System (cont.) The lower respiratory tract consists of: –Trachea –Two lungs –Two main bronchi

4. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar Figure 25.1 The upper respiratory tract.

5. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar Figure 25.2 The lower respiratory tract.

6. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar Respiration Diaphragm—dome-shaped layer of muscle that lies across bottom of chest cavity Breathing occurs as diaphragm contracts and relaxes Carbon dioxide pushed out of the lungs during relaxation Oxygen pulled into the lungs during contraction

7. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar Figure 25.3 The lungs.

8. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar Structure of Lungs About 10 percent solid tissue Remainder of structure filled with air and blood The functional structure can be divided into two parts: –Conducting airways (bronchi and bronchioles)—tubes lined by cilia and respiratory mucosa –Cartilage—supports and cushions the bronchi

9. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar Common Cold Caused by a viral infection that inflames the membranes in nose and throat Antibiotics will not cure a cold or any other viral infection Treatment is considered symptomatic

10. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar Table 25.1 Comparison of Cold and Flu Symptoms

11. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar Cough May be a symptom of a cold, flu, respiratory problems, or nonrespiratory diseases Most likely begins with an irritation of nerves in the respiratory tract Nonproductive cough treated with cough suppressant Productive cough treated with an expectorant

12. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar Allergies Caused by the immune system reacting to a substance that does not cause disease Treatment may be palliative, with antihistamines and antitussives Treatment may be preventive, with mast cell stabilizers

13. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar Asthma Chronic respiratory disease Characterized by inflammation of airways, tightening of muscles around airways Treatment is palliative with albuterol and other bronchodilators

14. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar Emphysema Chronic destruction of alveoli External exchange interrupted when alveoli become permanently damaged Treatment may be palliative, with stimulant inhalers Treatment may be preventive, with anti- inflammatory corticosteroids

15. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar Rhinitis Inflammation of nasal membranes, and/or runny nose Common component of colds and allergies Treatment is considered symptomatic

16. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar Nasal Congestion Inflamed, stuffy nose Treatment may be palliative, to promote easier breathing Indications for use of decongestants are nasal and bronchial congestion

17. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar Bronchoconstriction Occurs when the smooth muscles encircling the airways or tubes tighten, causing the airways to spasm Treatment may be palliative Treatment may be preventive

18. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Umbrella term for emphysema and chronic bronchitis Characterized by partially blocked bronchi and bronchioles Causes shortness of breath Treatment may be palliative, with bronchodilators Treatment may be preventive, with mast cell stabilizers

19. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar Table 25.2 Comparison of Cough Formula for Nonproductive versus Productive Coughs

20. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar Table 25.2 (continued) Comparison of Cough Formula for Nonproductive versus Productive Coughs

21. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar Table 25.3 Nasal Decongestants

22. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar Table 25.4 Examples of OTC Antihistamines (H-1 Antagonists) Used for Cold and Allergy Symptoms

23. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar Table 25.5 Examples of Prescription Antihistamines (H-1 Antagonists) for Allergy

24. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar Table 25.6 Examples of Prescription Ophthalmic Antihistamines (H-1 Antagonists)

25. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar Table 25.8 Mast Cell Stabilizers

26. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar Table 25.9 Beta-Adrenergic Bronchodilators

27. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar Table 25.9 (continued) Beta-Adrenergic Bronchodilators

28. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar Table 25.10 Various Treatments for Asthma

29. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar Table 25.11 Corticosteroids

30. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar Table 25.11 (continued) Corticosteroids

31. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. The Pharmacy Technician: Foundations and Practices Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, and Jeff Gricar Table 25.12 Mast Cell Stabilizers and Antileukotrienes