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Community Interactions Community: Many species interacting in the same environment Three types of interactions: – Competition – Predation – Symbiosis.

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Presentation on theme: "Community Interactions Community: Many species interacting in the same environment Three types of interactions: – Competition – Predation – Symbiosis."— Presentation transcript:

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2 Community Interactions

3 Community: Many species interacting in the same environment Three types of interactions: – Competition – Predation – Symbiosis

4 Competition Defined: challenge for resources – Examples: water, nutrients, light, food Occurs when resources are limited Competitive exclusion principle: no two species can occupy the same niche in the same habitat at the same time

5 Competitive Exclusion in Paramecia

6 We see this in the world of business too What happens to the small neighborhood hardware store when…

7 We see this in the world of business too …Home Depot opens a few blocks away?

8 Elephant Seals: Competition for mates BeachmasterChallenger

9 Elephant Seals: Competition for mates resource Only the beachmaster earns the right to mate with every female is his territory. A typical harem is around 50- 100 females.

10 Predation Defined: when an organism captures and feeds on another organism Predator: hunter Prey: hunted

11 Symbiosis Symbiosis: relationship where two species live closely together Three types – Mutualism – Commensalism – Parasitism

12 Mutualism Mutualism: both species benefit from the relationship Ex: Lichens (fungus and Algae) Fungus: Obtains nutrients from the algae Algae: Grows among the cells of the fungus (home)

13 Mutualism Mutualism: both species benefit from the relationship. Ex: Lichens (fungus and Algae) Ex: Clown fish and anemones Clown fish: Obtains a home and protection Anemone: Eat undigested food scraps

14 Mutualism Mutualism: both species benefit from the relationship. Ex: Lichens (fungus and Algae) Ex: Clown fish and anemones Ex: Cleaner birds and crocodiles Bird: Eat parasites from inside the crocodile’s mouth Crocodile: Gets teeth cleaned (small parasites are eaten by the bird)

15 Commensalism Commensalism – One member of a symbiotic relationship benefits and the other is neither helped or harmed Ex: Cattle and Birds – Birds eat insects stirred up by the cattle Birds: obtain food Cattle: no benefit

16 Commensalism Commensalism – One member of a symbiotic relationship benefits and the other is neither helped or harmed Ex: Cattle and Birds – Birds eat insects stirred up by the cattle Ex: Barnacles and whales – Barnacles grow on whale Barnacle: obtains a home Whale: no benefit; no harm

17 Parasitism Parasitism: One organism benefits and the other is harmed Ex: Tapeworm feeds in a humans intestines absorbing his/her nutrients Tapeworm: obtains nutrients and a home Host: loses nutrients to the tapeworm; nausea, diarrhea, fatugue

18 Parasitism Parasitism: One organism benefits and the other is harmed Ex: Tapeworm feeds in a humans intestines absorbing his/her nutrients Ex: Ticks can pass disease when they bite Ticks: eat the blood of their host Host: Fever, aches, rash

19 Parasitism Parasitism: One organism benefits and the other is harmed Ex: Tapeworm feeds in a humans intestines absorbing his/her nutrients Ex: Ticks can pass disease when they bite Ticks: eat the blood of their host Host: Fever, aches, rash Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

20 Parasitism Parasitism: One organism benefits and the other is harmed Ex: Tapeworm feeds in a humans intestines absorbing his/her nutrients Ex: Ticks can pass disease when they bite Ticks: eat the blood of their host Host: Fever, aches, rash Lyme disease

21 Review 1)What is a community? 2)Name the 3 types of community interactions. 3)When do organisms usually compete? 4)How do predators and prey interact? 5)Name the 3 types of symbiosis. 6)How does mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism differ? 7)How does predation differ from parasitism?


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