1. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. C H A P T E R Copyright © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. McGraw-Hill 7 Sexuality “If we listen to boys and girls at the very moment they seem most pimply, awkward, and disagreeable, we can penetrate a mystery most of us once felt heavily within us, and have not forgotten. This mystery is the very process of creation of man and woman.” — Colin McInnes Contemporary Scottish Author “If we listen to boys and girls at the very moment they seem most pimply, awkward, and disagreeable, we can penetrate a mystery most of us once felt heavily within us, and have not forgotten. This mystery is the very process of creation of man and woman.” — Colin McInnes Contemporary Scottish Author

2. Copyright © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. McGraw-Hill 2 A Normal Aspect of Adolescent Development The Sexual Culture Developing a Sexual Identity Obtaining Information about Adolescent Sexuality –Difficult to study accurately

3. Copyright © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. McGraw-Hill 3 Sexual Attitudes and Behavior Heterosexual Attitudes and Behavior Sequence and Change

4. Copyright © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. McGraw-Hill 4 Sexual Attitudes and Behavior Percentage of Youth Who Say They Have Had Sexual Intercourse at Various Ages Fig. 7.2

5. Copyright © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. McGraw-Hill 5 Sexual Attitudes and Behavior Sexual Scripts –A stereotyped pattern of role prescriptions for how individuals should sexually behave. –Females and males have been socialized to follow different sexual scripts. Risk Factors For Sexual Problems

6. Copyright © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. McGraw-Hill 6 Sexual Minority Attitudes and Behaviors A bisexual is attracted to people of both sexes. Causes of sexual minority behavior Developmental pathways

7. Copyright © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. McGraw-Hill 7 Sexual Minority Attitudes and Behavior Gay or Lesbian Identity and Disclosure –Parents are seldom the first person told –Mothers are more likely than fathers to know –A friend is likely to be the first person told Peer Relations Discrimination and Bias

8. Copyright © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. McGraw-Hill 8 Sexual Attitudes and Behavior Self-Stimulation –Part of the sexual activity of virtually all adolescents and one of their most frequent sexual outlets Contraceptive Use –Adolescents are increasing their use of contraceptives, but large numbers still do not use them

9. Copyright © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. McGraw-Hill 9 Adolescent Sexual Problems Incidence of Adolescent Pregnancy –Why are U.S. adolescent pregnancy rates so high? Childbearing regarded as adult activity in Europe and Canada. Unclear messages about sexuality Lack of family planning services

10. Copyright © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. McGraw-Hill 10 Adolescent Pregnancy US Adolescent Pregnancy Rates Are Decreasing –Fear of STDs –School/community health classes –Greater hope for future Abortion

11. Copyright © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. McGraw-Hill 11 Adolescent Pregnancy Consequences of Adolescent Pregnancy –Adolescent mothers often drop out of school –“We are children having children” 17 year old mother

12. Copyright © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. McGraw-Hill 12 Adolescent Pregnancy Cognitive Factors –Adolescents may see themselves as omnipotent and indestructible Adolescents as Parents –Lack of prenatal care –Lack parenting skills –Lower Incomes

13. Copyright © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. McGraw-Hill 13 Adolescent Pregnancy Births to Married and Unmarried 15- to 19-Year-Old Girls from 1950 through 2000 Fig. 7.5

14. Copyright © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. McGraw-Hill 14 Adolescent Pregnancy Reducing Adolescent Pregnancy –Sex Education and Family Planning –Access to contraceptives –Life Options Approach –Broad Community Involvement

15. Copyright © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. McGraw-Hill 15 Sexually Transmitted Infections AIDS –Nature and Incidence –Transmission of HIV –Prevention

16. Copyright © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. McGraw-Hill 16 Sexually Transmitted Infections Understanding AIDS: What’s Risky, What’s Not Fig. 7.6

17. Copyright © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. McGraw-Hill 17 Types –Genital Herpes –Genital Warts –Gonorrhea –Syphilis –Chlamydia Sexually Transmitted Infections

18. Copyright © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. McGraw-Hill 18 Forcible Sexual Behavior and Sexual Harassment Forcible Sexual Behavior –Rape –Acquaintance Rape Sexual Harassment –Quid Pro Quo –Hostile Environment

19. Copyright © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. McGraw-Hill 19 Forcible Sexual Behavior and Sexual Harassment Completed Rape and Attempted Rape of College Women According to Victim-Offender Relationship Fig. 7.7

20. Copyright © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. McGraw-Hill 20 Sexual Literacy Sources of Sex Information –“I learned about sex in the streets. There, and from Playboy and other sex magazines.” - 14-year-old boy

21. Copyright © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. McGraw-Hill 21 Sex Education in the Schools Some topics are taught earlier. More educators promote abstinence. Percentage or teachers who support teaching about birth control, abortion, and sexual orientation declined.

22. Copyright © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. McGraw-Hill 22 Taking it to the Net For more information on material covered in this chapter, visit our Online Learning Center: http://www.mhhe.com/santrocka11