1. Greek gods and their Roman Counterparts By: Ethan Cattanach

2. The Twelve Olympian Gods  Zeus/Jupiter  Hera/Juno  Poseidon/Neptune  Dionysus/Bacchus  Hermes/Mercury  Hephaestus/Vulcan  Aphrodite/Venus  Ares/Mars  Artemis/Diana  Apollo  Demeter/Ceres  Athena/Minerva

3. Zeus/Jupiter  Zeus  Zeus was the Greek ruler of the Olympian gods  He was married to Hera  Zeus was the god of the sky, rain, thunder, lightning  His symbol was the eagle and/or the lighting bolt  Jupiter  Jupiter was the Roman King of the Gods  He was married to Juno (his sister)  He was the god of the sky, thunder, light, lightning  His symbols were storms, clouds and lightning

4. Hera/Juno  Hera  Hera was the Greek god of love and marriage  She was the Queen of Heaven  Her symbols were the cow and peacock  She had a lot of children (Ares, Hephaestus, Hebe, Eileithyia,)  Juno  Juno was the Roman god of marriage, hearth, family and childbirth  Her symbols were a peacock and a goat skin cloak  She was the Queen of the Gods

5. Poseidon/Neptune  Poseidon  Poseidon was the Greek god of the sea, earthquakes, and sea storms  He was married to Amphitrite (goddess of the sea)  Poseidon's sacred animal was the horse because he made it out of sea foam  Neptune  Neptune was the Roman god of horses and the sea  Neptune was married to Salacia (goddess of salt water and the sea)  Neptune's sacred animal was the horse

6. Dionysus/Bacchus  Dionysus  Dionysus was the Greek god of grape harvest, winemaking, wine, ritual madness, drunkenness, vegetation, pleasure, parties and big cats  He was married to Ariadne  His parents were Zeus and Semele  Bacchus  Bacchus was the Roman god of wine and inspired madness  He hated owls, which were the symbol of his sister, Minerva  His symbols were ivy, snakes, and grapes  Leopards were his sacred animal

7. Hermes/Mercury  Hermes  Hermes was the Greek god of herds, travel, speed, trade, heraldry, language, athletics and thievery  He was married to Hera  He was the son of Zeus and Maia, a daughter of the titan, Atlas  Pan was the son of Hermes  Mercury  Mercury was the Roman god of trade, profit, merchants, thievery and travelers  He was not married

8. Hephaestus/Vulcan  Hephaestus  Hephaestus was the Greek god of fire, forges, volcanoes, metal, crafts  He was sometimes called Lord of the Fire, The Smith God, and Master Craftsman  He was married to Aphrodite  Vulcan  Vulcan was the Roman God of Fire and the blacksmith of the gods  He was the son of Jupiter and Juno  His festival, the Vulcanalia, was celebrated on August 23 when the summer heat put the crops and granaries at risk of burning  He was the husband of Venus

9. Aphrodite/Venus  Aphrodite  Aphrodite was the Greek goddess of love, desire, beauty, fertility, and vegetation  She was married to the crippled god, Hephaestus  Her children were Deimos, Adrestia, Harmonia, The Erotes, Eros, Anteros, Himeros, Pothos, Rhode, Tyche, Peitho, Eunomia  Venus  Venus was the Roman goddess of love, beauty, sex, fertility, prosperity, and military victory  She was married to Vulcan

10. Ares/Mars  Ares  Ares was the Greek god of war, battle lust, war booty, city defense, civil order, anger, violence, courage, fear, and manly courage  Ares did not marry, but he did have an affair with Aphrodite  His chariot was driven by four fire-breathing dragons: Aithon (Red-Fire), Phlogios (Flame), Konabos (Tumult), and Phobos (Fear)  His sacred day was Tuesday  His bird was the vulture  Mars  Mars was the Roman god of war, civil order, bloodlust, and brigands  Ares was his Greek counterpart

11. Artemis/Diana  Artemis  Artemis was the Greek goddess of the hunt, wild animals, childbirth, disease, plague, sudden death, girls, dance, song, the waxing crescent moon  She was the protector of the vulnerable  Her animals were dogs, guinea fowl, elephant, horses, bear, dove, deer, and the bee  Her gem was the Moonstone  Diana  Diana was the Roman goddess of the moon and hunting  She was one of the three maiden goddesses, Diana, Minerva and Vesta, who swore never to marry

12. Apollo  Apollo  Apollo was the Greek/Roman god of prophecy, music, light, intellectual pursuits, healing, plague, the sun, poetry, colonists, medicine, archery, dance, reason, and boys  He was the patron defender of herds and flocks  Apollo was not married  His parents were Zeus (Jupiter) and Leto (Latona)  Apollo’s children were Aristeaus, Trolius, Orpheus and Asclepius  His animals were the swan, the raven and the wolf  His weapons were a golden bow and golden arrows  His name was the same in Greek and in Roman Mythology

13. Demeter/Ceres  Demeter  Demeter was the Greek goddess of agriculture (wheat and barley), milling, bread, vegetables, pig-farming, motherhood, and blessed afterlife  Her sacred plants were wheat, barley, mint, poppy  Her sacred bird was the Turtle-dove  Her parents were Rhea and Chronos  Ceres  Ceres was the Roman goddess of growing plants, motherly love, agriculture, grain Horn of Plenty

14. Athena/Minerva  Athena  Athena was the Greek goddess of wisdom, war, crafts, weaving  Athena invented the flute, the plough, the ox-yoke, the horse bridle, and the chariot  Athena was a virgin goddess  She was born from Zeus's head  Minerva  Minerva was the Roman goddess of wisdom and war  Her symbol was the owl  She was the daughter of Jupiter and Juno

15. Nature gods and goddesses  River Gods & Water Nymphs/Naiads  Rivers of the Underworld  Other Nymphs/Dryads  Pan/Faunus - Satyrs/Fauns  Selene/Luna  Zephyrus/Favonius - Eurus/Vulturnus  Notus/Auster - Boreas/Aquilo  Iris  Helios/Sol - Eos/Aurora  Persephone/Proserpina  Amphitrite/Salacia

16. River gods Water Nymphs/Naiads  River gods  River Gods were always male  There was a river god in every stream, river, canal, etc.  The best known river god was Achelous  Water Nymphs/Naiads  Naiads were fresh-water Nymphs who inhabited the rivers, streams, lakes, marshes, fountains and springs of the earth  Pegaiai were the Naiad Nymphs of springs  Krenaiai were the Naiad Nymphs of fountains  Potameides were the Naiad Nymphs of rivers & streams  Limnades and Limnatides were the Naiad Nymphs of lakes  Heleionomai were the Naiad Nymphs of marshes and wetlands

17. Rivers of the Underworld  Lethe  Lethe was the river of forgetfulness  Lethe flowed around the cave of Hypnos and through the Underworld, where all those who drank from it experienced complete forgetfulness  Styx  Styx was the river of hate  It was a river which formed the boundary between Earth and the Underworlds. It circled the underworld nine times.  If you were to bathe in it, your skin would be like iron except for a tiny spot

18. Rivers of the Underworld  Cocytus  Cocytus was the river of lamentation  Those who died and were not properly buried were stuck walking about the banks of this river for most of their afterlife  Acheron  Acheron was the river of woe  The ferryman, Charon, ferried the dead across Acheron from the land of the living to the realm of Hades  Phlegethon  Phlegethon was the river of fire  It is said that while the fire burned, it did not consume anything within its flames

19. Other Nymphs/Dryads  Cloud Nymphs/Nephelai/Nephelae  Nephelai were nymphs of clouds and rain who rose up from the earth bearing water to the heavens in cloudy pitchers. With their rain, they nourished the earth and fed the streams of their river- god brothers.  Wind Nymphs/Aurai/Aurae  Aurai were the nymphs of the breezes. They were daughters of the north-wind Boreas.  Air Nymph  Air Nymphs spent most of their time in the skies, and could effect the weather through their manipulation of air currents.

20. Other Nymphs/Dryads  Nereids  Nereids were Nymphs of the sea and the ocean.  Dryads  Dryads were wood Nymphs or forest Nymphs.  They were very shy.  They lived in trees.

21. Pan/Faunus and Satyrs/Fauns  Pan  Pan was the Greek god of creativity, nature, animals, panic, and music. He was often seen playing Pan pipes  His parents were Hermes and the Nymph Dryope  Pan was half man and half goat, with goat ears, horns and legs  Faunus  Faunus was the Roman rustic god of animals and forests  His wife was Fauna  Satyrs/Fauns  Satyrs were Greek rustic spirits of the wilderness and countryside. They were close companions of the Greek god Pan.  They mated with the Nymphai nymphs  Fauns were Roman rustic spirits of the Roman god Faunus Pan pipes

22. Selene/Luna  Selene  Selene was the Greek goddess of the moon  Her parents were Theia and Hyperion  Her siblings were Helios (God of the sun) and Eos (Goddess of dawn)  She was one of the Greek triple moon goddesses: Artemis - Waxing Moon, Selene - the Full Moon, and Hecate - the Waning Moon  Luna  She was the Roman goddess of the moon, animals, and hunting  Luna was one of the Roman triple moon goddesses: Luna, Trivia, and Diana

23. Zephyrus/Favonius Eurus/Vulturnus  Zephyrus  Zephyrus was the Greek god of the west wind, he was thought to bring spring  His parents were Eos and Astraeus  His siblings were Boreas, Eurus and Notus  Favonius  Favonius was the Roman god of the west wind  He was sometimes represented as mere gusts of wind, at other times he was personified as a winged man  Eurus/Vulturnus  Eurus was the Greek god of the east wind, and bringer of fall  His Roman counterpart was Vulturnus Spring Fall

24. Notus/Auster Boreas/Aquilo  Notus  Notus was the Greek god of the South Wind  He was the bringer of wet summer  Auster  Auster was the Roman god of the South Wind  His brothers were Aquilo, Vulturnus, Favonius  Boreas  Boreas was the Greek of the north wind  He was the bringer of winter  Aquilo  Aquilo was the Roman god of the north wind  He had purple wings Rain Snow WinterSummer

25. Iris  Iris  Iris was the Greek/Roman goddess of the rainbow  Her parents were Elektra, a cloud-nymph, and Thaumas, a sea god  She was also a messenger goddess  She was the messenger for Hera  Her sisters were harpies  She was often pictured with wings  She was married to Zephyrus  She was the same goddess in Greek and in Roman mythology

26. Helios/Sol Eos/Aurora  Helios/Sol  Helios was the Greek god of the sun  Helios drove a chariot led by 4 fire-breathing horses across the sky each day  At night, he was carried back to his starting place in a great cup  His parents were Hyperion and Theia  Sol was his Roman counterpart  Eos/Aurora  Eos was the Greek goddess of dawn  She used to open the gates for the sun (Helios)  She was the child of Hyperion and Theia  She was the sister of Helios (the sun) and of Selene (the moon)  She had been in love with Ares, but Aphrodite cursed her so she would be in love constantly.  Aurora was Eos’s Roman counterpart

27. Persephone/Proserpina  Persephone  Persephone was the Greek goddess of flowers and harvest  She was the Queen of the Underworld  Her animals were the bat, ram, parrots, all talking birds, and monkeys  Her parents were Zeus and Demeter  Proserpina  Proserpina was the Roman goddess of the harvest and of the underworld  Her parents were Jupiter and Ceres  Cupid had instructions to hit Pluto with an arrow of love, so Pluto fell in love with Proserpina and kidnapped her. Proserpina’s mother, Ceres, went looking for her. Ceres created deserts with her footprints. Then, she stopped all growth. Finally, Pluto let Proserpina go (after she ate 6 pomegranate seeds). For eating the seeds, Proserpina has to spend 6 months a year in the underworld, while Ceres mourns and stops all growth (winter and fall). When Proserpina leaves the underworld, Ceres rejoices and starts growth again (spring and summer)

28. Amphitrite/Salacia  Amphitrite  Amphitrite was the Greek goddess of the sea  She was the Queen of the Sea, and was the mother of fish, seals and dolphins  Her parents were Nereus and Doris  Her son was Triton and her daughter was Rhode  She was married to Poseidon  Salacia  Salacia was the Roman goddess of salt water  She was married to Neptune

29. Gods of Living and Dying  Hades/Pluto  Thanatos/Mors  Hypnos/Somnus  Morpheus  Plutus  Morae/Parcae (Fates)  Erinyes/Furies (Dirae)

30. Hades/Pluto  Hades  Hades was the Greek god of death  He was the king of the underworld  He was married to Persephone  He was the ruler of the dead  Pluto  Pluto was the Roman god of riches and death  Pluto was married to Proserpine  He was NOT the lord of the dead  His job was to run the underworld Hades' Invisible helmet

31. Thanatos/Mor  Thanatos  Thanatos was the Greek god of a non-violent death  His brother was Hypnos  Thanatos worked for Hades  His parents were Nyx (night) and Erebus (darkness)  His nephew was Morpheus  Mor  Mor was the Roman god of death  He worked for Pluto  Thanatos was his Greek counterpart  His dad is Nox

32. Hypnos/Somnus  Hypnos  Hypnos was the Greek god of sleep  His parents were Erebus (the god of darkness) and Nyx (the god of night)  He was married to Pasithea (the goddess of hallucinations)  His children were Morpheus (god of dreams), Phobetor (god of nightmares), Phantasus, and Ikelos.  He lived in the underworld  Somnus  Somnus was the Roman god of sleep  He was the brother of death and the son of night  It was said that he had a thousand children (all gods/goddess of dreams).

33. Morpheus  Morpheus  Morpheus was the Greek and Roman god of dreams, and in later mythology he became a god of sleep  He was the son of Hypnos and Pasithea  He was the nephew of Thanatos  Morpheus sent human images into dreams, Phobetor sent animal images into dreams, and Phantasos sent object images into dreams  Together, they ruled dreams  Morpheus had black wings  Morpheus only had 1 name in Greek and Roman mythology

34. Plutus  Plutus  Plutus was the Greek and Roman god of wealth  His mother was Demeter  Plutus was blinded by Zeus, so that he could not tell good from evil unless his sight was restored but it was not  Plutus was sometimes confused with Pluto, god of the underworld and wealth  Plutus had the same name in Greek and Roman mythology

35. Fates (Morae/Parcae)  Fates  The Fates determined how long a person would live  There were 3 fates: Klotho, Lachesis, and Atropos  Klotho spun the thread of life  Lachesis determined the length of the thread  Atropos cut the thread when the proper time came for death  Their parents were Nyx and Erebus  Morae was the Greek name for the Fates  Parcae was the Roman name for the Fates

36. Erinyes/Furies (Dirae)  Erinyes/Furies (Dirae)  The Erinyes were the goddesses of vengeance  They pursued wrong-doers relentlessly, until death, often driving them to suicide  There were three Erinyes/Furies (Dirae): Tisiphone, Megaera, Alecto  Tisiphone – Goddess of murder  Megaera – Goddess of envious anger  Alecto – Goddess of unending anger  The Erinyes came from the blood of Uranus when he was cut up  Their weapon was the whip  The Furies and Dirae were the Roman names for the Erinyes

37. Other Gods/Goddesses  Hestia/Vesta  Eris/Discordia  Eros/Cupid (Amor)  Nemesis/Invidia  Nike/Victoria  Muses  Graces/Charities

38. Hestia/Vesta  Hestia  Hestia was the Greek goddess of the house, home, family hearth, civic hearth, and sacramental flame  Her parents were Chronos and Rhea  She had no children and no husband  Vesta  Vesta was the Roman goddess of fire, bread, and the hearth  Her sacred animal was the donkey  Her festival days were Jan 15, Feb 13, March 1, April 28, May 15, June 7-15, June 24  Her gem was the black diamond

39. Eris/Discordia  Eris  Eris was the Greek goddess of strife, discord, contention, war, and rivalry  Her parent was Nyx  Her children were Ponus, Lethe, Limos (and a lot of others)  Eris started the Trojan War by throwing the golden apple in front of many goddesses  Discordia  Discordia was the Roman goddess of discord, strife, and war  She is the Roman counterpart of Eris

40. Eros/Cupid (Amor)  Eros  Eros was the Greek god of love  His mother was Aphrodite  His father was Ares  He was married to Psyche  His child was Volupta (Pleasure)  He created birds  Cupid/Amor  Cupid was the Roman god of love  He was shown as a winged baby holding a bow and arrow  The arrows Cupid shot made people fall in love with the first person they saw.

41. Nemesis/Invidia  Nemesis  Nemesis was the Greek goddess of revenge and justice  Nemesis was a goddess of requirement; she had to correct evil deeds done or undeserved good fortune  Her mother was Nyx - she had no father  Invidia  Invidia was the Roman goddess of envy and jealously  Nemesis was her Greek counterpart

42. Nike/Victoria  Nike  Nike was the Greek goddess of victory  She was shown with wings  Her father was Pallas (who Athena killed), and her mother was Styx (the Naiad)  Her siblings were Kratos (strength), Bia (force), and Zelus (rivalry)  Victoria  Victoria was the Roman goddess of victory  Her Greek counterpart was Nike Palm branch (sign of victory) Coins that show Victoria

43. Muses  Muses  Clio: Goddess of history and poetry  Urania: Goddess of astronomy  Melpomene: Goddess of tragedy  Thalia: Goddess of comedy  Terpsichore: Goddess of dance  Calliope: Goddess of epic or heroic poetry  Erato: Goddess of love and poetry  Polyhymnia: Goddess of songs/hymns to the gods  Euterpe: Goddess of music and lyric poetry  The Muses were daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne  The Muses were believed to inspire artists, poets, and musicians.

44. Graces/Charities  Graces/Charities  The Graces were minor goddesses who symbolized beauty, charm, and goodness  Aglaia - Goddess of brightness or splendor  Thalia – Goddess of good cheer  Euphrosyne – Goddess of joyfulness  Cleta – Goddess of sound  Pasithea – Goddess of shining  Peitho – Goddess of persuasion  The Graces are the daughters of Zeus and Eurynome  The Graces are the Greek name  The Charities are the Roman counterpart

45. Titans/Primeval Forces  Gaia/Terra (Primeval Force)  Tartarus (Primeval Force) – Uranus/Ouranos (Primeval Force)  Cronus/ Saturn – Typhon  Oceanus – Atlas  Coeus & Phoebe – Hyperion & Theia – Rhea/Cybele (Ops)  Crius & Mnemosyne – Iapetus & Themis – Tethys  Prometheus

46. Gaia/Terra  Gaia  Gaia was the Greek primeval force of earth  She was born from Chaos  Her siblings were Eros, Tartarus and Nyx  Her children were Uranus, Cronus, Pontus, The Ourea, Hecatonchires, Cyclopes, titans, The Gigantes, Nereus, Thaumus, Phorcys, Ceto, Eurybia, Aphrodite, and Typhon  Terra was Gaia’s Roman counterpart

47. Tartarus – Uranus/Ouranos  Tartarus  Tartarus was the Greek/Roman primeval force of the underworld and he was the bottomless pits of the world  He lived under the earth and held together the bottomless pits of the world, which is where monsters go when they are killed  Uranus/Ouranos  Uranus was the Greek primeval force of the sky  He had children with Gaia. He put the some of his children in Tartarus. Gaia wanted her titan children to kill Uranus for this act. None of the titans wanted to do that, except for Chronos. Gaia gave Chronos a scythe and he chopped Uranus up. Then, Chronos ruled the titans.  Ouranos was Uranus’s Roman counterpart

48. Cronus/Saturn - Typhon  Cronus  Cronus was the Greek titan of time  His father was Uranus and his mother was Gaea  His children were Hestia, Hades, Demeter, Poseidon, Hera, Zeus, and centaurs  Saturn was his Roman counterpart  Typhon  Typhon was the Greek/Roman titan/monster of the wind and storms  Gaia and Tartarus were his parents  He was the father of all monsters and his wife (Echidna) was the mother of all monsters

49. Oceanus – Atlas  Oceanus  Oceanus was the Greek/Roman titan of the sea  He was the son of Gaia and Uranus  He was marred to Tethys  He was the father of nymphs, 3,000 Rivers, and Seas  He did not fight in the war against the gods  Atlas  Atlas was the titan of the Heavens  He was brother to Prometheus and Epimetheus, who did not fight the Olympians  He fought with the titans in the war against the gods, so Zeus punished him and then he held the sky

50. Coeus & Phoebe – Hyperion & Theia – Rhea/Cybele (Ops)  Coeus & Phoebe  Coeus and Phoebe were both Greek/Roman titans of the moon  Coeus was the son of Gaia/Terra and Uranus/Ouranos  Phoebe was the parent of Leto, who was the mother of Artemis & Apollo  Hyperion & Theia  Hyperion and Theia were both Greek/Roman titans of the sun  They were the parents of Helios (Sun), Selena (Moon), and Eos (Dawn)  Rhea/Cybele (Ops)  Rhea was the Queen of the heavens  Rhea was the mother of 6 Olympians  Her Roman name was Cybele and/or Ops

51. Crius & Mnemosyne – Iapetus & Themis – Tethys  Crius & Mnemosyne  Crius and Mnemosyne were both Greek/Roman titans of memory  Iapetus & Themis  Iapetus and Themis were both Greek/Roman titans of justice and planets  Iapetus was the father of Prometheus, Epimetheus, and Atlas  Tethys  Tethys was the Greek/Roman titaness of the ocean  She was the mother of all river gods and Oceanids (which were sea nymphs or mermaids)

52. Prometheus  Prometheus  Prometheus was the Greek/Roman titan of forethought  He created the first man  He gave man fire  He got chained to a cliff in the Caucasus mountains  Zeus sent an eagle daily to pluck out his liver

53. Greek Gods/Titans Chart

54. Monsters and Weird Creatures  Scylla and Charybdis – Sirens – Minotaur - Cyclopes  Cerberus – Argus – Hydra - Gorgons  Centaurs – Pegasus – Chimera  Sphinx - Hecatonchires (the hundred handed ones) - Nemean Lion - Harpies  Echidna - Stymphalian Birds - Kraken  Graeae sisters - Geryon  Hellhound

55. Monsters and Weird Creatures 1  Scylla and Charybdis  Scylla and Charybdis were a pair of monsters who lived at the Strait of Messina. Scylla used to be a water nymph, but Amphitrite turned her into a monster with 6 heads and 3 rows of sharp teeth. Charybdis was a whirlpool. Together, they ate people.  Sirens  Sirens had the head of a female human and the body of a bird. They lived on an island where they lured people to their death by singing.  Minotaur  The Minotaur was half bull and half man. Theseus killed it.  Cyclopes  Cyclopes were 1 eyed giants. They were the children of Uranus and Gaia.  Cyclopes is the plural term for Cyclops.

56. Monsters and Weird Creatures 2  Cerberus  Cerberus was a 3 headed dog that protected the gates of the underworld. Mother: Echidna, Father: Typhon  Hercules kidnapped Cerberus  Argus  Argus was a monster with 100 eyes. He was the protector of Hera.  Hydra  Hydra was a monster with 9 heads. If one head got cut off, 2 new heads would grow back. It only could be killed with fire. Hercules killed the Lernean Hydra.  Gorgons  There are 3 Gorgon monsters: Euryale, Sthenno, and Medusa. Medusa is the only one of them who was mortal. If you looked into a Gorgon’s eyes, you would be turned to stone. They had snakes for hair. Perseus killed Medusa.

57. Monsters and Weird Creatures 3  Centaurs  Centaurs were part human and part horse. Centaurs are the followers of the wine god, Dionysus. Chiron, who trained a lot of the heroes, was a centaur.  Pegasus  Pegasus were horses with wings. The first Pegasus came from Medusa’s head  Chimera  Chimera had the head of a lion, the body of a she-goat, and the tail of a dragon. Chimera was a child of Typhon and Echidna.

58. Monsters and Weird Creatures 4  Sphinx  The Sphinx had the body of a lion, head of a human, and wings  Hecatonchires  The Hecatonchires were children of Gaia and Uranus. They had 100 arms and 50 heads each. Their names were Cottus, Briareus, and Gyges. Uranus locked them up in Tartarus  Nemean Lion  The Nemean Lion was a huge lion with iron skin. No weapons could hurt it. Hercules finally strangled it  Harpies  The Harpies were winged monsters with the face of an ugly old woman and crooked, sharp talons

59. Monsters and Weird Creatures 5  Echidna  Echidna was half woman, half snake. She was known as Mother of All Monsters because most of the monsters in Greek mythology were her children.  Stymphalian Birds  Stymphalian birds were a flock of man-eating birds which haunted Lake Stymphalus in Arkadia. Heracles destroyed them as his sixth labor, using first a rattle to rouse them from the thick vegetation of the lake, then shooting them down one by one with bow and arrow or a sling  Kraken  The Kraken was similar to a giant octopus or squid, though earliest stories describe it as a giant crab. It preyed on ships and then ate them.

60. Monsters and Weird Creatures 6  The Graeae Sisters  The Graeae Sisters were sea-spirits. They were grey from birth, and shared among themselves a single eye and tooth. Perseus stole the eye and tooth, and made the Graeae Sisters reveal the hidden location of their sisters, the Gorgons. There were three Graeae Sisters.  Deino – Which means the terrible  Enyo – Which means the warlike  Persis – Which means the destroyer  Geryon  Geryon was a 3-bodied, 4-winged giant who dwelt on the red island of Erytheia  He possessed a fabulous herd of cattle whose coats were tinged red by the light of sunset. Heracles was sent to fetch the cattle as one of his twelve labors.

61. Monsters and Weird Creatures 7  Hellhounds  Hellhounds were dogs from hell  Cerberus, the three headed hound that guarded the gates of Hades.  Orthus: the two headed dog of Geryon.  Laelaps: the dog that always caught his prey  Chryseus: the “Golden Dog”, who was sent to guard Zeus as an infant

62. Heroes/Warriors  Achilles – Theseus  Heracles/Hercules  Odysseus  Perseus – Jason  Bellerophon  Amazons

63. Achilles – Theseus  Achilles  Achilles was the son of the sea nymph, Thetis, and King Peleus. He was trained by Chiron. He was almost immortal, since his mother had dipped him into the river Styx as a baby. This made Achilles’ whole body (except for a small part on his ankle) like iron.  Theseus  Theseus was the prince who killed the Minotaur  Every 7 years, 14 children (7 boys & 7 girls) were picked to go to Crete to be killed in the labyrinth by the Minotaur as sacrifices. The third time, Prince Theseus took the place of a man, so that he could kill the Minotaur. Theseus’ father (the king) gave him a white flag, so that when Theseus came back, the king would know that he was alive. When Theseus got to Crete, the princess of Crete gave him a sword and a ball of thread, to help him get out of the labyrinth. When he got to the middle of the labyrinth, he killed the minotaur. Then he left Crete with the princess. But when he was sailing back, he forgot to put the white flag up on the mast, and so the king committed suicide in grief.

64. Heracles/Hercules  Heracles/Hercules  Heracles got 12 labors to complete, so he could clear his name from wrong doings:  1. Kill the Nemean Lion  2. Kill the Lernean Hydra  3. Capture the Cerynian Hind  4. Capture the Erymanthian Boar  5. Clean the Augean Stables  6. Kill the Stymphalian Birds  7. Capture the Cretan Bull  8. Capture the Horses of Diomedes  9. Take the Belt of the Amazon Queen  10.Capture the Cattle of Geryon  11. Take the Golden Apples of the Hesperides  12. Capture Cerberus  After his labors, he married. His wife gave him a cloak with what she thought was love potion, but it was really covered in burn poison (by Hera). Heracles would have burned himself alive (the pain), but then Zeus gave him immortality.  Heracles is the Greek name  Hercules is the Roman counterpart

65. Odysseus  Odysseus  Odysseus was the King of Ithaca  He helped the Greeks triumph in the Trojan War  Afterward, he journeyed nearly ten years to return home to Ithaca and to his wife, Penelope.  He saved himself and his men from such monsters as the Cyclops, the Sirens, and Scylla and Charybdis.  When he got back to Ithaca, Odysseus proved his identity to Penelope and once again ruled his homeland.

66. Perseus – Jason  Perseus  Perseus was the son of Zeus and Danaë  He slew the Gorgon, Medusa, with a shiny shield from Athena and winged sandals from Apollo  Perseus killed Medusa by looking in the reflection of the shield  After he killed Medusa, he saved the princess, Andromeda, from being eaten by a sea monster (he turned it to stone).  Jason  Jason was the leader of the Argonauts (the 50 heroes). Jason's uncle, Pelias, had stolen the kingdom that belonged to Jason  Pelias promised to return the kingdom only if Jason would bring home the Golden Fleece  On their journey, Jason and the Argonauts faced down many monsters

67. Bellerophon  Bellerophon  Bellerophon was the son of Poseidon  King Iobates of Lycia sent Bellerophon on a suicide quest to destroy the fire-breathing monster known as the chimera. With the help of his winged horse, Pegasus, Bellerophon was able to complete the task safely. He then conquered the Solymi and the Amazons.  Upon Bellerophon's return to Lycia, King Iobates gave him half his kingdom and his daughter  After a while, the gods did not like Bellerophon because he tried to get up to Olympus on Pegasus.

68. Amazons  Amazons  Amazons were a large group of women that were warlike.  These women were said to be brave, with strength and fortitude like no other women  An Amazon woman was raised from childhood to fight, therefore they truly knew what they were doing and could protect their people at all costs  Not many people stood a chance against the Amazons  They did not like men  If the Amazons had boy children, they would either kill them or give them to a neighboring men’s tribe  They worshiped Ares (because they were warlike) and Artemis (because she was a maiden goddess).

69. Websites that I used a lot!  http://gogreece.about.com http://gogreece.about.com  http://www.theoi.com http://www.theoi.com  http://www.pantheon.org http://www.pantheon.org  http://www.dl.ket.org http://www.dl.ket.org  http://www.greek-gods-and-goddesses.com http://www.greek-gods-and-goddesses.com  http://mythagora.com http://mythagora.com  http://ancienthistory.about.com http://ancienthistory.about.com