1. Study of Wind Energy Penetration in the Iberian Peninsula RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA 1 WIND POWER GENERATION Study of Wind Energy Penetration in the Iberian Peninsula. 1st March 2006

2. Study of Wind Energy Penetration in the Iberian Peninsula RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA 2 Introduction: Evolution of installed wind power in Spain.

3. Study of Wind Energy Penetration in the Iberian Peninsula RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA 3 8.046 MW ins. Wind power 235 GWh annual demand 37,5 MW “peak” 41 Minhab. 16.629 MW ins. Wind power(x2,1) 513 GWh annual demand (x2,2) 74 MW “peak” (x2) 83 Minhab (x2) Import Capacity A: 1.400- 1.400 MW CZ: 1.700- 2.300MW CH:3.000- 4.000 MW DK:1.750-1.750MW F:2.100-2.550MW NL:3.000-2.900MW PL:1.100-1.100 MW S:460-460MW Import Capacity F: 1.200-1.400MW P: 550-700MW MO:400-400MW Introduction: Energy Data 2004 (UCTE) (“Peak”: 3ºX-Dec) Interchange Cap. Data 2004-5 (ETSO)

4. Study of Wind Energy Penetration in the Iberian Peninsula RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA 4 Study Objectives: q Identify technical limits for wind power production: reference for installation plans. q Establish technical requirements for wind farms: fault ride-through capability. q Ministry Plan H2011 (October 2002): Background: Load Situation Admissible Wind Power Production (frtc≥500 ms) Peak10.000 MW Off-peak3.000 ÷ 5.000 MW 13.000 MWinst

5. Study of Wind Energy Penetration in the Iberian Peninsula RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA 5 q Transient stability study. q System reserves impact. q Daily load coverage. q Participation of the wind farms in system restoration. What does the study deal with? What does the study NOT deal with?

6. Study of Wind Energy Penetration in the Iberian Peninsula RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA 6 Follow-through group Analysis group REE REN AEE (ABB) CNE Network Planning Group (Spain) & REN: REE, CNE, Wind Associations (AEE y APPA), Spanish electricity companies and REN Study organization : Working groups.

7. Study of Wind Energy Penetration in the Iberian Peninsula RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA 7 Power system model Study Methodology: -1771,1 PSS/E Are the criteria met? Operational Point (load flow) Models and data of the involved dynamics (“Dynamic data”) Results YesNo

8. Study of Wind Energy Penetration in the Iberian Peninsula RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA 8 Power System Scenarios: Initial Case Horizon 2011. 1.500 MW 600 MW 900 MW Future installed wind power* 9.800 MW 3.200 MW 800 MW 2.950 MW 13.000 MW 3.750 MW Initial installed wind power Iberian load 65.400 MW Spanish load 53.400 MW Portuguese load 12.000 MW (*) Future wind power are distributed at buses where wind power evacuation is forecasted. 700 MW 600 MW 0 MW Initial wind power production 5.000 MW 1.450 MW 13.000 MW 3.750 MW Initial installed wind power Iberian load 26.000 MW Spanish load 21.500 MW Portuguese load 4.500 MW Peak load: Off-peak: Existing wind power 05/05/31 (forecast)

9. Study of Wind Energy Penetration in the Iberian Peninsula RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA 9 Study Criteria: Iberian Scope Criteria (highest production capacity) :  Fault cleared in breaker failure times.  Each TSO will apply their steady state security criteria.  Transient Stability Criteria:  Out of step is not acceptable except if this problem is reduced to an individual generator.  Generating trips greater than 3000 MW (maximum instantaneous deflection between generation and load, UCTE Operational Handbook) are not acceptable.  Tripping of any France-Spain International interconnections by out of step relays is not acceptable.  Load shedding is not acceptable (except load trip by protection selectivity). Hypothesis:  Production: 80% of the installed wind power.  Increasing steps of wind power penetration.  Future wind power is technically adapted.  50% of technical adaptation level in the wind power Portuguese penetration  Sensitivity analysis of adaptation levels for the Spanish Peninsular wind power :  Without technical adaptation.  50% of the present one.  75% of the present one.  100% of the present one.

10. Study of Wind Energy Penetration in the Iberian Peninsula RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA 10 Study Preliminary Results: dependence on the technical adaptation level*. Case of demand % of wind power technically adapted respect to the present one (10GW) Permissible wind power production (MW) Peak 50%< 10.000 MW* 75%14.000 MW* 100% >16.000 MW* Off-peak 0%5.000 MW* 75%> 10.000 MW* 16-20.000 MWinst (*) The preliminary results presented correspond to Spain only and these are, however, subject to possible changes due to the pending Portuguese study

11. Study of Wind Energy Penetration in the Iberian Peninsula RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA 11 Study Results: Technical Requirements for Wind Power. q Remain connected to the system in case of faults in the network (3/2/1 phase short-circuits), allowing the protection system to clear de default (fault ride-through capability):  Limits in power consumption (P,Q) during the fault and recovery: exception periods - ≈150 ms- and lower restriction for unbalance faults q Voltage–time at the connection point to be supported (P.O.12.3) Requirements: q Design: Generators and equipment must be able to carry currents during the fault q Operation Appropriate protection adjustment Voltage (pu) 1 0,2 0,5 1 Time (sec) start of disturbance 0,8 0,95 pu 0 15 Clearance of the fault Fault length Situations where generators must remain connected 0,6 isolate 2 ph faults

12. Study of Wind Energy Penetration in the Iberian Peninsula RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA 12 q The decreasing of the short circuit currents, during a fault, due to the highest wind power penetration case analysed are between 10 to 20% q Other aspects to consider, once the full “ride through capability“ has been reached : m Impact in the necessities of reserves of regulation with high wind power penetrations that assure the system adequacy m In case of “blackout”: to analyze the possibility of participation of the wind farms in the system restoration. Stage 2: Other conclusions.

13. Study of Wind Energy Penetration in the Iberian Peninsula RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA 13 Conclusions: q The technical adaptation of the existing wind farms allows: m The correct operation, guaranteeing a selective 1 and coordinated 1 behaviour in relation to the rest of the system m The recovering of the local and zonal production capacities (highest production capacity criterion), reduced by the massive disconnections due to the non adapted existing wind farm. m To maximize the wind power production, allowing itself greater penetrations q The future D/C with France increases the wind power integration and eliminates the possible limitations in the use of the interconnections (1) Essential properties that the protections of the equipment connected to the power system must satisfy