1. Vertebrate Origins
Haikouella lanceolata, early Cambrian

2. Diversity of Chordates
American toad,
Bufo americanus
56,000 species
10 mm to 40 m long
Every habitat
Large body size
Pronghorn antelope,
Antilocarpa americana
Sea squirt,
Atriolum robustum
Laughing gull, Larus atricilla
Amphioxus
(probably Branchiostoma)
Shoal chub, Macrhybopsis hyostoma
Eastern box turtle,
Terrapene carolina

3. Chordate Characteristics Notochord Pharynx Dorsal, hollow nerve cord
Endostyle-thyroid
Chordate Characteristics
Notochord
Pharynx
Dorsal, hollow nerve cord
Postanal tail
Endostyle-thyroid gland

4. Chordate Characteristics Notochord Pharynx Dorsal, hollow nerve cord
Endostyle-thyroid
Chordate Characteristics
Notochord
Pharynx
Dorsal, hollow nerve cord
Postanal tail
Endostyle-thyroid gland

5. Chordate Characteristics Notochord Pharynx Dorsal, hollow nerve cord
Endostyle-thyroid
Chordate Characteristics
Notochord
Pharynx
Dorsal, hollow nerve cord
Postanal tail
Endostyle-thyroid gland

6. Chordate Characteristics Notochord Pharynx Dorsal, hollow nerve cord
Endostyle-thyroid
Chordate Characteristics
Notochord
Pharynx
Dorsal, hollow nerve cord
Postanal tail
Endostyle-thyroid gland

7. Chordate Characteristics Notochord Pharynx Dorsal, hollow nerve cord
Endostyle-thyroid
Chordate Characteristics
Notochord
Pharynx
Dorsal, hollow nerve cord
Postanal tail
Endostyle-thyroid gland

8. How are vertebrates different from other chordates?
ENDOSKELETON: Vertebrae? (actually vertebrae are lacking in hagfishes and rudimentary in lampreys)
2. Cephalization: Cranium (all sense organs located towad anterior region of body)
3. Tripartite brain with associated complex, paired sense organs and cranial nerves
4. Chambered heart: CLOSED circulatory system
Alimentary canal (digestive system)
Specialized organ systems

9. Body Systems Integumentary
Hair, skin, nails, sweat glands and sebaceous glands
Protection
Regulates body temperature
Houses sense organs

10. Body Systems Muscular Muscles FXN: causes body movement
maintains posture
produces body heat

11. Body Systems Skeletal Bones, cartilage, ligaments Aids in movements
Support
Protects
Produces blood cells

12. Body Systems Digestive System
Mouth, tongue, teeth, salivary glands, esophogus, stomach, liver, sm and lg intestines
Breakdown food and absorbs nutrients
Excretes waste

13. Body Systems Respiratory Lungs and nasal cavity, bronchi
Exchange gases

14. Body Systems circulatory Heart and blood vessels
Transports blood and nutrients thru body

15. Body Systems Excretory/ urinary Kidneys, urinary bladder, urethra
Removes waste from blood
maintain water balance
eliminates urine

16. Body Systems Endocrine
Pituitary glands, pancreas thyroid, adrenal gland
Secrete hormones to regulate metabolism

17. Body Systems Nervous Brain, spinal column, sense organs
Respond to stimuli
Animation:

18. Body Systems Reproductive Vagina/Penis Reproduction
Support dev of embyro