1. POLYSTYRENE EDWARD BRUNS MOHAMMED ALZAYER MAT E 351 12/11/2013

2. Why PS? Hispalois,. "CD box made of GPPS and HIPS." Wikimedia Commons, 05 May 2007. Web. 8 Dec 2013. Kyriaki,. "Image of White Zinfandel in plastic cups." Wikimedia Commons, 31 May 2006. Web. 8 Dec 2013. Tomia. "Plastic recycle logo PS.“ Wikimedia Commons, 22 Feb 2006. Web. 8 Dec 2013.

3. Outline Overview of PS Synthesis: Mechanisms Steps Tactisity Properties Physical Thermal Mechanical Applications Foam Peanuts (EPS) Other Applications

4. Overview Monomer(s): Styrene (reaction below) Contains: Phenyl rings M n Range: 100,000–400,000 Key Characteristic: Thermoplastic Mills, Ben, and Jynto. "Ball and stick model of the styrene molecule..". Wikimedia Commons, 9 Nov 2009. Web. 25 Nov 2013. Padleckas, H. "Ethylbenzene to Styrene.". Wikimedia Commons, 23 Jan 2005. Web. 25 Nov 2013. Saklıdır, Tüm. "PS Production." Aral Chemicals, (2012). Web. 8 Dec 2013.

5. Synthesis Mechanism: Addition This includes: free radicals, cationic, anionic Steps: Initiation, Propagation, Termination

6. Synthesis Steps Initiation: Propagation: "Polymers Production." School of Materials Science and Engineering. The University of New South Wales. Web. 25 Nov 2013.

7. Synthesis Steps Termination: 1. Combination 2. Disproportionation "Polymers Production." School of Materials Science and Engineering. The University of New South Wales. Web. 25 Nov 2013. "Polymer Synthesis." Polymers and Liquid Crystals. Case Western Reserve University. Web. 25 Nov 2013.

8. Tacticity and Crystallinity "Tacticity." Polymer Science Learning Center. Polymer Science Learning Foundation. Web. 25 Nov 2013. Commercial Mostly amorphous Commercial Isotactic SyndiotacticAtactic Increase crystallinity

9. Forms of PS "Assembled CD Jewel Cases & Clear Trays." Disc Makers, n.d. Web. 8 Dec 2013. Mammal, Small. "I, Party Cup: A Documentary." Grist.org, (2012). Web. 8 Dec 2013. "Round White EPS Foam Disc 6"." Party Supplies. Maple Craft, (2012). Web. 8 Dec 2013. General Purpose PS (GPPS) High Impact PS (HIPS)Expanded PS (EPS)

10. Forms of PS General Purpose PS (GPPS) High Impact PS (HIPS) Expanded PS (EPS) CharacteristicsClear, hard, brittleTough, hardTough, lightweight, rigid-foam Cost index ($/lbs)≤ 0.9 Embodied energy (MJ/kg) 86.4087.4088.60 Trade namesDylene (Arco)BextreneStyropor (BASF), Styrofoam Hammond, Geoff, and Craig Jones. "Ineventory of Carbon and Energy." Department of Mechanical Engineering. University of Bath, UK, 01 Jan 2011. Web. 8 Dec 2013. Material Properties Database. MakeItFrom.com (2009). Web. 8 Dec 2013. "PS Polymer Profile." Omnexus. SpecialChem SA, (2013). Web. 8 Dec 2013. "Styropor® Expandable Polystyrene (EPS)." BASF, (2007). Web. 8 Dec 2013. "High Impact Polystyrene (HIPS)." EZ Chem, LLC, (2009). Web. 8 Dec 2013.

11. Physical Properties General Purpose PS (GPPS) High Impact PS (HIPS) Expanded PS (EPS) Rubber bands (natural) Legos (ABS) Density (g/cm3) 1.051.040.008-1.100.9-1.01.06 Glass Transition T (°C) 100-70100 Material Properties Database. MakeItFrom.com (2009). Web. 8 Dec 2013. Material Property Data. MatWeb, LLC, (1996). Web. 8 Dec 2013.

12. Thermal Properties General Purpose PS (GPPS) High Impact PS (HIPS) Expanded PS (EPS) Rubber bands (natural) Legos (ABS) Thermal Conductivity (W/m-K) 0.140.220.027- 0.0418 0.140.23 Thermal Expansion (µm/m-K) (20°C) 120800.08-7022595 Material Properties Database. MakeItFrom.com (2009). Web. 8 Dec 2013. Material Property Data. MatWeb, LLC, (1996). Web. 8 Dec 2013.

13. Mechanical Properties Material Properties Database. MakeItFrom.com (2009). Web. 8 Dec 2013. Material Property Data. MatWeb, LLC, (1996). Web. 8 Dec 2013. General Purpose PS (GPPS) High Impact PS (HIPS) Expanded PS (EPS) Rubber bands (natural) Legos (ABS) Young’s modulus (GPa) 2.91.90.0065- 0.04 -1.9 UTS (MPa)46800.08-0.9113.5-3540 Elongation at break (%) 2%40%5-13.4%300-900 %20%

14. Applications: Foam Peanuts Why PS? Processing of Expanded Polystyrene (EPS): - PS beads + 6 wt% pentane. - Expand beads. - Dry and cure beads. - Transfer pre-expanded beads to molds. environmental concerns "Packaging Peanuts A to Z." Inspire Creators. Davison, 20 Oct 2010. Web. 25 Nov 2013. "Polystyrene Processing." EGTEI. The Interprofessional Technical Centre for Studies on Air Pollution (CITEPA). Web. 25 Nov 2013. Salazar, Dennis. "Two New Green Packaging Products Eliminate the Use of Bubble Packaging and/or Packing Peanuts.". Salazar Packaging, inc., 26 Jul 2012. Web. 25 Nov 2013.

15. Applications: Others GPPS: injection molded or thermoformed HIPS: Polybutadiene added during polymerization "Disposable Polystyrene Sample Cups." SKS Science, n.d. Web. 8 Dec 2013. "Plastic Food Packaging." Plastic Ingenuity, 12 Mar 2013. Web. 8 Dec 2013. "Polystyrene and Styrolux." BASF, n.d. Web. 8 Dec 2013. "Styro Boxes." Aqua-Pak., n.d. Web. 8 Dec 2013. "Disposable Polystyrene Sample Cups." SKS Science, (2012). Web. 8 Dec 2013. Rovere, Correa, Grassi, and Dal Pizzol. "Role of the rubber content on the toughness of high impact polystyrene." Springer US, 01 Feb 2008. Web. 8 Dec 2013. Lab supplies (GPPS)Packaging (EPS) Food containers (HIPS)

16. Conclusion Polystyrene (PS) is a thermoplastic polymerized from styrene monomer by addition Cheap to produce, hence one of the most popular polymers Pure PS is brittle (GPPS), adding polybutadiene makes it tougher (HIPS) Foam form of PS can be produced by adding a blowing agent (EPS) Applications include packaging and containers