1. Models in Science…and their possible inaccurate attributes Objective: Identify inaccuracies in Earth’s models and how they can be misinterpreted. Date

2. Looking back in history, sometimes our best efforts have not produced correct models. Only the data we can retrieve can be used to make them as accurate as possible.

3. Models of the Past We are going to look at some different models of Earth that have been proposed in the past and some models that are used educationally. Please write down a. evidence that shows accuracies and b. evidence that shows inaccuracies for each model.

4. 1. Halley’s Proposal 1692  Halley believed the Earth was hollow and within it was a second sphere. To account for all the variations in the magnetic field, Halley finally proposed that the Earth was composed of some four spheres, each nestled inside another. a. What evidence is there that this is an accurate model? b. What evidence is there that this is an inaccurate model?

5. 2. Marshall Gardner’s 1920 Hollow Earth The discovery of an extinct wooly mammoth frozen in ice in Siberia was evidence of this hollow Earth theory.

6. Gardner thought that mammoths and other extinct creatures wandered freely in the interior of the earth. This one “had wandered outside by using the hole at the North Pole, then was frozen and carried to Siberia on an ice flow”. a. What evidence is there that this is an accurate model? b. What evidence is there that this is an inaccurate model?

7. 3. Leonhard Euler’s Theory Euler proposed a hollow- Earth idea, getting rid of multiple shells and postulating an interior sun to provide light to advanced inner-Earth civilizations. a. What evidence is there that this is an accurate model? b. What evidence is there that this is an inaccurate model?

8. Sometimes model makers are trying to show a certain concept and it is taken in the wrong context by the viewer.

9. Private Universe Video Even the brightest students in the class have false ideas based on enduring misconceptions that traditional instructional methods cannot overcome. http://www.learner.org/resources/series28.html?pop=yes&pid=9#

10. 4. Describe: a. What you think the model is trying to show b. How the model might be misleading or taken wrong.

11. 5. Describe: a. What you think the model is trying to show b. How the model might be misleading or taken wrong.

12. 6. Describe: a. What you think the model is trying to show b. How the model might be misleading or taken wrong.

13. 7. Describe: a. What you think the model is trying to show b. How the model might be misleading or taken wrong.

14. 8. Describe: a. What you think the model is trying to show b. How the model might be misleading or taken wrong.

15. 9. Describe: a. What you think the model is trying to show b. How the model might be misleading or taken wrong.

16. Credits Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Woolly_Mammoth -RBC.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Woolly_Mammoth -RBC.jpg Hollow Earth Hypothesis http://www.crystalinks.com/hollowearth.html http://www.fallingpixel.com/geopolitical-earth- globe-countries-and-continents-3d-model/9335