1. Higher Computing Computer Systems S. McCrossan Higher Grade Computing Studies 6. Using Networks 1 Network Hardware - Hub Hub - A hub is used when you have one connection to the network but want to share that connection with several machines. A hub is a network device that is used for connecting computers on a Local Are Network (LAN).

2. Higher Computing Computer Systems S. McCrossan Higher Grade Computing Studies 6. Using Networks 2 Network Hardware - Hub When you send data from computer A to Computer B, the Hub receives the packet and sends it out all other available ports on the Hub. Both Computers B and C get the data, C looks at the data and realised that it is not for itself so it ignores it. Computer B sees and sees that it belongs to itself.

3. Higher Computing Computer Systems S. McCrossan Higher Grade Computing Studies 6. Using Networks 3 Network Hardware - Switch Switches are smart hubs that send data directly to the destination rather than everywhere within a network. A switch contains a much faster routing capacity than a hub. It can handle many more requests than a hub at one time.

4. Higher Computing Computer Systems S. McCrossan Higher Grade Computing Studies 6. Using Networks 4 Network Hardware - Router A router is a device which joins networks together to allow data to flow between the joined networks. A router is an intelligent packet sorter, which can look at the ultimate destination for a packet and analyse the best way to get it there. A router is a network device that connects two similar networks having the same network protocol. It also chooses the best path between two networks

5. Higher Computing Computer Systems S. McCrossan Higher Grade Computing Studies 6. Using Networks 5 Network Hardware - NIC A Network Interface Card (NIC) is slotted into the motherboard of a computer and provides the physical connection and electronics to connect a computer to a Local Area Network (LAN). An Ethernet card is a common example of an NIC.

6. Higher Computing Computer Systems S. McCrossan Higher Grade Computing Studies 6. Using Networks 6 Widespread Use of Networks Due to advances in hardware: Processors RAM Backing storage Data transfer rates Due to advances in software: Improved browsers Operating Systems now with network functions New network operating systems Improved communications software Due to increased bandwidth being available Due to advances in wireless communication

7. Higher Computing Computer Systems S. McCrossan Higher Grade Computing Studies 6. Using Networks 7 Misuse of Networks Breaching copyright: Steal other people’s intellectual property use other people’s computer based resources without their permission copy or use software that has not been paid for Planting viruses: Some network users deliberately install viruses on computer systems to cause damage inconvenience or annoyance

8. Higher Computing Computer Systems S. McCrossan Higher Grade Computing Studies 6. Using Networks 8 Misuse of Networks Hacking: This is what happens when someone who breaks into someone else's computer system, bypasses passwords or licenses in computer programs; or in other ways intentionally breaches computer security.

9. Higher Computing Computer Systems S. McCrossan Higher Grade Computing Studies 6. Using Networks 9 Legislation Computer Misuse Act: Deliberately planting viruses into a computer system to cause damage to program files and data Using computer time to carry out unauthorised work Copying computer programs Hacking into someone’s system with a view to seeing or altering the information Using a computer to commit various electronic frauds.

10. Higher Computing Computer Systems S. McCrossan Higher Grade Computing Studies 6. Using Networks 10 Legislation Copyright, Designs and Patents Act: Copy software Run pirated software Transmit copyrighted software over a telecommunications line.

11. Higher Computing Computer Systems S. McCrossan Higher Grade Computing Studies 6. Using Networks 11 Legislation Data Protection Act: Protects the rights of the individual about whom data is obtained, stored, processed or supplied rather than those of the people or organisations who control and use personal data. Data users must ensure that they provide proper security, e.g. use usernames and passwords, use secure rooms.