Weather 4 days of Notes.

Weather 4 days of Notes

Topic: Water Properties
Objectives: Day 1 of 4 I will know what weather is I will understand humidity I will know the difference between evaporation and condensation I will understand the water cycle

Quickwrite Answer one of the following questions in 2-3 sentences:
Have you ever visited someplace tropical like Texas, Florida or Hawaii? What did the air feel like? Why do you think water droplets form on the outside of a cold beverage?

Weather vs. Climate Weather changes from day to day
One day it may be hot and dry, the next day cold, wet, and stormy Climate is the average weather for a particular region over a long period of time As the saying goes, “Climate is what you expect and weather is what you get”

What is Weather? The state of our atmosphere on a ___to day basis, with respect to _______and precipitation Answer Bank temperature day Liquid Absorbed Phase released

Humidity If you remember, air is made up of 78% Nitrogen & 21% Oxygen
Air also contains a small amount of water vapor = Water Vapor (gas)

Humidity Now lets imagine we are some place tropical like Hawaii
Here the air is more humid In other words there are more water molecules in the air! We say the air is more humid!!!!

Humidity Humidity is a measure of the amount of water vapor in the air
Warmer air can hold more moisture or water vapor It also makes your hair curly!!!!

What is Humidity? A measure of the amount of _____in the air
Warmer air can hold more water vapor Answer Bank decrease surface altitude droplets Water vapor rises condensation

Evaporation Evaporation
Water exists in our atmosphere in a solid, liquid and gas form In order for a liquid like water to become a gas, energy must be absorbed! If enough energy is absorbed, the molecules can escape, and enter the gas phase Gas Gas Evaporation Liquid (energy absorbed) Liquid (energy absorbed)

Condensation Think of Condensation as evaporation in reverse
If warm humid air comes in contact with a cold glass, water droplets form In other words, water has been converted from a gas (in the air) to liquid (on the glass) Clouds form the same way

Condesation Condensation
If water vapor in the air cools, it will turn back into a liquid forming cloud droplets So, Condensation is the process by which water vapor in the air is changed into liquid water Liquid (heat released) Condensation Gas (water vapor)

What is Evaporation and Condensation?
Evaporation is a cooling process by which water is converted from a liquid into a ____ (water vapor) Energy is ____ Condensation is the process by which water vapor in the air is changed back into _____water Energy is released Answer Bank Evaporation gas Continuous Liquid Absorbed Phase

The Water Cycle As water vapor The ocean Water is now rises it cools,
absorbs radiation (heat) from the sun As water vapor rises it cools, and condenses, turning back into A liquid, forming clouds As the Clouds rise higher, they cool, dropping Precipitation (snow, hail, rain) Water is now stored in the atmosphere Stored water on land flows back to the ocean through rivers or groundwater Evaporation Causes water molecules to rise

What is the Water Cycle? The _______movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth through evaporation and condensation Answer Bank Evaporation gas Continuous Liquid Absorbed phase

Summarize: _______ is when water is converted from a liquid into a gas
As humid air rises, it cools and _____ forming clouds Clouds and fog are made of water droplets that form as a result of ______ If you live in Hawaii, the air is more _______ because there is more _____ ____in the air Answer Bank Humid condenses Water cycle Weather Condensation Water vapor

Topic: Dew Point and Clouds
Objectives: Day 2 of 4 I will know what the dew point is I will know what a cloud is and how we classify them I will know how condensation Nuclei provide the seed for water droplets to form

What kinds of shapes do clouds have? Why do we always get fog in the morning? What do you think clouds are made of?

Dew Point Remember, humidity is the amount of water vapor in the air
When warm, saturated, humid air comes in contact with cooler surfaces, dew forms as a result of condensation Features such as grass, leaves, and spider webs often contain dew

At the dew point temperature
At night, the temperature drops Sometimes the temperature will fall below the dew point temperature If this happens, you might wake up to dew on your grass or fog At the dew point temperature Fog, clouds or dew form

What is the Dew Point? The temperature air needs to cool for _______to begin If the temperature is _____then Dew Pt., then clouds, fog or Dew will form Answer Bank decrease surface altitude droplets Water vapor rises Condensation below

Clouds Clouds are small collections of small water droplets or ice crystals that form through condensation or freezing Clouds can form either high in our atmosphere or near the surface

Cloud Droplet Compared to rain droplet, cloud droplets are small
Millions upon millions of cloud droplets make up one cloud Rain Droplet Cloud Droplet

What is a Cloud? A collection of small water _____ or ice crystals suspended in the air, They form from ______when the temperature is below the_______ Answer Bank Dew point surface altitude droplets Water vapor rises Condensation below

Cloud Classification Clouds are classified by their shape and altitude
The 3 basic cloud types are: stratus, cumulus, and cirrus Cirrus Cumulus Stratus

Stratus Clouds Clouds with flat bottoms that are found close to the surface “Stratus” means sheet like or layered Right above fog are stratus clouds Stratus

Cumulus Clouds Cumulus clouds resemble big fluffy cotton balls
They have a flat base that show a well-defined condensation level Cumulus

Cirrus Clouds Cirrus clouds have feathery appearance and are composed of ice crystals They form at high elevations Cirrus clouds are seen during sunny skies and are a sign that bad weather is on it’s way Cirrus

What are the 3 types of clouds?
Stratus- low _____ clouds, with layered, sheet like shape Cumulus-middle altitude clouds, with flat, _____shape Cirrus- ____altitude clouds made of ____ crystals, giving them a feather like shape Answer Bank wedging Ice combination Altitude high convergence fluffy lifting Cirrus Cumulus Stratus

Condensation Nuclei Our atmosphere contains billions of particles of dust, pollen, ice, salt and other materials These condensation nuclei float through our air and provide the seed needed for water vapor to condense and make water droplets Water molecules are attracted to these condensation Nuclei It takes thousands of these tiny water droplets to make one rain droplet Water Molecules Are attracted to these Condensation nuclei Droplets of Water form Condensation Nuclei

Condensation Nuclei Condensation Nuclei Condensation Nuclei are small particles of dust, pollen or salt Water is attracted to these particles These particles provide the seed need to make cloud droplets and eventually rain Rain Droplet Cloud Droplet

What are Condensation Nuclei?
Small solid particle (dust, pollen, salt) in the atmosphere that provides the _____on which water vapor condenses Answer Bank decrease surface altitude droplets Water vapor rises Condensation below

Summarize ???? Draw and label the 3 types of clouds: If the outside air temperature is ______ the dew point temperature, ______, or fog will form ______ ______ are small particles in the atmosphere that provide the surface for water vapor to condense Answer Bank Dew below Water vapor Cumulus Cirrus Stratus Condensation Nuclei ???? ????

Topic: Cloud Formation
Objectives: Day 3 of 4 I will know the 4 ways clouds can form I will understand coalescence and the 4 kinds of precipitation I will know the different severe low pressure systems and their charateristics

How do you think rain drops form in clouds? Why do mountains receive more rain and snow?

Cloud Formation When air rises it cools, condenses and reaches the DEW POINT temperature Whenever humid air rises, clouds form

Convective Lifting Dew Point Temperature As air rises it cools!!!!!
Temperature air needs to cool In order for clouds, fog & dew to form As air rises it cools!!!!!

Orographic Lifting Dew Point Temperature
Mountains force air to rise, as it rises it cools and condenses!!!!!

Covergence Dew Point Temperature
Temperature air needs to cool In order for clouds, fog & dew to form As air rises it cools and condenses!!!!!

Frontal Wedging Dew Point Temperature Warm Light Air Cold Heavy Air
Temperature air needs to cool In order for clouds, fog & dew to form Warm Light Air Cold Heavy Air As air rises it cools and condenses!!!!!

What caused this band of clouds to form over the equator?

Frontal Wedging Cold air lifting warm air, resulting in clouds

How did this cloud form? 2 ways
Convergence -2 air masses coming together Orographic Lifting - mountains lifting air

What are the 4 ways clouds can form?
When air rises it cools, condenses forming water droplets or clouds 4 ways air rises: - Orographic lifting -mountains lift air - Frontal_____- warm air is lifted above colder air -____________- air converges and is forced upward - Convective______- hot air rises over hot land Answer Bank wedging combination Altitude high convergence fluffy lifting

Precipitation Any moisture that falls from the air to Earth’s surface is called Precipitation The 4 major types of precipitation are rain, snow, sleet, hail

What is Precipitation? Any _______ that falls from the air to Earth’s
surface is called Precipitation 4 types exist: ______, snow, sleet, hail Answer Bank wedging rain Altitude moisture convergence fluffy

Coalescence Ever wonder how rain drops form?
They form through a process call coalescence A rain drop is the combination of smaller cloud droplets coming together to form a large rain droplet As larger droplets grow, they fall picking up even more small droplets in the process Growth of a Raindrop

Coalescence How do we go from a small cloud droplet, to a typical, large raindrop

Gravity pulls the heavy
Coalescence Rain Droplet Cloud Droplets Gravity pulls the heavy Large raindrop down

What is Coalescence? Answer Bank wedging Ice combination Altitude high convergence fluffy lifting The formation of a large rain droplet by the ______ of smaller droplets

Severe Weather Severe weather is any weather that may cause property damage or loss of life Severe weather may include large quantities of rain, lightning or hail, strong winds, or tornadoes Severe weather causes billions of dollars in damage each year

Thunderstorms A thunderstorm is accompanied by rain, thunder, lightning, and strong winds A thunderstorm is an extreme low pressure system

Tornadoes A tornado is the most violent, and shortest lived severe storm or low pressure system It is basically a destructive rotating column of air that has very high winds producing a funnel shaped cloud

Tornadoes The winds of a tornado may reach speed of over 400 kilometers! Usually everything in a tornado’s path is destroyed A scale to measure tornadoes is the Fujita scale with and F1 being the weakest and an F5 being the strongest

Tornado Formation Cold, dry air mass from Canada A tornado is the result of warm tropical air coming up from the gulf of Mexico meeting cold dry air coming down from Canada Warm, humid air mass from Gulf of Mexico

Hurricanes A hurricane is a tropical storm
Hurricanes do not have warm and cold fronts Hurricanes develop over warm tropical water where evaporation release a tremendous amount of heat and energy

Hurricanes Hurricanes are about 700 kilometers in diameter and can have winds that can reach up to 275 kilometers an hour along the eye wall Hurricanes are the most destructive storms on earth

Hurricanes form of the coast of Africa where warm ocean temperatures cause massive amounts of evaporation The Tradewinds blow the hurricane toward the gulf of Mexico & the United States

The evaporation of warm ocean water feeds hurricanes
Hurricane Katrina on its path of destruction towards New Orleans

What are 3 types of severe low pressure systems?
A ______ storm consists of rain, strong winds, lightning, and rain A ______is a destructive, rotating funnel shaped column of air that has winds up to ______km A ______ is a severe storm that develops over _____ oceans with winds up to 275 km/h Answer Bank tropical cumulus 400 hurricane thunder stratus warm tornado

Summarize When mountains cause clouds to form it is called _______ _______ When clouds form between to air masses it is called _______ ______ ________ is the formation of a large rain droplet by the combination of smaller droplets’ The largest and most severe storm is a _____ The most violent and shortest lived storm is a _______ Answer Bank Tornado Orographic lifting Collision Coalescence Hurricane Frontal wedging

Topic: Fronts & High/Low Pressure
Objectives: Day 4 of 4 I will know the difference between a cold and warm front I will understand the difference between high and low pressure systems I will know how wind flow from high pressure to low pressure

If a warm air mass meets a cold air mass, which one is lighter?? Which one is heavier?? If warmer air can hold more water, what type of air mass do you think creates more rain-cold or warm air mass????

How Air Moves If you recall, The sun drives our winds due to the uneven heating of earth This unequal heating creates our global wind patterns Remember, hot equatorial air moves to the cold poles by convection, resulting in our wind Then, the Coriolis Effect causes our wind to curve and spin But, air also moves as a result of pressure differences in our atmosphere

How Air Moves Air moves from areas of high pressure (H), to areas of low pressure (L) During High Pressure, air sinks During Low Pressure, air rises

High vs. Low Low Pressure High Pressure As air sinks, it
As air rises, it spins Counter clockwise As a result, cloudy stormy weather forms High Pressure As air sinks, it spins clockwise As a result sunny, clear weather forms

Where in the U. S. is sunny High pressure. Where in the U. S
Where in the U.S. is sunny High pressure? Where in the U.S. is stormy Low pressure? L L H H H L

Where is the Stormy Weather?
Isobars are lines of equal pressure

High vs. Low H L During High Pressure, During Low Pressure, (L) air
(H) air spins clockwise as it sinks During Low Pressure, (L) air spins Counter-Clockwise as it sinks H L

High vs. Low High = 1020mb Low = 990mb
Wind flows from High Pressure to ____Pressure The greater the pressure difference, the faster the wind High = 1020mb Low = 990mb Air_____, spinning clockwise creating Sunny clear weather Air_____, spinning counter-clockwise creating, cloudy stormy weather Answer Bank low cumulus Sinks thunder stratus warm rises

Air Masses When air doesn’t move, it starts to take on a characteristic temperature and humidity for that region An air mass is a large body of air throughout which temperature and moisture content are similar Polar Continental- Air Masses form over land Cold & Dry Maritime- air masses form over the ocean Cold & Humid Maritime- air masses form over the ocean Cold & Humid Tropical Continental- air masses form over the land Warm & Dry Tropical- air masses form over the ocean Warm & Humid Tropical- air masses form over the ocean Warm & Humid

What is an Air Mass? A large body of air throughout which temperature and moisture content are________ 4 types: -Polar Continental –cold and dry because they form over land -Maritime – cold and humid because form over cold _______ -Tropical – Warm, humid that forms over tropical water -Continental Tropical –Hot and dry because they form over warm land Answer Bank tropical ocean funnel thunder similar warm moisture

Fronts When 2 air masses meet they don’t mix, they form Fronts Why?!
Because they have different Temperatures and Densities A cold air mass is dense and does not mix with a warm air mass There are 2 types of fronts: Cold Front and a Warm Front

Cold Fronts When a cold air mass overtakes a warm air mass, a cold front forms The moving, heavier, cold air lifts the warm air If the warm air is moist, Clouds will form Large cumulus and cumulonimbus form along cold fronts Cold front is the boundary where cold air pushes warm air out of the way and brings colder weather and cumulus clouds

Cold Fronts The side with the “teeth” has the warmer air
The colder air is pushing the warmer air up

A Cold Front Approaching: Notice the large cumulus clouds

Warm Fronts When a cold air mass retreats from an area, a warm front forms This warmer, lighter, less dense air rises over the cooler air A warm from has a gradual slope, with clouds that form as the warm air rises along the front A warm front can cause rain, and even sever thunderstorms A warm front is defined as the area or zone where a warm air mass is replacing a cold air mass

Warm Front On a weather map, Colder temperatures are on the side of the semi circles

Where is the warm front? Where is the cold front?
Isobars are lines of equal pressure

What is the difference between Cold Front and Warm Front?
Cold front is the boundary where cold air ______warm air out of the way and brings colder weather and ______ clouds A warm front is the boundary where a ____ air mass is replacing a cold air mass and _______ clouds form as warm air is forced upward Answer Bank pushes cumulus Sinks stratus warm rises

Summarize High pressure, air is _____ & the weather is ____
Answer Bank Warm Cold (2) low rising sinking rain Cloudy rainy high Sunny, clear High pressure, air is _____ & the weather is ____ Low Pressure, air is _____ & the weather is _____ At location D and B you are experiencing _____ Front Movement _______Front _______Front ______Clouds ______Clouds _______air _______air _______air

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