1. Contribute gardening observations for research The rhythm of seasonal change LoriAnne Barnett Education Coordinator

2. PHENOLOGY

3. Just to be clear… phRenology – a pseudoscience focused on measurements of the human skull and size of the brain phOnology – a branch of linguistics concerned with the organization of sounds in language

4. What is phenology? The science of the seasons Blooms and buds Hibernation, migration, emergence Easy to observe Photo credit: L. Barnett …it is the study of the timing of recurring plant and animal life- cycle stages, or phenophases, and their relationship to environmental conditions. Photo credit: P. Warren

5. Flowers Fruits Leaves Observable life cycle events or PHENOPHASES

6. Who observes phenology? Scientists Gardeners/Agriculturists Land managers Educators Youth Photo credit: C. Enquist Photo credit: P. Warren Photo credit: S. Schaffer

7. The Master Gardeners are a group of volunteers providing leadership and guidance to the community in home gardening and landscaping. Phenology research at the Extension Office can help you make informed recommendations, provide area-specific information about bloom times and year to year variations, and accurate species information.

8. Identify local seasonal indicators. When do we expect to see them appear? Has that changed at all through time? DISCUSS

10. Photo credit: Wikimedia Commons

11. RECORD KEEPING

12. Garden re-created Photo credit: Monticello

13. Cloned lilac program H ISTORIC L ILAC N ETWORK E STABLISHED IN THE 1950 S S ANTA R ITA E XPERIMENTAL R ANGE, G REEN V ALLEY, AZ Photo credit: L. Barnett

14. David Bertelsen, Naturalist

15. Collected by a single individualCollected by a single individual 1984-present1984-present 1480+ round-trip hikes (10 miles), 4158’ elevation gain1480+ round-trip hikes (10 miles), 4158’ elevation gain Approximately weeklyApproximately weekly 587 flowering plant taxa (group of species)587 flowering plant taxa (group of species) 155K+ records of plant flowering.155K+ records of plant flowering. 73,000 vertebrate records73,000 vertebrate records Photo credit: B. Wilder

16. What’s Phenology Finger Rock – Santa Catalina Mtns, Tucson Finger Rock Trail, Santa Catalina Mtns Tucson, AZ

17. Mile 1 – Desert scrub, riparian Mile 2 – Desert scrub, scrub grassland Mile 3 – Scrub grassland, oak woodland, oak woodland, oak pine woodland oak pine woodland Mile 4 – Oak-pine woodland, pine forest pine forest Mile 5 – Oak-pine woodland, pine forest pine forest Finger Rock Trail, Santa Catalina Mtns Tucson, AZ 3,100’ 7,258’ 3,540’ 4,500’ 5,480’ 6,360’

18. Acer rubrum (red maple); Photo credit: D. Hartel Observing the same individual through the seasons

19. EARTH’S SYSTEMS

20. Weather Day-to-day changes in the Earth’s atmosphere. -Mark Twain Climate Long-term average of daily weather in a given area. It is about… …time

21. http://planthardiness.ars.usda.gov/phzmweb/ Annual average MINIMUM temperatures – 30 years

22. Sunset Climate Zones for the West Also account for: Latitude Hills and Valleys Elevation Ocean influence (humidity) Continental air Precipitation Microclimates www.sunset.com/garden/climate-zones/ ZONE 3A: Mild areas of mountain and intermountain climates East of the Sierra and Cascade ranges, you can hardly find a better gardening climate than Zone 3a.Winter minimum temperatures average from 15 to 25°F (–9 to –4°C), with extremes between –8 and –18°F (–22 and –28°C). Its frost- free growing season runs from 150 to 186 days. The zone tends to occur at lower elevations in the northern states (eastern Oregon and Washington as well as Idaho), but at higher elevations as you move south crossing Utah’s Great Salt Lake and into northern New Mexico and Arizona. Fruits and vegetables that thrive in long, warm summers, such as melons, gourds, and corn, tend to do well here. This is another great zone for all kinds of deciduous fruit trees and ornamental trees and shrubs. Just keep them well watered.

23. Mile 1 Mile 5 Mile 4 Mile 3 Mile 2 Desert scrub Scrub grassland Oak woodland Oak-pine woodland Pine forest 800 mm 300 mm 10 ºC 20 ºC Annual Average Precipitation Annual Average Temperature Elevation-Veg-Climate gradient

24. http://alliance.la.asu.edu/maps/AZ_biomes_web.pdf Life Zones

25. USA-NPN

26. U NDERSTAND HOW SPECIES AND LANDSCAPES ARE RESPONDING TO CLIMATE CHANGE. Primary goal Create a standardized, long- term dataset for use in multiple types of research. Mission Make phenology data, models and related information available. Encourage people of all ages and backgrounds to observe and record phenology. Photo credit: C. Enquist

27. Photo credit: L. Romano

28. ~4,500 active observers ~7,000 active sites 4.6M+ records Lilac data from 1956 Many taxa from 2009

29. Reproduction Development Method Activity ANIMAL  Active individuals  Feeding  Male combat  Mating  Young individuals  Dead individuals  Individuals at a feeding station Flowers Fruits Leaves  Young leaves  Leaves  Colored leaves  Flowers or flower buds  Open flowers  Ripe fruits  Recent seed or fruit drop PLANT PHENOPHASES …How Many?

31. Leaves Flowers Fruits Gambel Oak

32. Breaking leaf buds Leaves Increasing leaf size Colored leaves Flowers or Flower Buds Open Flowers FruitsRipe Fruits Recent fruit or seed drop DECIDUOUS PLANT PHENOPHASES

34. Enter Observations Online Photo credit: S. Schaffer

35. You MUST have your account completely set up online first to use the mobile apps!

37. Red maple (Acer rubrum) in 2013 collected via Nature’s Notebook http://www.usanpn.org/data/visualizations DATA DOWNLOAD

38. https://www.usanpn.org/results/data DATA DOWNLOAD

40. 3000 4000 5000 6000 3000 4000 5000 6000 3000 4000 5000 6000 3000 4000 5000 6000 3000 4000 5000 6000 3000 4000 5000 6000 12 species exhibited flowering range shift upslope 34 species exhibited flowering range expansion upslope 23 species exhibited flowering range contraction upslope Crimmins et al. (2009) Global Change Biology Flowering range changes… 26% show change

41. How can PHENOLOGY be applied to the Master Gardener Program? DISCUSS

42. CENTRAL ARIZONA PHENOLOGY TRAIL

43. Photo credit: L. Barnett James 4-H Camp on Mingus Mountain Highlands Center for Natural History Community Nature Center of Prescott Walnut Creek Center for Ed and Research Prescott Creeks/Watson Woods Natural History Institute at Prescott College ~ ----------- ~ Master Gardener Demonstration Gardens?

44. Photo credit: L. Barnett Central Arizona Contacts Suzette Russi suzetter@cableone.net Edessa Carr edessa52@gmail.com

45. Connect with USA-NPN… Sign up for a phenology quarterly e-newsletter Become an observer Discover new tools and resources LoriAnne Barnett lorianne@usanpn.org www.facebook.com/USANPN www.pinterest.com/USANPN www.twitter.com/@loriannebarnett